Evaluation of Nutritional Quality and Adaptation of Several Native Plant Species of Kuwait to the Farming System as Potential Livestock Feed

The native vegetation of Kuwait is well adapted to hyper arid environment and once these naturally vegetated plants are managed properly these may be considered potential candidates as animal feed. Bringing the neglected and underutilized native plant species into animal food chain is promising. Considering the importance of some native plants, five native forage species (Cenchrus ciliaris, Cenchrus setigerus, Lasiurus scindicus, Panicum turgidum and Pennisetum divisum) were compared to widely used exotic forage species Panicum virgatum to measure the effects of fall (October) vs spring (March) planting on the biomass yield and the nutritive value. The results indicate that four species, C. setigerus, C. ciliaris, L. scindicus and P. divisum, showed a higher dry matter production in the spring planting season with relative increase in the nutritive values, i.e., NDF, ADF, fat, protein and ash concentrations as compared to P. virgatum. In general fall season planting, decreased the dry matter production and the nutritive values compared to the spring season. These findings provided opportunities to utilize the natural resources for increasing and or improving livestock feed supply. There is potential for growers to integrate these local forage species into their forage production system.

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Influence of glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of Panicum maximum cultivars

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000812017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Suzete Fernandes Lima ◽

Leandro Spíndola Pereira ◽

Gustavo Dorneles Sousa ◽

Simonny Araújo Vasconcelo ◽

Adriano Jakelaitis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Block Design ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Forage Species

ABSTRACT: The use of herbicide underdoses allows minimizing the competition of grasses on annual crops, enabling simultaneous cultivation. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of the initial growth of three Panicum maximum cultivars aiming at the integrated cultivation, in addition to the effects of forage species on the incidence and development of weeds. Three field experiments were conducted. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications and eight treatments consisting of increasing glyphosate doses (0, 54, 108, 270, 378, 540, 756, and 1,080 g a.e. ha−1). An atrazine dose of 1,200 g a.i. ha−1 was added to each treatment. Plant phytotoxicity assessments were performed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application. At 80 and 125 days after sowing, the assessments of total dry matter production, leaf dry matter, stem dry matter, and leaf to stem ratio were carried out, in addition to density and dry matter production of weed community. Glyphosate underdoses below 215, 65, and 90 g a.e. ha-1 have a potential to be investigated aiming at the management of P. maximum cv. Atlas, P. maximum cv. Mombasa, and P. maximum cv. Tanzania under intercropping. The three forage species are effective in suppressing weeds.

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Introduced forage species herbage dry matter production and chemical composition at two moist savannah sites in Ghana

Annales de Zootechnie ◽

10.1051/animres:19950501 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 44 (Suppl. 1) ◽

pp. 31-31

Author(s):

P. Barnes

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Matter Production ◽

Forage Species

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Agronomic characterization of sweet potato accessions

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v8i1.1864 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 116 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pablo Forlan Vargas ◽

Dumon Ramiro Zanetti Godoy ◽

Luis Carlos Ferreira de Almeida ◽

Renata Castoldi

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Sweet Potatoes ◽

High Dry Matter ◽

Matter Production ◽

Native Populations ◽

Action Strategies ◽

Animal Consumption

The agronomic characterization of a genotype set is one of the basic steps to start a breeding program, as action strategies to search for new cultivars are defined through the knowledge of these characteristics. Thus, the aim of this study was to rescue and assess agronomic performance in accessions collected in traditional communities. Sweet potatoes were collected among “quilombos”, indigenous villages, native populations and small farmers from Vale do Ribeira. The study was conducted at UNESP, Registro Campus, from February/2013 to August/2014. The experiment was set in a randomized blocks design with 95 accessions, two commercial cultivars, Brazlândia Branca and Brazlândia Roxa (controls), with three repetitions. Total commercial roots production, percentage of commercial roots production, total roots dry matter production, roots dry matter percentage, fresh branches production, total dry matter production in branches and dry matter percentage in branches were assessed. Accessions VR13-62, VR13-61, VR13-44, VR13-11 and VR13-14 demonstrated characteristics of roots for consumption and VR13-11 and VR13-14 for industry consumption due to the high dry matter percentage obtained per hectare; VR13-35, VR13-87 and VR13-22 are adequate for animal feed purposes. VR13-11, VR13-22 and VR13-58 accessions can be used for human and animal consumption; VR13-48 was suitable for home and industry consumption; and VR13-4 and VR13-31 was suitable for animal feed and industry consumption.

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Zero-tillage establishment of alfalfa and meadow bromegrass as influenced by previous annual grain crop

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps94-094 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 521-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

C. L. Allen ◽

M. H. Entz

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Straw Management ◽

Crop Establishment ◽

Previous Crop ◽

Matter Production ◽

Forage Species ◽

Tillage System ◽

Meadow Bromegrass

Conventional forage establishment techniques (i.e. preseeding tillage) can result in soil erosion and inefficient water use during the establishment period, and may result in poor plant establishment. Using a zero-tillage (ZT) system may overcome these limitations. The first experiment, conducted under favourable post-seeding moisture conditions, compared establishment, plant development, growth, and dry matter production of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteneii Roem and Shult.) under ZT and conventional tillage (CT) following three different annual crops. Significant previous crop × tillage system interactions in both years, indicated that forage crop establishment and dry matter production were lower under ZT than CT when the preceding crop was wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), however, no significant differences were observed when the preceding crop was either field pea (Pisum sativum L.) or canola (Brassica napus L.). Significant previous crop × forage species interactions for crop establishment indicated that while alfalfa was unaffected by previous crop type, emergence of meadow bromegrass was reduced when wheat was the previous crop. Significant previous crop × tillage system interactions for plant development indicated that development of both forage species was temporarily delayed under ZT when wheat was the previous crop. No treatment effects were observed for year after establishment dry matter production. A second experiment, conducted under conditions of post-seeding drought, assessed the impact of spring wheat straw management on establishment of alfalfa and meadow bromegrass under CT and ZT. Superior establishment of both alfalfa and meadow bromegrass under ZT was attributed to higher levels of soil water under ZT. Straw management (removal vs. returned to land) had no effect on either forage species. Results of these studies indicate that ZT is a feasible alternative for establishing forage crops, even where levels of previous crop residue are very high. Key words: Direct-seeding, straw management, wheat, canola, field pea, Haun stage, forage

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Biomassa de Plantas Daninhas Emergidas em Solo Solarizado

Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde ◽

10.17921/1415-6938.2020v24n1p54-58 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 54-58

Author(s):

Clodoaldo Moreno Paixão ◽

Carlos Alberto Rezende Conelian ◽

Joás Dos Santos Soares ◽

Juliana Maria Defanti Petrazzini ◽

Valéria Cristina Horbach

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Mass Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Soil Solarization ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Completely Randomized Design

O crescimento da agricultura orgânica, associado às mudanças de padrões de consumo e exigência dos consumidores evidencia um aumento da demanda por alimentos livres de resíduos de agrotóxicos e que apresentem menores riscos à saúde e ao meio ambiente. No entanto, por outro lado, a disponibilidade de métodos alternativos ao controle químico de plantas daninhas, entre outros organismos indesejáveis aos cultivos, ainda é um grande desafio. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da solarização sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento inicial de plantas daninhas, oriundas de propágulos presentes no solo. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade de Cuiabá, entre os dias 18/01/2018 e 22/02/2018. Foi adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos testados correspondem a cinco tempos de solarização do solo, sendo esses: testemunha (sem solarização), solarização por 7 dias, 14 dias, 21 dias e 28 dias. Os resultados mostraram que a solarização pode ser aplicada para a supressão de plantas daninhas. Os efeitos são variados e dependem do tempo de solarização e da espécie da planta. A solarização do solo por 14 dias demonstrou redução acima de 90% da produção de massa de matéria seca de Cyperus rotundus e a solarização por 28 dias demonstrou redução de aproximadamente 70% da produção de massa de matéria seca de Chamaesyce hirta. Palavras-chave: Solarização. Cyperus Rotundus. Chamaesyce Hirta. Controle Alternativo. Abstract The growth of organic agriculture, associated with changes in consumption patterns and consumer’s demand, shows an increase in demand for food free from residues of pesticides and have lower risks to health and the environment. But on the other hand, the availability of alternative methods to chemical weed control, and other unwanted organisms to crops, is still a big challenge. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of solarization on growth and early development of weed plants from seedlings in the soil. The experiment was conducted at University of Cuiabá, between 01/18/2018 and 02/22/2018. A completely randomized design was adopted with five treatments and five replications. The treatments correspond to five times of soil solarization, namely : control (no solarization), solarization for 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days. The results showed that the solarisation can be applied to the weeds removal. The effects are varied and depend on the solarization time and plant species. Soil Solarization for 14 days showed over 90% reduction of mass production Cyperus rotundus dry matter and solarization for 28 days showed a reduction of approximately 70% by weight of dry matter production of Chamaesyce hirta. The effects are varied and depend on the solarization time and plant species. Soil Solarization for 14 days showed over 90% reduction of mass production Cyperus rotundus dry matter and solarization for 28 days showed a reduction of approximately 70% by weight of dry matter production of Chamaesyce hirta. The effects are varied and depend on the solarization time and plant species. Soil Solarization for 14 days showed over 90% reduction of mass production Cyperus rotundus dry matter and solarization for 28 days showed a reduction of approximately 70% by weight of dry matter production of Chamaesyce hirta. Keywords: Solarization. Cyperus Rotundus. Chamaesyce Hirta. Alternative Control

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Relation Between Salt Tolerance and Long-Distance Transport of Sodium and Chloride in Various Crop Species

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9780027 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 27 ◽

Cited By ~ 114

Author(s):

H Lessani ◽

H Marschner

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Plant Species ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Chloride Content ◽

Sodium Content ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Long Distance ◽

Crop Species ◽

Growth Depression ◽

Matter Production

The effect of NaCl concentrations up to 100 mM in the nutrient solution upon dry matter production and mineral composition of seven plant species was studied in a pot culture experiment. The plants could be arranged into three groups according to the depression in dry matter production at 100 mM NaCl: tolerant (sugar beet; maize, cv. Velox); moderately tolerant (cress; sunflower; safflower; maize, cv. DC 790); and sensitive (pepper; bean, cv. Saxa and Contender). In all plant species, the chloride content increased more than the sodium content in the shoots with an increasing supply of NaCl. Differences between plant species were much higher in sodium content than in chloride content. In most plant species, a supply of NaCl decreased the potassium content much less than the calcium content. Application of labelled sodium (22Na) and chloride (36Cl) to the leaves of plants without supplying NaCl to the roots revealed great differences between the species with regards to sodium and chloride retranslocation. No correlation could be found, however, between the retranslocation rates of chloride and sodium respectively within a particular plant species. Part of the retranslocated 22Na and 36Cl had been lost through efflux from the roots. The efflux of 36Cl was low in all plant species. The efflux of 22Na was generally higher and differed considerably between the plant species, ranging from zero in sugar beet to 14% in bean. A significant positive correlation exists between this efflux of 22Na in the various plant species and the corresponding growth depression caused by an increasing supply of NaCl.

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