scholarly journals Shared Antigenic Determinants Between Spermatozoa and Bacteria: An Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Secretory Protein ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Bacterial Immobilization ◽  
Sperm Immobilization ◽  
Motile Bacteria

Sperm immobilization factor (SIF), the secretory protein of Staphylococcus aureus, is known to cause complete immobilization, death and morphological alterations in mouse spermatozoa in vitro. However, the present study aims to explore a newer dimension of SIF i.e., to bind to motile and non-motile bacteria and its ability to induce immobilization of motile bacteria in vitro. The results showed that 800µg of SIF caused complete immobilization of motile bacteria, however, death and morphological alterations could not be observed even with 1000µg of SIF. Furthermore, this SIF-mediated bacterial immobilization was reversed when each of the SIF-binding receptor from mouse spermatozoa and bacteria (Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes) was incubated with bacteria, thereby, providing an experimental evidence of similarity between the antigenic determinants present on spermatozoa and bacteria against a common ligand, SIF.

Macronuclear structure of the G surface antigen gene of Paramecium primaurelia and direct expression of its repeated epitopes in Escherichia coli

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 2414-2422
Author(s):  
E Meyer ◽  
F Caron ◽  
A Baroin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Direct Proof ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Coding Sequence ◽  
Genomic Environment ◽  
Cloned Gene

The gene encoding the G surface antigen of Paramecium primaurelia was cloned from a macronuclear DNA library by a screening procedure involving differential hybridization with cDNA probes synthesized from polyadenylated RNAs of cells expressing one of two alternate antigens. S1 mapping experiments and sequencing of the cloned DNA and the mRNA showed that the cloned gene corresponded to the high-molecular-weight mRNA that had been indirectly identified as that of the G surface antigen. Because the genetic code of Paramecium spp. is different from the "universal" code, this mRNA cannot be correctly translated in vitro; direct proof that it encoded the antigenic determinants of this protein was therefore obtained through expression of fragments of the coding sequence in Escherichia coli by using the expression vector lambda gt11. Studies on the structure of this gene revealed that the central part of the coding sequence contained at least five tandem repeats of 222 base pairs, encoding immunogenic domains of the protein. We also showed that, like other surface antigen genes of trypanosomes and paramecia, this gene lay next to a chromosome end and that no rearrangement of its immediate genomic environment was associated with its expression.

scholarly journals Utilização do hipoclorito de sódio na descontaminação de escovas dentais: estudo in vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 335-339
Author(s):  
Claudia de Abreu Busato ◽  
Alexandre Sabatini Cavazzola ◽  
Adriana de Oliveira Lira Ortega ◽  
Renata de Oliveira Guaré ◽  
Ali Saleh Neto
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes

ResumoIntroduçãoA escovação dentária é um método utilizado para controle do biofilme dental; entretanto, as escovas dentais tornam-se um meio de contaminação de microrganismos após seu uso, com lacunas importantes em relação a estes métodos de desinfecção, principalmente no uso coletivo.ObjetivoO objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a descontaminação de escovas dentais contaminadas in vitro, utilizando-se hipoclorito de sódio 0,08% em diferentes períodos de tempo (5, 10 e 15 minutos).Material e métodoForam utilizadas, nesta pesquisa, 72 escovas dentais distribuídas em seis grupos, levando-se em conta o microrganismo utilizado para contaminação, sendo: grupo 1, contaminadas com Escherichia coli; grupo 2, com Stafilococcus aureus; grupo 3, com Streptococcus pyogenes; grupo 4, com Enterococus faecalis; grupo 5, com suspensões de todas as bactérias, e grupo 6, o grupo-controle. Após a contaminação, os grupos foram imersos na solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 0,08% por períodos de 5, 10 e 15 minutos, sendo considerado positivo para desinfecção a não turvação do meio de imersão.ResultadoNo tempo de imersão de 5 minutos, ocorreu a desinfecção dos grupos 2 e 3; em 10 minutos, houve desinfecção dos grupos 1,2 e 3; após 15 minutos de imersão, ocorreu a desinfecção de todos os cinco grupos.ConclusãoO uso de hipoclorito de sódio 0,08% foi efetivo na descontaminação de escovas dentais contaminadas com bactérias Escherichia coli, Stafilococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, num tempo de imersão de 15 minutos.

scholarly journals Macronuclear structure of the G surface antigen gene of Paramecium primaurelia and direct expression of its repeated epitopes in Escherichia coli.

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 2414-2422 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Meyer ◽  
F Caron ◽  
A Baroin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Direct Proof ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Coding Sequence ◽  
Genomic Environment ◽  
Cloned Gene

The gene encoding the G surface antigen of Paramecium primaurelia was cloned from a macronuclear DNA library by a screening procedure involving differential hybridization with cDNA probes synthesized from polyadenylated RNAs of cells expressing one of two alternate antigens. S1 mapping experiments and sequencing of the cloned DNA and the mRNA showed that the cloned gene corresponded to the high-molecular-weight mRNA that had been indirectly identified as that of the G surface antigen. Because the genetic code of Paramecium spp. is different from the "universal" code, this mRNA cannot be correctly translated in vitro; direct proof that it encoded the antigenic determinants of this protein was therefore obtained through expression of fragments of the coding sequence in Escherichia coli by using the expression vector lambda gt11. Studies on the structure of this gene revealed that the central part of the coding sequence contained at least five tandem repeats of 222 base pairs, encoding immunogenic domains of the protein. We also showed that, like other surface antigen genes of trypanosomes and paramecia, this gene lay next to a chromosome end and that no rearrangement of its immediate genomic environment was associated with its expression.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Analysis of Fadogia andersonii Robyn Plant Extrac

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213
Author(s):  
J. Nzeako ◽  
G.I. Ndukwe ◽  
J.D. Habila ◽  
E.A. Oluwabukola ◽  
I. Owoicho
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Family

Medicinal plants extracts are now generally considered as effective medicines that play a major role in modern pharmacy. The plant Fadogia andersonii belonging to the Family Rubiaceae, which is used in ethno-medicine was studied. Preliminary phytochemical analyses of the whole plant revealed the presence of the following metabolites: Saponins, terpenes, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and carbohydrates. Anthraquinones was found to be absent. Antimicrobial screening of the methanol plant’s extract carried out (in vitro) on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albican and Aspergillus flavus showed that the extract has activity on the tested microorganisms. However, it showed no inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli. The extract was found to inhibit the growth of S. aureus, B. cereus, S. pyogenes and C. albican at 25mg/ml with a corresponding MBC at 50mg/ml. S.typhi and S. pneumonia were inhibited at 50mg/ml with a corresponding MBC at 100mg/ml. It also inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia and A. flavus at 100mg/ml with a corresponding MBC at 200mg/ml. The observed antimicrobial effects were believed to be due to the presence of active principles which were detected in the phytochemical screening. Keywords: Phytochemicals, Antimicrobials, Fadogia andersonii Robyn

scholarly journals In Vivo Antibacterial Activities of Sanfetrinem Cilexetil, a New Oral Tricyclic Antibiotic

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1858-1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinobu Tamura ◽  
Shuichi Miyazaki ◽  
Kazuhiro Tateda ◽  
Akira Ohno ◽  
Yoshikazu Ishii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

ABSTRACT The in vivo antibacterial activities of a new oral trinem, sanfetrinem cilexetil (a prodrug of sanfetrinem), were evaluated in comparison with those of cefdinir and amoxicillin. Sanfetrinem cilexetil showed potent efficacy against experimental murine septicemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Escherichia coli and against murine respiratory infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Likewise, in murine models of respiratory infection by penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, sanfetrinem cilexetil was more effective than amoxicillin in reducing the number of bacteria in infected lungs. These results were reflected in its potent in vitro activity and high levels in plasma.

scholarly journals Antiadhesive properties of a quaternary structure-specific hybridoma antibody against type 1 fimbriae of Escherichia coli.

1983 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 1114-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
S N Abraham ◽  
D L Hasty ◽  
W A Simpson ◽  
E H Beachey
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Type 1 Fimbriae

The relationship between the structure and biological function of type 1 fimbriae of Escherichia coli was investigated using a set of monoclonal antibodies directed against conformation-specific antigenic determinants. Of three monoclonal antibodies tested, only one (clone CD3) prevented adhesion of the vaccine strain to epithelial cells or guinea pig erythrocytes. The antibody produced by CD3, but not that produced by the other two hybridoma clones (AA8 and GG1), precipitated isolated fimbriae by double diffusion in agar gel and was shown to bind in a highly discrete, periodic manner along the length of each of the fimbriae by immunoelectron microscopy. Immunoelectroblots of type 1 fimbrial subunits and polymers electrophoresed in SDS-gels indicated that the antibodies in AA8 and GG1 reacted only with fimbrial monomers (mol wt 17,000), whereas the antibody in CD3 reacted only with polymers of mol wt 102,000 (hexamers) or higher. ELISA inhibition assays demonstrated that dissociated fimbrial subunits lost their reactivity with antibody CD3 but gained reactivity with antibodies AA8 and GG1. Conversely, when allowed to reassemble in vitro in the presence of 5 mM MgCl2, the reassembled fimbriae lost their reactivity with antibodies AA8 and GG1 but regained reactivity with antibody CD3. These results demonstrated that certain antigenic epitopes are dependent on quaternary structural determinants, whereas others are independent of quaternary fimbrial structure and also are inaccessible for antibody binding in fimbriae once they have been assembled. These monoclonal antibodies should prove useful in studies of the structural determinants of the biological function of type 1 fimbriae as well as in studies of fimbrial synthesis, transport, and assembly.

scholarly journals In VitroActivity of Gepotidacin, a Novel Triazaacenaphthylene Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitor, against a Broad Spectrum of Bacterial Pathogens

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1918-1923 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Biedenbach ◽  
S. K. Bouchillon ◽  
M. Hackel ◽  
L. A. Miller ◽  
N. E. Scangarella-Oman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agar Dilution

Gepotidacin inhibits bacterial DNA replication through a mode different from that of fluoroquinolones. Gepotidacin and comparators were tested by broth and agar dilution against clinical isolates. Thein vitroactivities of gepotidacin were comparable against methicillin-susceptible and -resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MSSA and MRSA, respectively) isolates (MIC90, 0.5 μg/ml). The gepotidacin MIC90s were as follows (in micrograms per milliliter) for the indicated bacteria:Streptococcus pyogenes, 0.25;Escherichia coli, 2;Moraxella catarrhalis, ≤0.06;Streptococcus pneumoniae(0.25),Haemophilus influenzae, 1;Clostridium perfringens, 0.5; andShigellaspp., 1, including levofloxacin-resistant subsets. Gepotidacin warrants further investigation for clinical development.

scholarly journals Avaliação da Atividade Antimicrobiana do Óleo Extraído da Cápsula do Eucaliptus urograndis: Uma Contribuição Significativa para o ramo Farmacêutico

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (43) ◽  
pp. 455-468
Author(s):  
Allana Leão Alcântara ◽  
Raquel Cotrim Cardoso ◽  
Flávio Mendes de Souza ◽  
Marcelo José Costa Espinheira
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis

O Eucalyptus urogradis faz parte do rol de plantas exóticas do Brasil, é um hibrido do E. grandis e E. urophyla. Estudos do Eucalyptus urograndis referente à sua composição vem sendo realizados. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o óleo essencial e sua ação antimicrobiana, obtidos das cápsulas do E. urograndis frente aos microrganismos Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcuspyogenes, Proteus e Escherichia coli. O material foi separado, limpo e levado para extração pelo método de clevenger por duas horas, contendo 100g do material e 500 ml de água destilada e para separação do óleo obtido foi levado para o rotaevaporador. Para avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana foram utilizados microrganismos padrão: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC12692, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615. Proteus mirabilis ATCC 7002, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATC BAA-1706, Escherichia coli ATCC 29214., seguindo o método in vitro de difusão em disco de papel de Bauer; Kirby, 1966. A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada através da determinação de pequenas quantidades do óleo extraído para inibir o crescimento de determinadas bactérias, com a realização do teste de difusão em ágar, também chamado de difusão em placas, e o método de diluição em caldo. 

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