Understanding Development Discourse through Ontological Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon PRENDEVILLE ◽  
Boeun Bethany HONG
Keyword(s):  
Design Theory ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Development Discourse ◽  
The West ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
New Development ◽  
Development Experience ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ontological Design ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Discourse is a powerful way of understanding/forming the world. It consolidates/disassembles society by conforming/disarticulating. However, the work of discourses has not been explained sufficiently in terms of design theory. In this respect, this paper aims to explore how the work of discourses can be understood in relation to the concept of ontological design, especially from the perspective of coloniality. The case of South Korea’s development experience around different types of development assistance strategies was used to interrogate this question. A hermeneutic approach and discourse analysis were adopted for the empirical analysis. The research found the designed development assistance strategies of the “West” design back the development thinking and new development assistance strategies in South Korea. In doing so, the country replicates the “West-centred” discourse of developmentalism. From this, we conclude that discourses are shared through the ontological practices of designing. This informs design studies of how discourse relates to design.

Tartan Buddhists

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Potential Utility ◽  
Tibetan Buddhist ◽  
The West ◽  
Dependent Relationship ◽  
Different Types

The purpose of this article is to provide a sociological typology for understanding the different types of practitioners within the Tibetan Buddhist organization, Rokpa International, in Scotland. It will be argued that the empirically derived criteria and Weber’s (1978) sociological concepts of authority, power and status allow us to understand the tensions and mutually dependent relationship between the different types. In conclusion, it will be argued that, while this typology is not presented as a challenge to existing typologies, this article demonstrates the potential utility of these sociological concepts for understanding the practice and development of Buddhism in the West.

THEORY OF LAW AND PHILOSOPHY OF LAW AS THEORETICAL DISCOURSES: SPECIFICS AND RELATIONSHIP

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Вадим Леонидович Афанасьевский
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Philosophy Of Law ◽  
The West ◽  
Scientific Creativity ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
The Relationship

В статье анализируется проблема взаимоотношений философии права и научной теории права. Рассматриваемая проблема стала особенно актуальной в российском образовательном пространстве в связи с введением после длительного перерыва в государственный образовательный стандарт магистратуры по юриспруденции учебной дисциплины «Философия права». Автор статьи в качестве базисного принимает тезис, согласно которому философия права, являясь сферой философской мысли, и теория права как область научного социогуманитарного знания представляют собой разные типы теоретического дискурса. Исходя из этого, в статье выстраивается теоретическая концепция, согласно которой задачей философии права как философского типа мышления является конструирование или экспликация онтологических, эпистемологических, аксиологических, феноменологических оснований для формирования и функционирования научных теоретико-правовых и историко-правовых построений. Для реализации поставленной в статье задачи подробно рассматриваются ключевые характеристики как теории философского типа, так и идеалов, норм и характеристик научного знания. Выявленное различие экстраполируется на взаимоотношение теории права как продукта научного творчества и философии права как конструкции, задающей базовые мировоззренческие смыслы. В качестве примера выработанных философией права и государства оснований научных теорий прогресса, государства, морали и права, автор приводит взгляды мыслителей западноевропейской философской классики: Т. Гоббса, Ж.-Ж. Руссо, И. Канта, Г.В.Ф. Гегеля. Именно их философские концепции предопределили образы теоретико- и историко-правовых учений XVIII, XIX, XX и даже начала XXI в. Таким образом, отношение философии права и теории права выстраивается по «вертикали»: от онтологического основания к возведению теоретико-правовых и историко-правовых научных построений. The article analyzes the problem of the relationship between the philosophy of law and the scientific theory of law. The problem under consideration has become especially urgent in the Russian educational space in connection with the introduction of the Philosophy of Law discipline master's degree in law after a long break. The author of the article takes as the basis the thesis that the philosophy of law, being the sphere of philosophical thought, and the theory of law as a field of scientific socio-humanitarian knowledge are different types of theoretical discourse. Based on this, the article builds a theoretical concept according to which the task of the philosophy of law as a philosophical type of thinking is the construction or explication of ontological, epistemological, axiological, phenomenological grounds for the formation and functioning of concrete scientific theoretical and legal and historical and legal constructions. To implement the task posed in the article, the key characteristics of both a theory of a philosophical type and ideals, norms and characteristics of scientific knowledge are examined in detail. The revealed difference is extrapolated to the relationship between the theory of law as a product of scientific creativity and the philosophy of law as a construction that sets basic philosophical meanings. As an example of the foundations of the scientific theories of progress, state, morality and law developed by the philosophy of law and the state, the author gives the views and thinkers of the West European philosophical classics T. Hobbes, J.-J. Russo, I. Kant, G.V.F. Hegel. It was their philosophical concepts that predetermined the images of theoretical and historical-legal doctrines of the XVIII, XIX, XX and even the beginning of the XXI centuries. Thus, the attitude of the philosophy of law and the theory of law is built along the «vertical»: from the ontological foundation to the construction of theoretical and historical and historical legal scientific constructions.

CEPC Z-pole polarization design studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 2142003
Author(s):  
Wenhao Xia ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
Yiwei Wang ◽  
Dou Wang
Keyword(s):  
Beam Energy ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Transverse Polarization ◽  
Beam Polarization ◽  
Energy Measurement ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
Polarized Beam ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Schematic Design

In this paper, we give preliminary designs of beam polarization manipulations by inserting three different types of insertions in the Circular Electron–Positron Collider (CEPC) at center-of-mass energies of 91 GeV (Z-pole). With the wigglers in the collider ring, we can obtain 5% transverse polarization in 1.1 h for the precise energy measurement. To overcome depolarization effects as the beam energy rises from 10 GeV to 45.5 GeV in the booster ring, Siberian snakes based on helical magnets are adopted. Finally, for longitudinally polarized beam collisions, a schematic design of spin rotators based on solenoids in the collider ring is studied.

The Shaping of Popular Satisfaction with Government and Regime Performance in Germany

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS R. CUSACK
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Political System ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Government Performance ◽  
The West ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

The article focuses on citizens’ satisfaction with the German democratic political system. The empirical analysis reported supports the argument that the performance of the economy and the government affect popular satisfaction with the regime. In the East, satisfaction with the regime remains very low and dissatisfaction has spread into West Germany. In the West, the sources of this dissatisfaction are both economic developments and government performance; citizens modify their views on the system as a consequence of the government’s and the economy’s successes and failures. The dynamic is similar in the East. Economic strains, and the perception that the federal government is not making sufficient efforts to equalize living standards, have kept the Eastern population from committing themselves to the new unified political system.

Chinese development aid to Asia: Size and motives

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Ah Oh
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Territorial Dispute ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chinese Official

This research note empirically examines China’s development assistance to Asia, a region critical to China’s geostrategic ambition, from 2000 to 2014. It uses AidData’s Global Chinese Official Finance Dataset, one of the most reliable publicly available data sources on Chinese aid, which systematically collects and classifies different types of China’s official development finance. It is found that, despite a recent surge, China’s development assistance to Asia remains highly limited compared to that of Japan, Asia’s top donor, and that the economic sectors of energy, transport, and mining dominate financial flows. Econometric analysis results suggest that China’s aid allocation in Asia is influenced by its export relations, but, more importantly, that foreign policy considerations do not play a significant role, which is in contrast to the findings of recent work on Chinese aid to Africa. The results suggest that better measures may be needed to properly capture China’s strategic interests in Asia, including its involvement in the territorial dispute in the South China Sea.

A Steering Bogie for the British Rail Class 37 Locomotive

1986 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
K W Pennington ◽  
N A Harwood ◽  
D M Peat
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Rail Wear ◽  
Traditional Design ◽  
Practical Design

This paper describes the theoretical and practical design studies undertaken to improve the curving perfornrance of the British Rail Class 37 Co–Co locomotive to reduce expensive wheel and rail wear on the West Highland Line. Observatiomfrom preliminary performance trials with a locomotivejitted with prototype steering bogies are also discussed. It is shown how a traditional design can be improved through current theoretical understanding to provide a practical solution to an operating problem.

scholarly journals Discursive Power in Contemporary Media Systems: A Comparative Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Jungherr ◽  
Oliver Posegga ◽  
Jisun An
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Media System ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Contemporary Media ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
Discursive Power ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Contemporary media systems are in transition. The constellation of organizations, groups, and individuals contributing information to national and international news flows has changed as a result of the digital transformation. The “hybrid media system” has proven to be one of the most instructive concepts addressing this change. Its focus on the mutually dependent interconnections between various types of media organizations, actors, and publics has inspired prolific research. Yet the concept can tempt researchers to sidestep systematic analyses of information flows and actors’ differing degrees of influence by treating media systems as a black box. To enable large-scale, empirical comparative studies aimed at identifying interdependencies and power relationships in contemporary media systems, we propose the concept of discursive power. This describes the ability of contributors to communication spaces to introduce, amplify, and maintain topics, frames, and speakers, thus shaping public discourses and controversies that unfold in interconnected communication spaces. We also provide a theoretical framework of how structural features of organizations and media systems contribute to the emergence of discursive power for different types of actors in various contexts. This adds to the theoretical toolkit available to researchers interested in the empirical analysis of contemporary media systems.

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