scholarly journals Structure Formation After the Era of Cosmic Matter Recombination

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Acoustic Oscillation ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Neutral Gas ◽  
Hubble Expansion ◽  
Oscillation Modes ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

In an aforegoing paper (Fahr and Heyl, 2021) we have studied in physical details the event of cosmic matter recombination expected at about 400000 years after the Big Bang at cosmic photon redshifts of about zr =1000. It turned out there, that photons taken as surely cooling by permanent increase of their cosmic redshifts, while electrons and protons partly are cooled by Thomson scatter processes with photons, but partly are heated due to the Hubble expansion of the universe. It can be shown, however, that in this cosmic epoch the cooling of electrons and protons is much more effective than the heating, and that a recombination of cosmic matter to neutral H-atoms thus is unavoidable. We then show, however, that the neutral gas atoms do not couple anymore to the cosmic CMB photon field, but instead are subject only to the Hubble migration in velocity space and thus become heated again. The question then poses itself, how cosmic structure formation in a gas with decreasing density and increasing temperature should have been able to take place. Where did the galaxies and clusters of galaxies come from? Looking into the unstable, self-gravitating acoustic oscillation modes we find the answer at what cosmic times which magnitudes of self gravitating critical masses can have been produced that could have sustained till the present times.

scholarly journals The Hubble expansion as ascribed to mutual magnetic induction between neighboring galaxies

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Bostick
Keyword(s):  
Spiral Galaxies ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Hubble Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Barred Spiral Galaxies ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

A 32-year-old hypothesis of the formation of barred-spiral galaxies (Bostick 1957, 1958, 1986; Laurence, 1956) which become coherent-self-exciting homopolar generators has recently gained confirmative support from 3-D, particle-in-cell computer simulations (Nielsen et al. 1979; Buneman et al. 1980; Peratt et al. 1980, 1984, 1986). Such galaxies should be able to convert an appreciable fraction, f, of the energy from their gravitationally-collapsing plasmas to coherently-increasing magnetic energy via their coherent, self-exciting, homopolar-generator action. The following simple calculation shows that the resulting mutually-induced magnetic repulsions (Len's law) between neighboring galaxies is greater than the gravitational attractive forces between the galaxies. The observed expansion of the Universe can be thus simply accounted for without recourse to the ‘Big Bang’ hypothesis, with its unaccounted-for mysteries.

The Expansion of the Universe

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Alvaro De Rújula
Keyword(s):  
Big Bang ◽  
Peculiar Velocities ◽  
Hubble Expansion ◽  
Astrophysical Objects ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Apparent Similarity ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Expansion Of Space

Hubble’s realm of the Nebulae (i.e., galaxies). Hubble’s predecessors: Lemaître and Slipher. The Hubble expansion constant. The apparent similarity between the Big Bang and an explosion. The expansion of space itself. “Where” did the Big Bang bang? “Before” the Big Bang. Luminosity distances to astrophysical objects. A detailed discussion of cosmological redshifts. Peculiar velocities. Current measurements of expansion with Type 1a supernovae.

scholarly journals Dynamo effects in gravity

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Boris Shevtsov
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Nonlinear Oscillations ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Baryon Asymmetry ◽  
System Of Equations ◽  
Fractal Structures ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Made In

Nonlinear oscillations in the dynamic system of gravitational and material fields are considered. The problems of singularities and caustics in gravity, expansion and baryon asymmetry of the Universe, wave prohibition of collapse into black holes, and failure of the Big Bang concept are discussed. It is assumed that the effects of the expansion of the Universe are coupling with the reverse collapse of dark matter. This hypothesis is used to substantiate the vortex and fractal structures in the distribution of matter. A system of equations is proposed for describing turbulent and fluctuation processes in gravitational and material fields. Estimates of the di usion parameters of such a system are made in comparison with the gravitational constant.

scholarly journals Is the expansion of universe accelerating or the Photons decelerating?

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Hasmukh Tank
Keyword(s):  
Big Bang ◽  
Time Dilation ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Pi Mesons ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

<p>Astronomical observations of the cosmological red-shift are currently interpreted in terms of ‘expansion of universe’ and ‘accelerated-expansion of the universe’, at the rate of <em>H<sub>0</sub> c</em>; here <em>H<sub>0</sub></em> is Hubble’s constant, and c is the speed of light. Whereas a straight-forward derivation presented here suggests that: rather it is the photon which is decelerating, at the rate of <em>H<sub>0</sub> c</em>. Such a deceleration of photons can be caused by virtual electrons, positrons and pi-mesons, contained in the extra galactic quantum vacuum, because: they do have gravitational-acceleration of the same order as <em>H<sub>0</sub> c</em> at their “surfaces”; or by decay of a photon into a lighter photon and a particle of mass <em>h H<sub>0</sub> / c<sup>2</sup></em>. Tired-light interpretations of the cosmological red-shift’ were so far considered as not compatible with the observations of ‘time-dilation of super-novae light-curves’; so in a paper titled: “Wave-theoretical insight into the relativistic ‘length-contraction’ and ‘time-dilation of super-novae light-curves’” (Tank, Hasmukh K. 2013), it has been already shown that any mechanism which can cause ‘cosmological red-shift’ will also cause ‘time-dilation of super-novae light-curves’.  Therefore, we now need not to remain confined to the Big-Bang model of cosmology.</p>

Deuterium in the Galaxy

1977 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Great Majority ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Baryon Density ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Sensitive Function ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
Deuterium Production ◽  
The Universe

There have been a number of attempts made in the last decade or two to observe deuterium in parts of the universe other than here in Earth. It is of interest merely to detect deuterium elsewhere just as it is to detect the occurrence of any nuclide. However in the case of deuterium there is a special interest because in big-bang cosmologies the great majority of deuterium in the universe is considered to have been formed in the initial fireball (Wagoner, 1973). Any observation of the present abundance of deuterium thus might give information about the very early stages of the creation of the universe. Detailed studies of nucleosynthesis during the early expansion of hot big-bang universes have however indicated a particular feature of deuterium production. (Fig. 1) The mass fraction produced X(D) is a very sensitive function of the size of the universe, as measured say by the present baryon density ϱb. Other nuclides that are mainly produced in the early expansion, such as 4He, have mass fractions less dependent on ϱb. Thus if we adopt the big-bang model for our universe we can determine ϱb from observations of X(D). Apart from any intrinsic interest in the present density of the’universe, there is considerable interest in whether the value is great enough for the present expansion to halt and go over to a collapse — or so small that the expansion of the universe will go on forever.

scholarly journals Dark Matter in the Universe

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera C. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Deceleration Parameter ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Theoretical Cosmology ◽  
Observational Cosmology ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

Thirty years ago, observational cosmology consisted of the search for two numbers: Ho, the rate of expansion of the universe at the position of the Galaxy; and qo, the deceleration parameter. Twenty years ago, the discovery of the relic radiation from the Big Bang produced another number, 3oK. But it is the past decade which has seen the enormous development in both observational and theoretical cosmology. The universe is known to be immeasurably richer and more varied than we had thought. There is growing acceptance of a universe in which most of the matter is not luminous. Nature has played a trick on astronomers, for we thought we were studying the universe. We now know that we were studying only the small fraction of it that is luminous. I suspect that this talk this evening is the first IAU Discourse devoted to something that astronomers cannot see at any wavelength: Dark Matter in the Universe.

scholarly journals A Physico-Chemical Approach To Understanding Cosmic Evolution: Thermodynamics  Of Expansion And Composition Of The Universe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Melendres
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
State Parameter ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Fundamental Particles ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Cooling Phase ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

Abstract We present a physico-chemical approach towards understanding the mysteries associated with the Inflationary Big Bang model of Cosmic evolution based on a theory that space consists of energy quanta. We use thermodynamics to elucidate the expansion of the universe, its composition, and the nature of dark energy and dark matter. The universe started from an atomic size volume of space quanta at very high temperature. Upon expansion and cooling, phase transitions resulted in the formation of fundamental particles, and matter which grow into stars, galaxies, and clusters due to gravity. From cooling data on the universe, we constructed a thermodynamic phase diagram of composition of the universe, from which we obtained a correlation between dark energy and the energy of space. Using Friedmann’s equations, our Quantum Space model fitted well the WMAP data on cosmic composition with an equation of state parameter, w= -0.7. The expansion of the universe was adiabatic and decelerating during the first 7 billion years after the Big Bang. It accelerated due to the dominance of dark energy at 7.25 x 109 years, in good agreement with BOSS measurements. Dark Matter is identified as a plasma form of matter similar to that which existed before recombination and during reionization.

scholarly journals How Fast Is the Distance between Earth and the Sun Changing in the Solar System?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Henry ◽  
Mesut Yurukcu ◽  
George Nnanna
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Clusters Of Galaxies ◽  
Expanding Universe ◽  
Milky Way Galaxy ◽  
Big Bang Theory ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe ◽  
A Current

This paper aims to investigate the rate of expansion and extraction within the solar system. We carried out the Solar system expansion calculations to do such a review. The Universe is expected to look the same from every point in it. After the big bang, Universe is expanding at some speed. Astrophysicists have been in a race to measure precisely how fast the Universe is expanding since Hubble announced that galaxies were systematically moving away from Milky Way Galaxy with a current speed in 1929. Hubble&rsquo;s observations came after Einstein&rsquo;s general relativity, which inspired the big bang theory. According to the Big Bang theory, the Universe has created billions of years ago with an explosion and started to expand until today. The expansion of the Universe mostly happens in vast spaces, so clusters of galaxies move away from each other. For example, raising bread during baking will expand, but the raisings will stay the same size while moving each other to expand the bread. Observers have proven that an object (galaxies, a cluster of planets) held together by gravity has a patch of nonexpanding space produced by a gravitational field. However, some observers claimed the solar system is not expanding, while others claimed it is expanding. Does our solar system expand in an expanding Universe? The cosmological expansion of local systems is reviewed in the modern cosmological models. We showed answers related to this question with the help of literature. This review article revisited the proof of the Solar System&rsquo;s expansion and its speed with about 0.32 nm/s in an expanding Universe.

scholarly journals The Big Bang May Had Never Existed

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Salah A. Mabkhout
Keyword(s):  
Big Bang ◽  
Singular Points ◽  
Cosmological Redshift ◽  
Flat Spacetime ◽  
Hyperbolic Spacetime ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Distance Indicator ◽  
Big Bang Model ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

The main pillar of the Big Bang paradigm is the expansion of the Universe predicted by the cosmological redshift. Singularity is inevitable in the Big Bang model. The Universe is hyperbolic as we did prove mathematically; where the cosmological redshift is no longer a distance indicator. After all, in the hyperbolic spacetime a group of objects would grow apart even when not moving as their worldlines would be divergent. We show the manifold of the hyperbolic Universe is complete with no singular points. While the distance horizon in the Big Bang flat spacetime is finite, the distance horizon is infinite in the hyperbolic universe. The pillars of the big Bang and its consequences had been refuted and disproved or reinterpreted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document