scholarly journals The Use of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization Verse Massage and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching Techniques on Improving Hamstring Flexibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Muscle Tightness ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility ◽  
Soft Tissue Mobilization ◽  
Over Time

Context: Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM), massage and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching are interventions commonly used to address chronic muscle tightness and fascial restrictions. The efficacies of these interventions have not been well established. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two manual therapy approaches, IASTM and Massage with PNF stretching (MAS/PNF) in improving hamstring muscle tightness and subjective reporting of tightness in physically active individuals. Design: Single blinded randomized, controlled, repeated-measures design, where group and treated limb were randomized. Setting: University athletic training clinic. Participants: Twenty healthy subjects (8 men, 12 women; mean age, 23.5±7.91 years) with bilateral hamstring tightness (measured using active knee extension (AKE)). Intervention: Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups, IASTM (n=12) and MAS/PNF (n=8). Both treatments consisted of a unilateral 10 minutes treatment to the posterior leg. The subject’s untreated limb was the control. The authors measured pain levels (Visual Analog Scale (VAS)), general disability (Disablement in Physically Active Scale (DPAS), and perceived improvements in muscle tightness (Global Rate of Change (GRC)) at four different times (Pre, Post, 24hrs, 48hrs). A single blinded assessor collected all measurements. Main Outcome Measures: A repeated measures analysis of variance determined within-subjects factors between AKE and time (Pre, Post, 24hrs, 48hrs), limb (Treated vs. Control), and group (IASTM vs. MAS/PNF). Kruskal-Wallis H test analyzed data collected from the patient reported measures. Results: The authors found significant main effects between time (F=14.386, P< .001), limb (F=4.717, P=.043) and time-by-limb (F=11.233, P<.000), and AKE measurements. The treated limb of both groups demonstrated significant improvements in AKE compared to control limb. However the time by treatment interaction was not significant, indicating that both treatments groups changed similarly over time (P=.078). There was no difference in mean AKE between the treatment groups over time (F=4.717, P=.714). Significant within-subjects differences in VAS score were revealed for time (F=6.51, P=.000) and for time by group (F=4.46, P=.003). A significant treatment-by-time effect was revealed for the VAS during the treatment (F=10.47, P=.005). The IASTM group reported significantly higher discomfort during the treatment compared to the MAS/PNF group (P=.044). There was no statistically significant difference in the DPAS between the IASTM and MAS/PNF treatments, (post, p=.230; 24hrs, p=.475; 48hrs, p=.786). There was also no difference in GRC for perceived muscle tightness between groups over time (post, p=.321; 24hrs; p=.326; 48hrs, p=.609). Concusion: Both IASTM and MAS/PNF interventions were effective in increasing hamstring flexibility immediately post treatment, which was retained for up to 48 hours. There were no significant differences between the magnitudes of improvement, DPAS, or GRC between the interventions, but those within the IASTIM group reported more discomfort during the treatment.

Does soft tissue mobilization assist static stretching to improve hamstring flexibility? A randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibili Nuhmani
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility ◽  
Soft Tissue Mobilization ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractObjectivesObjective of the study is to investigate whether Soft tissue mobilization (STM) can assist with static stretching to improve hamstring flexibly.MethodsThe design of the study was repeated measure design. The study was conducted at the physical therapy laboratory of Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi. Participants included 78 healthy males with hamstring tightness, randomly assigned to either the control group (static stretching) or the experimental group (STM and static stretching). The experimental group received five sets of four different STM techniques, followed by two sets of 30-s static stretches 3 days per week over the course of 12 weeks. The control group received 5 min of sham ultrasound with an inactive probe prior to static stretching. Active knee extension test (AKE) was the outcome measure.ResultsBoth groups showed significant improvement in AKE compared with the baseline measurements. With ingroup analysis showed a significant difference in AKE across all measured time periods (weeks 4, 8, and 12) with pre-test in both groups (p<0.05). No significant difference in AKE improvement was found between groups (p>0.05).ConclusionThe results of this study show that STM prior to static stretching does not significantly improve hamstring flexibility among healthy individuals. Although this study cannot be generalized, the results may be useful for evidence-based practice in the management of hamstring tightness.

scholarly journals Soft Tissue Mobilization and Stretching for Shoulder in CrossFitters: A Randomized Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Marcos Jusdado-García ◽  
Rubén Cuesta-Barriuso
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit ◽  
Posterior Shoulder ◽  
Soft Tissue Mobilization

Background. The shoulder in CrossFit should have a balance between mobility and stability. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit and posterior shoulder stiffness are risk factors for overhead shoulder injury. Objective. To determine the effectiveness of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization and horizontal adduction stretch in CrossFit practitioners’ shoulders. Methods: Twenty-one regular CrossFitters were allocated to experimental (stretching with isometric contraction and instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization) or control groups (instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization). Each session lasted 5 min, 2 days a week, over a period of 4 weeks. Shoulder internal rotation and horizontal adduction (digital inclinometer), as well as posterior shoulder stretch perception (Park scale), were evaluated. Shapiro–Wilk test was used to analyze the distribution of the sample. Parametric Student’s t-test was used to obtain the intragroup differences. The inter- and intra-rater differences were calculated using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results. Average age was 30.81 years (SD: 5.35), with an average height of 178 (SD: 7.93) cm and average weight of 82.69 (SD: 10.82) kg. Changes were found in the experimental group following intervention (p < 0.05), and when comparing baseline and follow-up assessments (p < 0.05) in all variables. Significant differences were found in the control group following intervention (p < 0.05), in right horizontal adduction and left internal rotation. When comparing the perception of internal rotation and horizontal adduction in both groups, significant differences were found. Conclusions. Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization can improve shoulder horizontal adduction and internal rotation. An instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization technique yields the same results alone as those achieved in combination with post-isometric stretch with shoulder adduction.

scholarly journals Effects of Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Facemask Therapy on the Soft Tissue Profiles of Class III Patients at Different Growth Stages

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Fatma Selen Ozzeybek Can ◽  
Hakan Turkkahraman
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Rapid Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Facial Changes ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and facemask therapy on the soft tissue profiles of class III patients at different growth stages. Materials and Methods Forty-five subjects (23 females and 22 males) were divided into prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal groups. Bonded type RME appliances and Petit-type facemasks were fitted to each patient, and intraoral elastics were applied from the hooks of the RME appliance to the facemask. Statistical Analysis All measurements were statistically analyzed with SPSS version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States) for Windows. Repeated-measures of ANOVA and posthoc Tukey tests were used to compare the groups. Results The soft tissue nasion, pronasale, subnasale, soft tissue A point, and labrale superior landmarks were all displaced forward and downward, and the most dramatic changes were recorded in the pubertal group. The labrale inferior, soft tissue B point, soft tissue pogonion, and soft tissue menton landmarks moved backward and downward in all groups, and the greatest displacements were observed in the pubertal group. Conclusions The soft tissue profiles improved significantly and became more convex in all treatment groups. Although, the most favorable facial changes were observed in the pubertal growth stage, the treatments applied in the postpubertal stage also elicited significant changes and should thus be considered viable treatment options.

Effects of a 4-Week Dynamic-Balance-Training Program Supplemented With Graston Instrument-Assisted Soft-Tissue Mobilization for Chronic Ankle Instability

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Schaefer ◽  
Michelle A. Sandrey
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Soft Tissue Mobilization

Context:A dynamic-balance-training (DBT) program supplemented with the Graston instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization (GISTM) technique has not been evaluated collectively as a treatment in subjects with chronic ankle instability (CAI).Objective:To examine the effects of GISTM in conjunction with a DBT program on outcomes associated with CAI, including pain and disability, range of motion (ROM), and dynamic postural control.Design:Pretest/posttest, repeated measures.Setting:High school and a Division I mid-Atlantic university.Participants:Thirty-six healthy, physically active individuals (5 female, 31 male; age 17.7 ± 1.9 y; height 175.3 ± 14.6 cm) with a history of CAI as determined by an ankle-instability questionnaire volunteered to be in this study.Interventions:Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 intervention groups: both treatments (DBT/GISTM, n = 13), DBT and a sham GISTM treatment (DBT/GISTM-S, n = 12), or DBT and control—no GISTM (DBT/C, n = 11). All groups participated in a 4-wk DBT program consisting of low-impact and dynamic activities that was progressed from week to week. The DBT/GISTM and DBT/GISTM-S groups received the GISTM treatment or sham treatment twice a week for 8 min before performing the DBT program. Pretest and posttest measurements included the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), FAAM Sport, the visual analog scale (VAS), ankle ROM in 4 directions, and the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) in 3 directions.Main Outcome Measures:FAAM and FAAM-Sport scores, VAS, goniometric ROM (plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, eversion), and SEBT (anterior, posteromedial, posterolateral).Results:Subjects in all groups posttest demonstrated an increase in FAAM, FAAM Sport, ROM, and SEBT in all directions but not in VAS, which decreased. No other results were significant.Conclusion:For subjects with CAI, dynamic postural control, ROM, pain and disability improved pretest to posttest regardless of group membership, with the largest effects found in most measures in the DBT/GISTM group.

scholarly journals Soft Tissue Mobilization and Stretching for Shoulder in CrossFitters: a Randomized Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Jusdado-García ◽  
Ruben Cuesta-Barriuso
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit ◽  
Posterior Shoulder ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Soft Tissue Mobilization

Background. Shoulder in CrossFit should have a balance between mobility and stability. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit and posterior shoulder stiffness are risk factors for overhead shoulder injury. Objective. To determine the effectiveness of instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization and horizontal adduction stretch in CrossFit practitioners&rsquo; shoulders. Methods: Twenty-one regular CrossFitters were allocated to experimental (stretching with isometric contraction and instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization) or control group (instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization). Each session lasted 5 minutes, 2 days a week, over a period of 4 weeks. Shoulder internal rotation and horizontal adduction (digital inclinometer), and posterior shoulder stretch perception (Park scale) were evaluated. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to analyze the distribution of the sample. Parametric student's t-test was used to obtain the intragroup differences. The inter- and intra-rater differences were calculated using a repeated measures ANOVA. Results. Changes were found in the experimental group following intervention (p &lt; 0.05), and when comparing baseline and follow-up assessments (p &lt; .05) in all variables. Significant differences were found in the control group following intervention (p &lt; 0.05), in right horizontal adduction and left internal rotation. When comparing perception of internal rotation and horizontal adduction in both groups in the three assessments significant differences were found. Conclusions. Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization can improve shoulder horizontal adduction and internal rotation. An instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization technique yields the same results alone as those achieved in combination with post-isometric stretch with shoulder adduction.

scholarly journals Comparison between Gradual Reduced Nicotine Content and Usual Nicotine Content Groups on Subjective Cigarette Ratings in a Randomized Double-Blind Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7047
Author(s):  
Wenxue Lin ◽  
Nicolle M. Krebs ◽  
Junjia Zhu ◽  
Jonathan Foulds ◽  
Kimberly Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Subjective Responses ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Nicotine Reduction

In 2018, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking to reduce nicotine in tobacco products to produce a minimally addictive or nonaddictive effect, but there was a research gap in the subjective responses of reduced-nicotine-content cigarettes. We compared the responses of the modified cigarette evaluation questionnaire (mCEQ) and cigarette-liking scale (CLS) between the gradually reduced nicotine content (RNC) group and the usual nicotine content (UNC) group. Linear mixed-effects models for repeated measures were used to analyze and compare the change over time for the mCEQ and CLS across the two treatment groups (RNC and UNC). We found that the change over time for the mCEQ and CLS was significant between the RNC and the UNC treatment groups at the beginning of visit 6 with 1.4 mg nicotine/cigarette. At visits 8 and 9, the RNC group reported significantly lower satisfaction scores compared to UNC. Subscale analysis showed that smoking satisfaction decreased in RNC while other measures, such as cigarette enjoyment, did not change. Understanding the impact of nicotine reduction on cigarette subjective responses through evaluation and liking scales would provide valuable information to the FDA on nicotine reduction policies for cigarettes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document