scholarly journals Biomassa de Plantas Daninhas Emergidas em Solo Solarizado

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Clodoaldo Moreno Paixão ◽  
Carlos Alberto Rezende Conelian ◽  
Joás Dos Santos Soares ◽  
Juliana Maria Defanti Petrazzini ◽  
Valéria Cristina Horbach
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Soil Solarization ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

O crescimento da agricultura orgânica, associado às mudanças de padrões de consumo e exigência dos consumidores evidencia um aumento da demanda por alimentos livres de resíduos de agrotóxicos e que apresentem menores riscos à saúde e ao meio ambiente. No entanto, por outro lado, a disponibilidade de métodos alternativos ao controle químico de plantas daninhas, entre outros organismos indesejáveis aos cultivos, ainda é um grande desafio. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da solarização sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento inicial de plantas daninhas, oriundas de propágulos presentes no solo. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade de Cuiabá, entre os dias 18/01/2018 e 22/02/2018. Foi adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos testados correspondem a cinco tempos de solarização do solo, sendo esses: testemunha (sem solarização), solarização por 7 dias, 14 dias, 21 dias e 28 dias. Os resultados mostraram que a solarização pode ser aplicada para a supressão de plantas daninhas. Os efeitos são variados e dependem do tempo de solarização e da espécie da planta. A solarização do solo por 14 dias demonstrou redução acima de 90% da produção de massa de matéria seca de Cyperus rotundus e a solarização por 28 dias demonstrou redução de aproximadamente 70% da produção de massa de matéria seca de Chamaesyce hirta. Palavras-chave: Solarização. Cyperus Rotundus. Chamaesyce Hirta. Controle Alternativo.   Abstract The growth of organic agriculture, associated with changes in consumption patterns and consumer’s demand, shows an increase in demand for food free from  residues of pesticides and have lower  risks to health and the environment. But on the other hand, the availability of alternative methods to chemical weed control, and other unwanted organisms to crops, is still a big challenge. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of solarization on growth and early development of weed plants from seedlings in the soil. The experiment was conducted at University of Cuiabá, between 01/18/2018 and 02/22/2018. A completely randomized design was adopted with five treatments and five replications. The treatments correspond to five times of soil solarization, namely : control (no solarization), solarization for 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days. The results showed that the solarisation can be applied to the weeds removal. The effects are varied and depend on the solarization time and plant species. Soil Solarization for 14 days showed over 90% reduction of mass production Cyperus rotundus dry matter and solarization for 28 days showed a reduction of approximately 70% by weight of dry matter production of Chamaesyce hirta. The effects are varied and depend on the solarization time and plant species. Soil Solarization for 14 days showed over 90% reduction of mass production Cyperus rotundus dry matter and solarization for 28 days showed a reduction of approximately 70% by weight of dry matter production of Chamaesyce hirta. The effects are varied and depend on the solarization time and plant species. Soil Solarization for 14 days showed over 90% reduction of mass production Cyperus rotundus dry matter and solarization for 28 days showed a reduction of approximately 70% by weight of dry matter production of Chamaesyce hirta. Keywords: Solarization. Cyperus Rotundus. Chamaesyce Hirta. Alternative Control

scholarly journals Efficiency and response of conilon coffee clones to phosphorus fertilization

Revista CERES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lima Deleon Martins ◽  
Marcelo Antonio Tomaz ◽  
José Francisco Teixeira do Amaral ◽  
Scheilla Marina Bragança ◽  
Herminia Emilia Prieto Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Studies on nutritional efficiency of phosphorus in conilon coffee plants are important tools to unravel the high limitation that natural low levels of this nutrient in soil impose to these species cultivars. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the nutritional efficiency and the response to phosphorus of conilon coffee clones. Plants were managed during 150 days in pots containing 10 dm³ of soil, in greenhouse. A factorial scheme 13 x 2 was used, with three replications, being the factors: 13 clones constituting the clonal cultivar "Vitória Incaper 8142" and two levels of phosphate fertilization (0% and 150% of the P2O5 usualy recommended), in a completely randomized design (CRD). The results indicate a differentiated response of dry matter production and of phosphorus content on each level of phosphate fertilization for the conilon coffee clones and that CV-04, CV-05 and CV-08 clones are nutritionally efficient and responsive to the phosphate fertilization.

scholarly journals The amazonian capim-açú is less nitrogen dependente than antelope grass to produce leaf dry matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Ivo G. R. de Araújo ◽  
Jairo O. Cazetta ◽  
Rosane C. Rodrigues ◽  
Sâmara S. C. Sanchês ◽  
Clésio dos S. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Native Pastures

ABSTRACT The Maranhão floodplain is dominated by native grasses like capim-açú (Paspalum plicatulum, Mich.). Due to scarce information on nutrient demands of native species, farmers are replacing native pastures by exotic and potentially invasive species such as antelope grass (Echinochloa pyramidalis, Lam). The aim of this study was to compare the growth of capim-açú and antelope grass, under varying N and K doses, to better understand the potential of capim-açú to be used as forage. The experiment was carried out in pots, consisting of a 2 × 5 × 2 factorial scheme (2 species × 5 N doses × 2 K doses) with four repetitions, in a completely randomized design. The N doses of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg dm-3 were combined with 10 and 30 mg dm-3 K2O. The capim-açú produces higher leaf to stem ratio aboveground by using lower nitrogen and potassium doses than antelope grass. Leaf, stalk, and total dry matter production of both studied species do not respond to potassium doses.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Annual Winter Species to Protoporfirinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicides (Protox)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ALVES ◽  
L. GALON ◽  
R.R. KAIZER ◽  
F.L. WINTER ◽  
C.M. HOLZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
F Test ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Linear Regressions

ABSTRACT: The use of plant species for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with herbicides is an alternative that has been emphasized to minimize the effects of the persistence of agrochemicals in the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance potential of winter species in soils contaminated with sulfentrazone and fomesafen. The experiment was in a completely randomized design with four replications. Doses of fomesafen (0.0, 0.125, 0.250, and 0.5 kg ha-1) and sulfentrazone (0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 kg ha-1) were applied during the pre-emergence of phytoremediate species (black oat, vetch, birdsfood trefoil, radish and lupin). Forty five days after the emergence of the species, the phytotoxicity (%), leaf area (cm2), stalk and/or stem diameter (mm), height (cm) and dry matter (g) variables of the plants were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test; when significant, linear or non linear regressions were applied to evaluate the effect of herbicide doses on the studied species. Birdsfood trefoil was the less tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone. Black oat was less affected by the application of fomesafen doses, but it was highly susceptible to sulfentrazone. Radish presented tolerance only up to the fomesafen dose of 0.25 kg ha-1; as for sulfentrazone, the species showed tolerance. The most tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone, regardless of the dose, was the lupine, which is a possible alternative for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with these herbicides.

scholarly journals Viability of Cyperus rotundus L. tubers after application of herbicide in pre- and postemergence

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ligia Giraldeli ◽  
André Felipe Moreira Silva ◽  
Felipe Carrara de Brito ◽  
Robson Josadaque Nogueira de Lima ◽  
Beatriz Sizilio dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Visual Control ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Chemical Management ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

ABSTRACT Chemical management is the most widely adopted technique to control weeds in sugarcane crops. Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is among the most difficult species to control. Herbicides need to be absorbed and translocated in a sufficient amount for the tuber chain to be effective. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the herbicides sulfentrazone, diclosulam, imazapic, imazapyr, halosulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, monosodium methyl arsenate (MSMA), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in controlling C. rotundus and reducing the viability of its tubers. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, with nine treatments and four replications. The herbicides sulfentrazone (800 g active ingredient – ai·ha?1), diclosulam (193.17 g ai·ha?1), imazapic (133 g ai·ha?1), and imazapyr (500 g acid equivalent – ae·ha?1) were applied in preemergence at five days after planting the tubers, while halosulfuron (112.5 g ai·ha?1), ethoxysulfuron (135 g ai·ha?1), MSMA (1,975 g ai·ha?1), and 2,4-D (1,340 g ae·ha?1) were applied in postemergence (4 to 5 leaves). The parameters visual control, shoot dry matter, number of tubers and bulbs, weight of tubers + bulbs, number of epigeal manifestations, and tuber viability were analyzed. The herbicides diclosulam, halosulfuron, and ethoxysulfuron provided 100% control of the shoot at 90 days after application (DAA). All herbicides reduced the number of bulbs, weight of tubers + bulbs, and shoot dry matter. The herbicides sulfentrazone, imazapic, halosulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, and MSMA provided the highest reduction in tuber viability.

scholarly journals PENGARUH DOSIS BOKASHI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI PADA PEMOTONGAN PERTAMA RUMPUT GAJAH MINI (Pennisetum Purpureum cv. Mott)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Azaria Dhea Gantina ◽  
Farida Fathul ◽  
Liman Liman ◽  
Muhtarudin Muhtarudin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dwarf Elephant Grass

This research aims was to determine the effect of bokashi dose on plant height, number of tillers, percentage of stems, fresh production, and dry matter production and also to determine the optimum dose of bokashi to obtain the best results on growth and production at the first harvest of dwarf elephant grass. This research was conducted in March 2020 - July 2020 in Sidodadi Asri village, Jati Agung district, South Lampung regency. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 levels of treatment, namely P0 (control); P1 (bokashi dosage 30 tons/ha); P2 (bokashi dosage 40 tons/ha); and P3 (bokashi dosage 50 tons/ha). Each experimental treatment unit has plot measuring 2x2 m2. Each trial unit was repeated 3 times, so there were 12 trial units. The data were analyzed by variations analyzed at 5% and or 1% level, after that it was followed by orthogonal polynomial test. The results showed that the dose of bokashi had a significant effect (P<0,05) on plant height, fresh production, and dry production, but had no significant effect (P>0,05) on number of tillers, and percentage of stems. The effect of bokashi fertilizer on plant height was obtained by using the optimum bokashi dose of 36.73 tons/ha and the equation was = 60,13 + 35,38x - 6.62x2 [0 ; 50 ton/Ha] (P<0,01). The optimum dose was not obtained for the number of tillers, percentage of stems, fresh production, and dry production. Keywords: Plant height, Number of tillers, Percentage of stems, Fresh production, Dry production

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nutritional Quality and Adaptation of Several Native Plant Species of Kuwait to the Farming System as Potential Livestock Feed

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Nutritive Values

The native vegetation of Kuwait is well adapted to hyper arid environment and once these naturally vegetated plants are managed properly these may be considered potential candidates as animal feed. Bringing the neglected and underutilized native plant species into animal food chain is promising. Considering the importance of some native plants, five native forage species (Cenchrus ciliaris, Cenchrus setigerus, Lasiurus scindicus, Panicum turgidum and Pennisetum divisum) were compared to widely used exotic forage species Panicum virgatum to measure the effects of fall (October) vs spring (March) planting on the biomass yield and the nutritive value. The results indicate that four species, C. setigerus, C. ciliaris, L. scindicus and P. divisum, showed a higher dry matter production in the spring planting season with relative increase in the nutritive values, i.e., NDF, ADF, fat, protein and ash concentrations as compared to P. virgatum. In general fall season planting, decreased the dry matter production and the nutritive values compared to the spring season. These findings provided opportunities to utilize the natural resources for increasing and or improving livestock feed supply. There is potential for growers to integrate these local forage species into their forage production system.

scholarly journals Aluminum toxicity reduces the nutritional efficiency of macronutrients and micronutrients in sugarcane seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Eggers Borges ◽  
Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta ◽  
Francisco Bruno Ferreira de Sousa ◽  
Kamilla Silva Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Although the effects of aluminum on the content and accumulation of mineral nutrients in crops have been studied, but nothing is known about its effect on the nutritional efficiency of sugarcane. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of aluminum toxicity on nutritional efficiency, nutrient accumulation, and growth of sugarcane seedling. Sugarcane seedlings of the genotype IACSP95-5000, obtained from one-bud mini-cuttings (3 cm), were used in the test. Seedlings were subjected to treatments in a completely randomized design, with eight Al concentrations in the nutrient solution (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 mg L−1) and three replicates, totaling 24 experimental units. Analyses determined the contents, accumulation, and absorption, transport, and use efficiency of macronutrients, micronutrients, and aluminum, in addition to dry matter production. The results show that Al affected all variables analyzed, with a decrease in the nutritional efficiency of macronutrients and micronutrients and a drastic decrease in the accumulation of macronutrients in the aerial part, which reflected in the decrease in the dry matter of the plants. The root system was the most affected, with a decrease in growth of up to 60%. Aluminum reduced the use efficiency of nutrient in decreasing order: Ca (69%)> N (60%)> K (59%)> Mg (50%)> S (49%)> P (40%). As for micronutrients, the following decreasing order was observed: Fe (73%)> Zn (59%) = Cu (59%)> Mn (25%).

Shading Responses of Purple and Yellow Nutsedges (Cyperus rotundusandC. esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Net Assimilation

The effects of shade on dry-matter production, leaf area, and biomass partitioning in purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) and yellow nutsedge (C. esculentusL.) were determined in a controlled-environment greenhouse with a day/night temperature regime of 32/26 C. For comparison with a full-light treatment, screening provided 40, 70, and 85% shade. Shading significantly reduced height of yellow nutsedge and dry-matter production, leaf-area production, and rhizome and tuber formation of both species. Shading decreased the partitioning of plant biomass into tubers and rhizomes and increased partitioning into leaves. Yellow nutsedge had a higher net-assimilation rate than purple nutsedge at all levels of shading, but the greater leaf-area duration or total amount of leaf area present in purple nutsedge resulted in greater dry-matter production by that species. The responses of the two species showed no differences in shade tolerance.

scholarly journals Forage production of elephant grass under intermittent stocking

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Silva Chaves ◽  
Carlos Augusto de Miranda Gomide ◽  
Karina Guimarães Ribeiro ◽  
Domingos Sávio Campos Paciullo ◽  
Francisco José da Silva Ledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the dry matter production of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes, managed under intermittent stocking. A completely randomized design was used, with two genotypes and three replicates. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations (2x2x2) of genotypes ('BRS Kurumi' and the clone CNPGL 00‑1‑3), two light interception levels (LI) at the onset of grazing (90 and 95%), and two post‑grazing canopy heights (30 and 50 cm). A total of 24 Holstein x Zebu crossbred heifers were used. The stocking density varied in order to finish the grazing periods in two days. The interval between the defoliation, based on 95% LI, resulted in a higher leaf mass per grazing cycle. The post‑grazing height of 30 cm did not affect the number of grazing cycles but provided a greater herbage accumulation rate. The cultivar BRS Kurumi has higher pasture growth, lower rest period, and greater number of grazing cycles, which results in increased forage production in the growing season.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair NASA terhadap Nitrogen Bintil Akar dan Produksi Macroptilium Atropurpureum

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
M. Nur Husin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Banda Aceh

The effect of liquid organic fertilizing NASA on nitrogen root nodule and production of siratro ABSTRACT.  A study was carried out in Experimental Farm and Laboratory for Animal Nutrition of the Faculty of Agriculture in Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam Banda Aceh to know the dose of liquid organic fertilizing (LOF) NASA on nitrogen root nodule and production of Siratro plants. The study use pot (plastic bag) containing 15 kg of soil. The soil type was of kind of Alluvial. Experimental design was of Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Treatment with LOF NASA was of 0.00 cc/l water, 2.50 cc/l water, 5.00 cc/l water, 7.50 cc/l water, and 10 cc/l water. Result showed that a maximum nitrogen root nodule of Siratro 8.54 mg/m2/day and maximum dry matter production of Siratro 2.26 g/m2/day was founded at 10 cc/l water LOF NASA.

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