scholarly journals Bridging Cultural Concepts of Nature: Indigenous People and Protected Spaces of Nature

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Sacred Places ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Fishing Rights ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
Nature Preservation ◽  
Environment Sustainability

National parks and other preserved spaces of nature have become iconic symbols of nature protection around the world. However, the worldviews of Indigenous peoples have been marginalized in discourses of nature preservation and conservation. As a result, for generations of Indigenous peoples, these protected spaces of nature have meant dispossession, treaty violations of hunting and fishing rights, and the loss of sacred places. Bridging Cultural Concepts of Nature brings together anthropologists and archaeologists, historians, linguists, policy experts, and communications scholars to discuss differing views and presents a compelling case for the possibility of more productive discussions on the environment, sustainability, and nature protection. Drawing on case studies from Scandinavia to Latin America and from North America to New Zealand, the volume challenges the old paradigm where Indigenous peoples are not included in the conservation and protection of natural areas and instead calls for the incorporation of Indigenous voices into this debate. This original and timely edited collection offers a global perspective on the social, cultural, economic, and environmental challenges facing Indigenous peoples and their governmental and NGO counterparts in the co-management of the planet’s vital and precious preserved spaces of nature.

scholarly journals ОСОБО ОХРАНЯЕМЫЕ ПРИРОДНЫЕ ТЕРРИТОРИИ И КОРЕННЫЕ НАРОДЫ: СПОСОБЫ РЕШЕНИЯ КОНФЛИКТОВ В СРАВНЕНИИ МЕЖДУ БРИТАНСКОЙ КОЛУМБИЕЙ (КАНАДА) И ПРИМОРСКИМ КРАЕМ (РОССИЯ)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
А.В. Бочарникова
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Sacred Places ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Industry And Commerce ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Hunting And Fishing

The aim of establishing of protected areas is the preservation of natural heritage. The small populations of indigenous peoples engaged in hunting, fishing, and reindeer herding are heavily dependent on natural conditions. Any territorial alterations associated with industry and commerce impact the indigenous economy. The indigenous peoples often have their original approaches to nature protection. Therefore, conflicts between the locals and the administration of protected areas happen frequently. The reasons of mutual misunderstanding include the lack of clearly delineated borderlines within protected areas, the necessity for the locals to abandon their hunting territories and constrains imposed on their traditional trades. Moreover, it is often hard for the indigenous peoples to accept emerging restrictions related to what has been ever belonging to their ancestors. After a protected area has been established, it often becomes an attraction for tourists unfamiliar with local traditions. There often sacred places in territories inhabited by the indigenous peoples. Strict rules must be observed by those who visit such places. Many problems are region-specific. Common problems include illegal deforestation, hunting and fishing and uncontrolled tourism. The present paper discusses more and less successful approaches to co-administration of protected areas.

Into Russian Nature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Roe
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
National Parks ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
National Park ◽  
World War ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Goals

Into Russian Nature examines the history of the Russian national park movement. Russian biologists and geographers had been intrigued with the idea of establishing national parks before the Great October Revolution but pushed the Soviet government successfully to establish nature reserves (zapovedniki) during the USSR’s first decades. However, as the state pushed scientists to make zapovedniki more “useful” during the 1930s, some of the system’s staunchest defenders started supporting tourism in them. In the decades after World War II, the USSR experienced a tourism boom and faced a chronic shortage of tourism facilities. Also during these years, Soviet scientists took active part in Western-dominated international environmental protection organizations, where they became more familiar with national parks. In turn, they enthusiastically promoted parks for the USSR as a means to reconcile environmental protection and economic development goals, bring international respect to Soviet nature protection efforts, and help instill a love for the country’s nature and a desire to protect it in Russian/Soviet citizens. By the late 1980s, their supporters pushed transformative, and in some cases quixotic, park proposals. At the same time, national park opponents presented them as an unaffordable luxury during a time of economic struggle, especially after the USSR’s collapse. Despite unprecedented collaboration with international organizations, Russian national parks received little governmental support as they became mired in land-use conflicts with local populations. While the history of Russia’s national parks illustrates a bold attempt at reform, the state’s failure’s to support them has left Russian park supporters deeply disillusioned.

scholarly journals The basin-landscape approach to the protection and condition optimization of the lakes of the national parks

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Landscape Approach ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Condition Optimization ◽  
Basin System

The essence of the basin-landscape approach to the protection of the lakes of the national parks as an actual direction of research, which is formed at the junction of nature protection landscaping, hydrology and geoecology has been substantiated. The research algorithm, peculiarities of analysis and assessment of the status of the lake-basin system (LBS) have been found out, the factors that worsen the geo-ecological state in the lake and basin subsystems have been revealed, optimization measures in the objects of the nature reserve fund located within the natural reserve have been substantiated. The purpose of the study is to determine the parameters of the structure of lake-basin landscapes (on the example of Zasvitske lake, Nobel National Natural Park, Ukraine), liminary and landscape-metric indicators of the geo-ecological status of the LBS and the factors influencing it as an information and analytical basis for ensuring the protection and management of the LBS located in nature conservation area. The materials of the study were the long-term field landscape-limnological and geo-ecological studies of the authors within the Polesia region of Ukraine and, in particular, the LBS of the Nobel National Nature Park. The research methodology was based on complex physical-geographical methods, hydrological profiling and creation of bathymetric models of reservoirs, hydrochemical diagnostics of water masses of the lakes, geochemical analyses of bottom sediments, landscape mapping using GIS-technologies. The results of geo-ecological (landscape-ecological) researches of the lake-basin system of Zasvitske lake have been presented, in particular, original profiles and bathymetric model of the reservoir, landscape maps of the aqual complex and the lake catchment, limno- and landscape characteristics of the LBS have been shown. Considering the level of anthropogenic transformations of the LBS and the presence of a high proportion of ecologically-stabilizing lands (forests, reservoirs of natural origin), the level of sustainability of the LBS is estimated as high. An assessment of the hydrological characteristics of the reservoir and hydrochemical characteristics allows to attribute this lake to an oligotrophic type. The results of a comprehensive analysis of the geo-ecological parameters of the state of Zasvitske lake and its landscape-limnological functioning indicate the expediency of recreational specialization of nature management in the Nobel National Park, that includes this lake. Scientific novelty. The application of proposed landscape-basin approach and the algorithm of the LBS study increase the possibilities of functional zoning of national parks with high index of lakes, as well as solving the problems of nature protection and optimization of nature management. Practical importance. The created electronic landscape maps and the base of limnometric parameters can be used as reference documents for the certification and cadastral evaluation of the transboundary protected areas of Ramsar type, geo-ecological monitoring and an integrated management of lakes by the basin approach in conditions of intense climate change.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Psychological Testing ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Special Populations ◽  
Educational Testing ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The World

Chapter 1 introduces the Handbook by reviewing the historical and contextual factors surrounding the development of international psychological and educational testing. This Handbook provides such a review in six sections, covering (a) overview and historical context, (b) domains of testing and assessment, (c) settings, (d) special populations, (e) methodological advances, and (f) problems and challenges. Within each of these sections, the chapters address the unique problems, issues, and challenges related to testing from an international and global perspective. Recognizing the importance of cultural and international contexts to a true and accurate psychology, the authors have described how cultural, economic, political, and social factors in different countries frame the science and practice of testing and assessment. As this is an international Handbook, the contributors have also been selected to represent not only different domains and settings of psychological testing, but also different geographical regions of the world.

Recreational fisheries activities and management in national parks: A global perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 125948
Author(s):  
Emina Alic ◽  
Lindsay L. Trottier ◽  
William M. Twardek ◽  
Lindsay L. Bennett ◽  
Sarah Chisholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Recreational Fisheries

scholarly journals The Resurgence of the Heritage of Indigenous Peoples of Thailand in the Aftermath of Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Marcelo Marques Miranda
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
World View ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hill Tribes ◽  
The One

The dichotomy between nature and culture in heritage and conservation is inappropriate in the case of indigenous peoples. Many natural sites are often considered sacred and consequently of both spiritual and biodiversity conservation significance. However, this dualist definition is the one usually imposed by nation states. Until 2002, Thailand’s development strategies involving indigenous peoples were mostly connected to what was referred to as the ‘hill tribes’ problems’. These strategies were designed without respecting indigenous peoples’ world views and concepts of good life. Consequently, a fragmentary world view was created among indigenous peoples. These issues are reflected in the establishment of national parks and ‘heritage sites’ as the lack of participation and consent generated many conflicts such as land tenure disputes, resettlement of the communities, difficulties in acquiring citizenship and cultural loss. As a counteracting measure, indigenous peoples have been creating community museums and organizations at local, regional and even transnational level to sustain their cultures and territories. This article suggests that heritage can play a role in a wide range of social, political and economic endeavours in our contemporary world and is used both by nation states to legitimize their interests and by indigenous peoples to legitimize struggles for self-determination.

scholarly journals John Muir

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen M. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Core Values ◽  
First Century ◽  
John Muir ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
City Parks ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Nature Preservation ◽  
Do So

A century after John Muir’s death, Glen MacDonald examines his legacy and argues that while Muir’s message of the value of wilderness to society might need to evolve for a twenty-first century audience, it is still relevant. For instance, Muir believed in the transformative power of visiting remote wildernesses such as Yosemite and urged everyone to do so, and his conception of nature preservation as preserving nature in a specific moment in time is now understood to be misguided. His specific prescriptions for relating to the natural world now seem old-fashioned, but his core values and his passion for getting Californians out in nature is just as important today, whether those natural places are national parks or city parks.

scholarly journals Ecosystem Health Assessment of Shennongjia National Park, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7672
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
Peng Hou ◽  
Jinbao Jiang ◽  
Rulin Xiao ◽  
Jun Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Ecosystem Health Assessment ◽  
Health Level ◽  
Rate Of Improvement

Ecosystem health assessment is an important part of improving the management of national parks. In this paper, Shennongjia National Park is taken as the study region. By using satellite remote sensing data from 2000 to 2018, based on the Vitality Organization Resilience (VOR) model, an ecosystem health assessment is created and its spatiotemporal characteristics are analyzed. In the whole region, the ecosystem’s health level has gradually improved; the rate of improvement of the ecosystem’s health level from 2016 to 2018 has been 2.5-times that of the overall rate and the trend of improvement has been obvious. The rate of improvement of the ecosystem’s health level of non-nature protection areas has improved two-fold; the same is true of nature protection areas, and the stability change trend of the two areas has basically been the same. The establishment of national parks has played a significant role in promoting the health of the regional ecosystem. In future planning, relevant departments should pay attention to the ecological protection and restoration of the area and optimize the traditional area layout of Shennongjia National Park.

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