scholarly journals A Clinical Case Study of a 45 y/o Female Suffering with PTSD, Bipolar D/O, Depression, Anxiety and Chronic Pain Syndrome Taking 42-58 Pills Per Day and Weaned off of All Medications Using Medical Cannabis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cb1 Receptor ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Uptake Inhibitors

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent, chronic, and disabling depression and anxiety disorder that may develop following exposure to a traumatic event. Although the use of Medical Cannabis for the treatment of physical and psychological disorders is controversial, medical marijuana is currently legal in Canada, 33 states in the United States and many countries around the world. Studies published in Molecular Psychiatry and Science Daily showed that treatment using particular compounds found in cannabis may benefit those with PTSD, and that “plant-derived cannabinoids [psychoactive chemicals] such as cannabis may possess some benefits in individuals with PTSD by helping relieve haunting nightmares and other symptoms of PTSD” and as a result of taking medical cannabis, participants reported a decrease in re-experiencing the trauma, less avoidance of situations that reminded them of the trauma, and a decline in hyper-arousal, respectively. There’s also convincing evidence from multiple studies for reduced endocannabinoid availability in PTSD, i.e., reduced levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide and compensatory increase of CB1 receptor availability in PTSD, and an association between increased CB1 receptor availability in the amygdala and abnormal threat processing, as well as increased severity of hyperarousal, but not dysphoric symptomatology, in trauma survivors. Other studies suggest that Medical Cannabis therapy, as an adjunct to a traditional analgesic therapy, can be an efficacious tool to make more effective the management of chronic pain and its consequences on functional and psychological dimensions. The patient in this case study had been treated for over 20 years with multiple opiates, Selective Serotonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), Serotonin Norepinephrine Re-Uptake Inhibitors (SNRIs), typical and atypical antipsychotics, antiepileptics, etc. to manage her multiple medical conditions, i.e., migraine headaches, seizures/tremors, general anxiety disorder with panic attacks, major depressive disorder-moderate and recurrent, attention deficit disorder, fibromyalgia, hot flashes and generalized edema. We will review how she was weaned off of the majority of the pharmacological treatments solely using Medical Cannabis in less than one year

scholarly journals Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and costs associated with the treatment of chronic pain with medical cannabis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrance Bellnier ◽  
Geoffrey W. Brown ◽  
Tulio R. Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Image Study ◽  
Post Therapy

Abstract Introduction: Medical cannabis (MC) is commonly claimed to be an effective treatment for chronic or refractory pain. With interest in MC in the United States growing, as evidenced by the 29 states and 3 US districts that now have public MC programs, the need for clinical evidence supporting this claim has never been greater. Methods: This was a retrospective, mirror-image study that investigated MC's effectiveness in patients suffering from chronic pain associated with qualifying conditions for MC in New York State. The primary outcome was to compare European Quality of Life 5 Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D) and Pain Quality Assessment Scale (PQAS) scores at baseline and 3 months post-therapy. The secondary outcomes included comparisons of monthly analgesic prescription costs and opioid consumption pre- and post-therapy. Tolerability was assessed by side effect incidence. Results: This investigation included 29 subjects. Quality of life and pain improved, measured by change in EQ-5D (Pre 36 – Post 64, P < .0001) and change in PQAS paroxysmal (Pre 6.76 – Post 2.04, P < .0001), surface (Pre 4.20 – Post 1.30, P < .0001), deep (Pre 5.87 – Post 2.03, P < .0001), unpleasant (Pre “miserable” – Post “annoying”, P < .0001). Adverse effects were reported in 10% of subjects. Discussion: After 3 months treatment, MC improved quality of life, reduced pain and opioid use, and lead to cost savings. Large randomized clinical trials are warranted to further evaluate the role of MC in the treatment of chronic pain.

NEUROBIOLOGY OF MOOD DISORDERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brionne Gibson ◽  
Carmen White ◽  
Jabarri Johnson ◽  
Felicia Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Mental Health Disorder ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Healthy Humans

Sleep is the natural state of resting during which the eyes are closed and you become unconscious. (Ozsen S; 2013) In healthy humans, the research showed the different brain patterns associated with different sleep patterns. Two types of sleep include non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement. Anxiety is a nervous disorder characterized by a state of excessive uneasiness and apprehension, typically with compulsive behavior and panic attacks. This disorder is the pervasive mental disorder. Social anxiety disorder is the most common, and the most disabling type of anxiety disorder. (Hartley 2013) The brain regions thought to be involved in anxiety are the amygdala and the hippocampus. Depression is a mental health disorder and a psychiatric condition. More specifically, though a mood disorder characterized by a determinedly low mood when a feeling of sadness and loss of interest. PTSD is an anxiety disorder resulting from direct or indirect exposure to real or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence and characterized by persistent difficulties that negatively affect an individual's social interactions, capacity to work or other areas of functioning. This paper will also discuss the population (1) in the United States affected by mood disorders, how sleep affects mood disorders, and how someone can keep up normal/healthy moods.

scholarly journals A Mapping Literature Review of Medical Cannabis Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Evidence in Approved Conditions in the United States, from 2016 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Jugl ◽  
Aimalohi Okpeku ◽  
Brianna Costales ◽  
Earl Morris ◽  
Golnoosh Alipour-Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Of Evidence ◽  
Study Setting

Background: Medical cannabis is available to patients by physician order in two-thirds of the United States (U.S.) as of 2020, but remains classified as an illicit substance by federal law. States that permit medical cannabis ordered by a physician typically require a diagnosed medical condition that is considered qualifying by respective state law. Objectives: To identify and map the most recently (2016-2019) published clinical and scientific literature across approved conditions for medical cannabis, and to evaluate the quality of identified recent systematic reviews. Methods: Literature search was conducted from five databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov), with expansion and update from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s (NASEM) comprehensive evidence review through 2016 of the health effects of cannabis on several conditions. Following consultation with experts and stakeholders, 11 conditions were identified for evidence evaluation: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), autism, cancer, chronic pain, Crohn’s disease, epilepsy, glaucoma, HIV/AIDS, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The following exclusion criteria were imposed: preclinical focus, non-English language, abstracts only, editorials/commentary, case studies/series, and non-U.S. study setting. Data extracted from studies included: study design type, outcome, intervention, sample size, study setting, and reported effect size. Studies classified as systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis were graded using the AMSTAR-2 tool by two raters to evaluate the quality of evidence, with additional raters to resolve cases of evidence grade disagreement. Results: A total of 438 studies were included after screening. Five completed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified, and an additional 11 trials were ongoing, and 1 terminated. Cancer, chronic pain, and epilepsy were the most researched topic areas, representing more than two-thirds of all reviewed studies. The quality of evidence assessment for each condition suggests that few high-quality systematic reviews are available for most conditions, with the exceptions of MS, epilepsy, and chronic pain. In those areas, findings on chronic pain are mostly in alignment with the previous literature, suggesting that cannabis or cannabinoids are potentially beneficial in treating chronic neuropathic pain. In epilepsy, findings suggest that cannabidiol is potentially effective in reducing seizures in pediatric patients with drug-resistant Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes. In MS, recent high-quality systematic reviews did not include new RCTs, and are therefore not substantially expanding the evidence base. In sum, the most recent clinical evidence suggests that for most of the conditions assessed, we identified few studies of substantial rigor and quality to contribute to the evidence base. However, there are some conditions for which significant evidence suggests that select dosage forms and routes of administration likely have favorable risk-benefit ratios (i.e., epilepsy and chronic pain), with the higher quality of evidence for epilepsy driven by FDA-approved formulations for cannabis-based seizure treatments. Conclusion: The body of evidence for medical cannabis requires more rigorous evaluation before consideration as a treatment option for many conditions and evidence necessary to inform policy and treatment guidelines is currently insufficient for many conditions.

Successful spinal cord stimulation for chronic pancreatitis and post-laminectomy pain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody J Cox ◽  
Michael M Wilkinson ◽  
Michael A Erdek
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Pain Symptoms

Approximately one in five adults in the United States experiences chronic pain. Over the last 50 years, spinal cord stimulation has become increasingly recognized as a minimally invasive, efficacious treatment modality for the management of chronic pain. The authors report a case study of a 46-year-old female in the first documented spinal cord stimulation simultaneously targeting intractable neuropathic and visceral pain caused by post-laminectomy syndrome and chronic pancreatitis, respectively. This case study demonstrates near-total relief of the patient's neuropathic low back/leg pain and visceral epigastric pain, showing evidence of potential clinical usefulness for spinal cord stimulation as a treatment option in patients who present with a combination of visceral and somatic pain symptoms.

Anxiety and Depression in a Village in Lesotho, Africa: A Comparison with the United States

1990 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hollifield ◽  
Wayne Katon ◽  
David Spain ◽  
Limakatso Pule
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour

Adults in a village in Lesotho, Africa, were interviewed to determine the community prevalence of major depression, panic disorder, and generalised anxiety disorder. The prevalence data were compared with data from a large epidemiological study in the United States utilising the same research instrument. There was a significantly higher prevalence of all three diagnoses in Lesotho as compared with the United States. As in the United States, women were at an increased risk for these disorders, although statistical significance was not demonstrated for depression. The majority of people (77%) who had experienced panic attacks said they had sought help for their symptoms, with the majority attending Western-trained doctors. The relationship between explanatory models and help-seeking behaviour was explored in people who had had panic attacks. Less than 40% of those with generalised anxiety disorder said they sought help.

Dermatology-Related Uses of Medical Cannabis Promoted by Dispensaries in Canada, Europe, and the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Lim ◽  
Mark G. Kirchhof
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Allergic Contact ◽  
Nail Patella Syndrome ◽  
Health Canada

There is a growing interest in the use of medical cannabis for a variety of dermatologic conditions. Despite the lack of evidence to validate the effectiveness and safety of marijuana, it is approved to treat a variety of dermatologic conditions in the United States. Furthermore, medical cannabis dispensaries have been making unsubstantiated claims about medical cannabis. It is important for dermatologists to know about the purported use of medical cannabis to help patients navigate this new treatment option, particularly as cannabis becomes legal in Canada in October 2018. We collected and tabulated the dermatologic indications for medical cannabis from Canada, the United States, and Europe. In the United States, dermatologic-approved indications vary by state but include psoriasis, lupus, nail-patella syndrome, and severe pain. Health Canada has listed psoriasis, dermatitis, and pruritus as potential therapeutic uses for cannabis but does not endorse its use for therapeutic purposes. We also surveyed the websites of dispensaries in Canada, the United States, and Europe and found that numerous unsubstantiated claims were being made and advertised to consumers. Dermatologic uses of medical cannabis, as claimed by dispensaries, included treating acne, aging, allergic contact dermatitis, chronic pain, herpes, dermatitis, lupus, Lyme disease, nevi, psoriasis, epidermolysis bullosa, and melanoma. Psoriasis, dermatitis, and chronic pain were the most commonly cited indications for medical cannabis listed by dispensaries. Our data indicate that the suggested and advertised uses of medical cannabis are largely unsubstantiated. Further research is necessary to validate the indications, effectiveness, and safety of medical cannabis.

Gendered differences in emigration and mobility perspectives among European researchers working abroad

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Scheibelhofer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Highly Skilled

This paper focuses on gendered mobilities of highly skilled researchers working abroad. It is based on an empirical qualitative study that explored the mobility aspirations of Austrian scientists who were working in the United States at the time they were interviewed. Supported by a case study, the paper demonstrates how a qualitative research strategy including graphic drawings sketched by the interviewed persons can help us gain a better understanding of the gendered importance of social relations for the future mobility aspirations of scientists working abroad.

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