Space, Matter and Interactions in a Quantum Early Universe Part I: Kac–Moody and Borcherds Algebras

We introduce a quantum model for the universe at its early stages, formulating a mechanism for the expansion of space and matter from a quantum initial condition, with particle interactions and creation driven by algebraic extensions of the Kac–Moody Lie algebra e9. We investigate Kac–Moody and Borcherds algebras, and we propose a generalization that meets further requirements that we regard as fundamental in quantum gravity.

Rate of losing energy in Quantum Redshift

The paper simulates the losing energy of the electromagnetic waves in a non-expansion space and no gravitational Redshift. We use the distance and Redshift of 93,060 nearby space objects, including stars, quasars, white dwarfs, and carbon stars, for obtaining the rate of losing the energy of their waves during traveling in space. Quantum Redshift disagrees expansion of space and describes Redshift by losing the energy of electromagnetic waves over time. In the Quantum Redshift, regardless of the material and type of the space objects (stars, quasars, white dwarfs, and carbon stars), the Redshift depends on the distance and temperature of the space objects, and the temperature of space. We have used SIMBAD Astronomical Database. We have retrieved this information from almost 2,200,000 records. The objects' temperature is between 671 and 99,575 K. The distance of the objects is between 413.13 and 0.5 (mas). The paper obtains the average rate of losing the waves' energy for different objects in different distances. The results show that by increasing the distance of space objects, the rate of losing the energy of their electromagnetic waves will be decreased. The paper inspires investigating the expansion space theory by the Quantum Redshift.

Unexpected Redshift of nearby stars

We report a list of nearby stars whose Redshift is too much higher than other nearby stars based on an analysis of 58,916 stars. We have used SIMBAD Astronomical Database and obtained this information from 1.4 million records. The data indicate that the Redshift of the almost 200 stars does not completely correlate with distance, and there are some exceptions. The high Redshift of nearby stars questions expansion of space and the Hubble constant.

Comunicación videoescénica: la enunciación audiovisual en el teatro

This research analyzes the use of audiovisual technology in the context of the video-scenic drama, a hybrid product that results from the integration of audiovisual enunciation in theatrical representation. The purpose is to determine the modifications that the audiovisual projection introduces in the fundamental components of the drama and in its construction phases. Through the in-depth interview or scientific interview, data has been collected from ten experts in the field of theatrical creation. Once analyzed, exposes a specific poetic that rules the construction of the video-scenic drama, focused on a figurative expansion of the character's action and an expansion of space and time, based on the fragmentation and flexibility of the audiovisual image. Similarly, it has been shown that the use of audiovisuals broadens the elective possibilities of the stage director and forces to establish of new constructive strategies.

On Carboniferous Gigantism and Atomic Shrinking

A long standing problem in paleontology is the presence of giant arthropods during the so-called carboniferous era. The same difficulty occurs for the size of plants at the same period. We devise a possible answer to this question entirely different from the theories developed until now, based on the hypothesis that the size of atoms is decaying for very large times and the dimensions of polymers such as chitin and cellulose, containing expansible holes, are decreasing more slowly than rigid materials such as metals, alloys, composite materials and stone. Incidentally, this hypothesis might also give an alternative statement to the expansion of space.

On Carboniferous Gigantism and Atomic Shrinking

A long standing problem in paleontology is the presence of giant arthropods during the so-called carboniferous era. The same difficulty occurs for the size of plants at the same period. We devise a possible answer to this question entirely different from the theories developed until now, based on the hypothesis that the size of atoms is decaying for very large times and the dimensions of polymers such as chitin and cellulose, containing expansible holes, are decreasing more slowly than rigid materials such as metals, alloys, composite materials and stone. Incidentally, this hypothesis might also give an alternative statement to the expansion of space.

The Expansion of the Universe

Hubble’s realm of the Nebulae (i.e., galaxies). Hubble’s predecessors: Lemaître and Slipher. The Hubble expansion constant. The apparent similarity between the Big Bang and an explosion. The expansion of space itself. “Where” did the Big Bang bang? “Before” the Big Bang. Luminosity distances to astrophysical objects. A detailed discussion of cosmological redshifts. Peculiar velocities. Current measurements of expansion with Type 1a supernovae.