scholarly journals Immune response of a heat killed Brucella abortus vaccine in guinea pig

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Yeasmin ◽  
A. A. Maruf ◽  
M. F. Karim ◽  
S. Tasnin ◽  
A. K. M. A. Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Dose Calculation ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Background: Brucellosis is an endemic disease in Bangladesh which has economic impacts attributable to humans and animals. To control bovine brucellosis two types of vaccines are available- vaccine S19 and vaccine SRB51 but they have some adverse effects. On the other hand the heat killed vaccine produces less immunity but no adverse effect. Vaccination against brucellosis in Bangladesh has not yet been initiated and not recommended in subsistence management systems due to very low level of prevalence. But in commercial management systems the prevalence is reported to be higher and vaccination may be initiated. Before importing live vaccine which have some adverse effects locally prepared killed vaccine can be tested for its immune response. Hence this study was undertaken to evaluate the immune response of heat killed vaccine prepared from local isolate in guinea pig. Methods: Brucella abortus recently isolated from aborted fetal membranes (unpublished data) was used for vaccine production. Pour plate technique was used by tenfold serial dilution of the isolate to count cfu (colony forming unit)/ml of Brucella abortus for dose calculation of heat killed vaccine. Bacterial pellet was prepared by centrifugation of 200ml of the cultured broth at 10,000 rpm for 10 mins. The bacterial pellet was mixed with required amount of PBS (phosphate buffer saline) to obtain 40×1010 cfu organisms in 2ml dose for guinea pig inoculation. Then heat killed vaccine was prepared by heating the organism at 80˚C for 90 minutes and the prepared vaccine was inoculated subcutaneously 2ml (4×1010cfu) in each of the guinea pig. The sera of guinea pigs were collected at 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 9th week after inoculation to determine the reciprocal antibody (Ab) titre by Rose Bengal test (RBT) and to examine the rise of antibody level by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: The antibody level started to rise significantly (p<0.01) from the 2nd week (OD value 0.2287, Reciprocal Ab titre 1:120) and reached a peak level at 4th week (OD value 0.2842, Reciprocal Ab titre 1:800) and then started to decline significantly (p<0.01) from 6th week (OD value 0.1832, Reciprocal Ab titre 1:35) to 9th week (OD value 0.1015, Reciprocal Ab titre 0). Conclusions: Heat killed vaccine without adjuvant induces immune response in guinea pigs which persists for a maximum period of 6 weeks. A further study to investigate the immune response of killed vaccine with adjuvant is recommended.

scholarly journals RECEPTORS ON IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELLS

1971 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Davie ◽  
Alan S. Rosenthal ◽  
William E. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Antigen Binding ◽  
Agarose Beads ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes ◽  
Antibody Secreting Cells

Guinea pigs immunized with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-guinea pig albumin (DNP-GPA) possess lymphocytes which specifically bind sufficient DNP-GPA-125I to their surface to be detected by radioautography. These lymphocytes are present in the draining lymph nodes in a frequency of ∼50/1000 lymphocytes in animals immunized 2–4 wk earlier with DNP-GPA in complete Freund's adjuvant. Nonimmunized animals have ∼0.4 DNP-GPA antigen-binding cells (ABC) per 1000 lymphocytes. An increase in the frequency of DNP-GPA ABC in peripheral blood is detectable by 5 days after immunization, which is before the time that serum anti-DNP antibody is measurable. The receptors of these ABC are hapten specific in that free ϵ-DNP-L-lysine, at low concentration, inhibits the binding of DNP-GPA-125I; DNP bovine serum alumbin (DNP-BSA) is equivalent to DNP-GPA in the inhibition of binding of DNP-GPA-125I to ABC; and both DNP-GPA agarose beads and DNP-BSA agarose beads specifically adsorb DNP-GPA-125I ABC. Anti-immunoglobulin antisera, particularly anti-γ2 sera, inhibit the binding of DNP-GPA-125I to these cells implying that the receptors are immunoglobulin, primarily of the γ2 heavy chain class. DNP-GPA-125I ABC appear to represent precursors of antibody-secreting cells and have specificity characteristics which are very different from cells, of similarly immunized guinea pigs, which mediate a cellular immune response to DNP-GPA.

scholarly journals Vaccination with a Live Attenuated Cytomegalovirus Devoid of a Protein Kinase R Inhibitory Gene Results in Reduced Maternal Viremia and Improved Pregnancy Outcome in a Guinea Pig Congenital Infection Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (19) ◽  
pp. 9727-9738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Schleiss ◽  
Craig J. Bierle ◽  
Elizabeth C. Swanson ◽  
Michael A. McVoy ◽  
Jian Ben Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Protein Kinase R ◽  
Targeted Deletion ◽  
Pup Mortality

ABSTRACTDevelopment of a vaccine to prevent congenital cytomegalovirus infection is a major public health priority. Live vaccines attenuated through mutations targeting viral mechanisms responsible for evasion of host defense may be both safe and efficacious. Safety and vaccine efficacy were evaluated using a guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) model. Recombinant GPCMV with a targeted deletion ofgp145(designated Δ145), a viral protein kinase R (PKR) inhibitor, was generated. Attenuation was evaluated following inoculation of 107PFU of Δ145 or parental virus into guinea pigs immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide. Efficacy was evaluated by immunizing GPCMV-naive guinea pigs twice with either 105or 106PFU of Δ145, establishing pregnancy, and challenging the guinea pigs with salivary gland-adapted GPCMV. The immune response, maternal viral load, pup mortality, and congenital infection rates in the vaccine and control groups were compared. Δ145 was substantially attenuated for replication in immunocompromised guinea pigs. Vaccination with Δ145 induced enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and neutralizing antibody levels comparable to those achieved in natural infection. In the higher- and lower-dose vaccine groups, pup mortality was reduced to 1/24 (4%) and 4/29 (14%) pups, respectively, whereas it was 26/31 (81%) in unvaccinated control pups (P< 0.0001 for both groups versus the control group). Congenital infection occurred in 20/31 (65%) control pups but only 8/24 (33%) pups in the group vaccinated with 106PFU (P< 0.05). Significant reductions in the magnitude of maternal DNAemia and pup viral load were noted in the vaccine groups compared to those in the controls. Deletion of a GPCMV genome-encoded PKR inhibitor results in a highly attenuated virus that is immunogenic and protective as a vaccine against transplacental infection.IMPORTANCEPrevious attempts to develop successful immunization against cytomegalovirus have largely centered on subunit vaccination against virion proteins but have yielded disappointing results. The advent of bacterial artificial chromosome technologies has enabled engineering of recombinant cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) from which virus genome-encoded immune modulation genes have been deleted, toward the goal of developing a safe and potentially more efficacious live attenuated vaccine. Here we report the findings of studies of such a vaccine against congenital CMV infection based on a virus with a targeted deletion ingp145, a virus genome-encoded inhibitor of protein kinase R, using the guinea pig model of vertical CMV transmission. The deletion virus was attenuated for dissemination in immunocompromised guinea pigs but elicited ELISA and neutralizing responses. The vaccine conferred protection against maternal DNAemia and congenital transmission and resulted in reduced viral loads in newborn guinea pigs. These results provide support for future studies of attenuated CMV vaccines.

scholarly journals SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES OF THE GUINEA PIG

1971 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 1529-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry G. Bluestein ◽  
Leonard Ellman ◽  
Ira Green ◽  
Baruj Benacerraf
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
Major Strain ◽  
Histocompatibility Locus ◽  
Dominant Genes

The ability of guinea pigs to form immune responses specific for each of the random copolymers, L-glutamic acid and L-alanine (GA) and L-glutamic acid and L-tyrosine (GT), is under the control of distinct autosomal dominant genes. By testing for the ability to respond to these copolymers among the progeny from the reciprocal backcross mating of responder (2 x 13)F1 animals with the appropriate nonresponder parental strain, we have demonstrated that different unigenic autosomal dominant traits control the ability to respond to GA and GT respectively. The data further shows that the GA gene is linked to the poly-L-lysine (PLL) gene and to the locus determining the major strain 2 histocompatibility specificities and that the GT gene is linked to the locus controlling the expression of major strain 13 histocompatibility specificities. Analysis of the inheritance of the GT and PLL genes among the offspring from a mating of responder (2 x 13)F1 guinea pigs with random-bred guinea pigs unable to respond to GT or PLL demonstrate that these genes segregate away from each other. Thus, the PLL gene and the genes to which it is linked, the GA gene and the major strain 2 histocompatibility locus, behave as alleles or pseudoalleles to the GT gene and the major strain 13 histocompatibility locus.

scholarly journals The Influence Of Tuberculosis Upon The Development Of Brucella Abortus Infection

1936 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Pullinger
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Mononuclear Cell ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Cell Reaction ◽  
Local Increase ◽  
Full Explanation

Summary and conclusion1. The difficulty of isolating Br. abortus from samples of “dirty” milk by means of guinea-pig inoculation is noted. This has been shown to be due in certain instances to the presence of tubercle bacilli in the inoculum, though this is probably not the full explanation.2. Following the simultaneous inoculation of virulent tubercle bacilli and Br. abortus into guinea-pigs, the latter infection generally failed to become established, whereas control animals inoculated under the same conditions with Brucella, but without tubercle bacilli, became infected.Results of the inoculation of the two organisms into opposite sides of guinea-pigs indicate a generalized as well as a local increase of resistance to Br. abortus.3. It is suggested that the mononuclear cell reaction stimulated by the tubercle bacilli destroyed Br. abortus.I am indebted to the Directors of the United Dairies, Limited, for their interest and financial support. My thanks are due to Dr W. S. Gordon, Moredun, for sending a virulent strain of Br. abortus.

scholarly journals SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES OF THE GUINEA PIG

1971 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 1538-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry G. Bluestein ◽  
Ira Green ◽  
Baruj Benacerraf
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Cytolytic Activity ◽  
Immune Response Gene ◽  
Response Gene ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Lymph Node Cells

The lymph node cells from all L-glutamic acid and L-tyrosine (GT) responder random-bred guinea pigs were susceptible to lysis by strain 2 anti-strain 13 isoantisera in the presence of complement. These same antisera were cytolytic for lymph node cells of only some of the GT nonresponder animals. However, after absorption with cells, from a nonresponder guinea pig, susceptible to lysis, the anti-strain 13 antisera were no longer able to lyse cells from any GT nonresponder guinea pigs while retaining a large measure of their cytolytic activity for cells of all GT responder guinea pigs. Thus, at least two major strain 13 histocompatibility specificities are expressed on the cells of random-bred guinea pigs. The genetic locus controlling the expression of only one of those strain 13 histocompatibility specificities is linked to the GT immune response gene.

scholarly journals Effect of Chlamydiaphage φCPG1 on the Course of Conjunctival Infection with “Chlamydia caviae” in Guinea Pigs

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1216-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger G. Rank ◽  
Anne K. Bowlin ◽  
Stefania Cané ◽  
Huizhong Shou ◽  
Zhi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Chlamydial Infection ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Pathological Response ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Lytic Phage ◽  
Animal Host

ABSTRACT Over the last several years, four different phages of chlamydiae, in addition to a phage associated with Chlamydia psittaci isolated from an ornithosis infection in ducks over 25 years ago, have been described and characterized. While these phages and their chlamydial host specificities have been characterized in vitro, there is virtually nothing known about the interaction of the phage with chlamydiae in their natural animal host. φCPG1 is a lytic phage specific for “Chlamydia caviae,” which is a natural parasite of the guinea pig. In this study, guinea pigs were inoculated in the conjunctiva with suspensions of φCPG1 and C. caviae and the effect on the development of pathology and on the course of chlamydial infection in the conjunctiva was determined. The presence of phage delayed the appearance of the peak level of chlamydiae in the animal and decreased the pathological response. Evidence for replication of the phage in C. caviae in the conjunctival tissue was observed. Modifying the ratio of phage to chlamydiae altered the course of infection and affected phage replication. There was no evidence for the phage increasing the virulence of C. caviae infection.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccination Augments Interleukin-8 mRNA Expression and Protein Production in Guinea Pig Alveolar Macrophages Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 5471-5478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Lyons ◽  
Teizo Yoshimura ◽  
David N. McMurray
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

ABSTRACT Alveolar macrophages are likely the first cell type to encounter Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a pulmonary infection, resulting in the production of chemokines. In order to evaluate this response, alveolar macrophages harvested from nonvaccinated and Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs were infected in vitro with live M. tuberculosis H37Ra or H37Rv (multiplicity of infection, 1:1) or cultured with lipopolysaccharide (10 μg/ml) for 3, 12, and 24 h. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) mRNA expression was determined by real-time PCR. Culture supernatants were assayed for guinea pig IL-8 protein by using a human IL-8 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Alveolar macrophages harvested from BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs produced significantly more mRNA and protein for IL-8 than alveolar macrophages harvested from nonvaccinated guinea pigs at 12 and 24 h poststimulation or postinfection. Infection with attenuated M. tuberculosis (H37Ra) stimulated alveolar macrophages isolated from BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs to produce significantly more IL-8 mRNA than did alveolar macrophages infected with a virulent strain (H37Rv) at 12 and 24 h postinfection. Significant MCP-1 mRNA production was also detected in stimulated or infected alveolar macrophages; however, prior vaccination did not significantly affect levels of MCP-1 mRNA. Alveolar macrophages isolated from BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs produced significantly more IL-8 mRNA and protein when stimulated for 24 h with heat-killed H37Ra, heat-killed H37Rv, and H37Rv cell wall, but not mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM), than did cells stimulated with media alone. These observations indicate that prior vaccination may alter very early events in the M. tuberculosis-infected lung.

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