Zero-tillage establishment of alfalfa and meadow bromegrass as influenced by previous annual grain crop

Conventional forage establishment techniques (i.e. preseeding tillage) can result in soil erosion and inefficient water use during the establishment period, and may result in poor plant establishment. Using a zero-tillage (ZT) system may overcome these limitations. The first experiment, conducted under favourable post-seeding moisture conditions, compared establishment, plant development, growth, and dry matter production of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteneii Roem and Shult.) under ZT and conventional tillage (CT) following three different annual crops. Significant previous crop × tillage system interactions in both years, indicated that forage crop establishment and dry matter production were lower under ZT than CT when the preceding crop was wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), however, no significant differences were observed when the preceding crop was either field pea (Pisum sativum L.) or canola (Brassica napus L.). Significant previous crop × forage species interactions for crop establishment indicated that while alfalfa was unaffected by previous crop type, emergence of meadow bromegrass was reduced when wheat was the previous crop. Significant previous crop × tillage system interactions for plant development indicated that development of both forage species was temporarily delayed under ZT when wheat was the previous crop. No treatment effects were observed for year after establishment dry matter production. A second experiment, conducted under conditions of post-seeding drought, assessed the impact of spring wheat straw management on establishment of alfalfa and meadow bromegrass under CT and ZT. Superior establishment of both alfalfa and meadow bromegrass under ZT was attributed to higher levels of soil water under ZT. Straw management (removal vs. returned to land) had no effect on either forage species. Results of these studies indicate that ZT is a feasible alternative for establishing forage crops, even where levels of previous crop residue are very high. Key words: Direct-seeding, straw management, wheat, canola, field pea, Haun stage, forage

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Influence of glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of Panicum maximum cultivars

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000812017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Suzete Fernandes Lima ◽

Leandro Spíndola Pereira ◽

Gustavo Dorneles Sousa ◽

Simonny Araújo Vasconcelo ◽

Adriano Jakelaitis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Block Design ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Forage Species

ABSTRACT: The use of herbicide underdoses allows minimizing the competition of grasses on annual crops, enabling simultaneous cultivation. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of the initial growth of three Panicum maximum cultivars aiming at the integrated cultivation, in addition to the effects of forage species on the incidence and development of weeds. Three field experiments were conducted. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications and eight treatments consisting of increasing glyphosate doses (0, 54, 108, 270, 378, 540, 756, and 1,080 g a.e. ha−1). An atrazine dose of 1,200 g a.i. ha−1 was added to each treatment. Plant phytotoxicity assessments were performed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application. At 80 and 125 days after sowing, the assessments of total dry matter production, leaf dry matter, stem dry matter, and leaf to stem ratio were carried out, in addition to density and dry matter production of weed community. Glyphosate underdoses below 215, 65, and 90 g a.e. ha-1 have a potential to be investigated aiming at the management of P. maximum cv. Atlas, P. maximum cv. Mombasa, and P. maximum cv. Tanzania under intercropping. The three forage species are effective in suppressing weeds.

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GROWTH AND NPK UPTAKE BY SOYBEAN CULTIVARS IN NORTHERN U.S.A. UNDER REDUCED TILLAGE SYSTEMS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps89-133 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 1101-1111 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

E. J. DEIBERT ◽

R. A. UTTER

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Reduced Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

No Till ◽

Matter Production ◽

Tillage System ◽

Late Maturity

A field study was conducted during 1985–1987 on a Fargo clay soil to evaluate growth, and NPK content at beginning flowering, pod fill, and mature seed at harvest of an early- (McCall) and a late-maturity (Dawson) soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar as influenced by conventional (plow) or reduced (sweep, intertill, no-till) tillage systems and weed control methods. Excellent seed emergence was obtained on all tillage systems. Fall application of granular herbicide provided excellent weed control but herbicide plus cultivation caused reduced plant growth. Tillage system did not significantly affect plant and seed dry matter production. Yearly differences in dry matter production between early- and late-maturity cultivars depended on precipitation distribution. N and P uptake at pod fill was equal to seed uptake while K in the seed was one-half that measured at pod fill. Stratification of P and K in the surface soil profile of the reduced tillage systems was not detrimental and possibly enhanced early growth when root development was not extensive. Plants exhibited chlorosis on only the plow system under wet soil conditions indicating improved internal drainage under the reduced tillage systems. Interactions of climate with tillage system and cultivar maturity were more pronounced in this soybean study than previously reported which may be related to the cool, dry northern area.Key words: Soybean, no-till, zero-till, weed control, plant nutrients, cultivars, soil nutrient stratification

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Introduced forage species herbage dry matter production and chemical composition at two moist savannah sites in Ghana

Annales de Zootechnie ◽

10.1051/animres:19950501 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 44 (Suppl. 1) ◽

pp. 31-31

Author(s):

P. Barnes

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Matter Production ◽

Forage Species

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Evaluation of Nutritional Quality and Adaptation of Several Native Plant Species of Kuwait to the Farming System as Potential Livestock Feed

Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture Research ◽

10.33140/jahr.04.01.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Native Plant ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

Livestock Feed ◽

Matter Production ◽

Forage Species ◽

Nutritive Values

The native vegetation of Kuwait is well adapted to hyper arid environment and once these naturally vegetated plants are managed properly these may be considered potential candidates as animal feed. Bringing the neglected and underutilized native plant species into animal food chain is promising. Considering the importance of some native plants, five native forage species (Cenchrus ciliaris, Cenchrus setigerus, Lasiurus scindicus, Panicum turgidum and Pennisetum divisum) were compared to widely used exotic forage species Panicum virgatum to measure the effects of fall (October) vs spring (March) planting on the biomass yield and the nutritive value. The results indicate that four species, C. setigerus, C. ciliaris, L. scindicus and P. divisum, showed a higher dry matter production in the spring planting season with relative increase in the nutritive values, i.e., NDF, ADF, fat, protein and ash concentrations as compared to P. virgatum. In general fall season planting, decreased the dry matter production and the nutritive values compared to the spring season. These findings provided opportunities to utilize the natural resources for increasing and or improving livestock feed supply. There is potential for growers to integrate these local forage species into their forage production system.

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Genetic Variation in Dry Matter Production and Nutritional Characteristics of Meadow Bromegrass under Repeated Defoliation

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2005.12-0511 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 1948-1954 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kevin B. Jensen ◽

J. G. Robins ◽

Blair L. Waldron ◽

Michael D. Peel

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Matter Production ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

Meadow Bromegrass

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Cycling of nutrients and silicon in pigeonpea and pearl millet monoculture and intercropping

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832013000600019 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 1628-1640 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽

Jayme Ferrari Neto ◽

Rogério Peres Soratto ◽

Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa

Keyword(s):

Pearl Millet ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Decomposition Rate ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Total Content ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

No Tillage ◽

Matter Production ◽

Tillage System

In a no-tillage system, cover crops must be used that combine shoot dry matter production and nutrient recycling. The aim of this study was to evaluate shoot dry matter production, decomposition rate and macronutrient and silicon release from pigeonpea and pearl millet in monoculture and intercropping systems. A randomized block design was used with a 3 x 6 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The first factor consisted of three cover crops (pigeonpea, pearl millet and intercropping of these cover crops) and the second consisted of six sampling times [0, 18, 32, 46, 74 and 91 days after desiccation (DAD)]. Pearl millet produced greater amounts of shoot dry matter and content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, C and Si and had a higher decomposition rate and macronutrient and Si release than the other cover crops. The rates of decomposition and daily nutrient release from shoot dry matter were highest in the first period of evaluation (0-18 DAD). Over time, the C/N, C/P and C/S ratios increased, while C/Si and the decomposition rate decreased. Potassium was the nutrient most quickly released to the soil, especially from pearl millet residue. Silicon had the lowest release rate, with 62, 82 and 74 % of the total content in the shoot dry matter remaining in the last evaluation of pearl millet, pigeonpea and in the intercrop system, respectively. The shoot dry matter from the intercrop system had a different decomposition rate than that from the pearl millet monoculture and pigeonpea. Plants with greater shoot dry matter production and lower C/Si ratio are more effective in a no-tillage system for providing a more complete and persistent soil cover.

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