scholarly journals Prevalence, Types, and Factors of HPV Infection Among Women With Abnormal Cervical Cytology Screening at Ramathibodi Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Nithitda Boonthum ◽  
Somsak Suthutvoravut
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
Cytology Screening

Background: Cervical cancer is the second leading cancer among Thai women. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common cause of cervical cancer. HPV16 and HPV18 are the most prevalence types in women with cervical cancer. Objectives: To study the prevalence and types of HPV infection and its associated risk factors among women with abnormal cervical cytology screening. Methods: This cross-sectional study purposively recruited 376 women who had abnormal cervical cytology screening by liquid-based cytology at the outpatient clinic, Ramathibodi Hospital from August 2015 until March 2016. HPV genotyping was done by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Analysis of the personal characteristics was done using descriptive statistics. Results: The prevalence of HPV infection was 41.5%. Among them, a single infection was found in 78.8% of women. The most common genotypes were HPV16 (8.5%) and HPV52 (7.7%). But HPV18 was found in only 1.9%. The characteristic which was significantly associated with HPV infection was age, nulliparity, and high-graded dysplasia (P < .05). Conclusions: High prevalence rate of HPV infection was found among women with abnormal cytology. High-risk HPV prevalence and type distribution may be useful for public health authorities in assessing the cervical screening program.  

scholarly journals Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection, Serovar Distribution and Co-Infections with Seven High-Risk HPV Types among Italian Women with a Recent History of Abnormal Cervical Cytology

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Martinelli ◽  
Rosario Musumeci ◽  
Alberto Rizzo ◽  
Narcisa Muresu ◽  
Andrea Piana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
History Of

Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) and human papillomavirus (HPV) are the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections throughout the world. Despite the serious complications associated with chronic Ct infections in sexually active women, a screening program is not yet available in Italy. Moreover, HPV/Ct co-infections are also known to occur frequently, increasing the risk of HPV-induced carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Ct infections, the distribution of Ct serovars, and the incidences of Ct/HPV co-infections among women with a recent history of abnormal cervical cytology. Cervical samples were collected from 199 women referred for a gynecological visit following an abnormal Pap test results. All samples were tested for the presence of Ct and HPV DNA using real-time PCR assays; Ct typing of positive samples was performed by PCR–RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) targeting the ompA gene. A high percentage of these women (12.8% and 21.7% with or without abnormal cytology on “retesting”, respectively) were found to be Ct positive. Serovar F was the most prevalent type in Ct positive women, followed by E and K. Ct/HPV co-infections were detected in 7% (14/199) of enrolled women, with HPV-16, HPV-51, and HPV-52 being most frequently identified in co-infections. This study provides new epidemiological data on the prevalence of Ct and associated HPV infection in women with a recent history of abnormal cervical cytology in Italy, where notification of cases is not mandatory.

scholarly journals Prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology and HPV DNA positivity among HIV positive women

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3649
Author(s):  
Sunita Malik ◽  
Supriti Kumari ◽  
Harsha S. Gaikwad ◽  
Archana Mishra ◽  
Mausumi Bharadwaj
Keyword(s):  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Hpv Dna Testing ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: The relationship among HIV, HPV, and development of CIN is complex and incompletely understood. Present study is undertaken to find out the prevalence and relationship of abnormal cervical cytology and HPV infection in HIV positive women.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, case control study conducted on 95 HIV seropositive and 95 seronegative women. Specimen was collected from the cervix for HPV DNA testing, subtyping and cytology.Results: HPV DNA positivity was higher in seropositive group (18.6% vs. 7.4%). Premalignant conditions were found only in seropositive group. At CD4 count <249 HPV DNA positivity was 53%, at 250-499 the percentage of HPV DNA positivity was 31% and at >500 HPV DNA positivity was 19%.Conclusions: Prevalence of abnormal cytology and HPV DNA positivity is higher amongst HIV positive women and there is an association between HPV DNA positivity with lower CD4 counts. 

Characteristics of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in women with abnormal cervical cytology: a population-based study in Shanxi Province, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Song ◽  
Yuanjing Lyu ◽  
Ling Ding ◽  
Xiaoxue Li ◽  
Wen Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Abstract Background: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is widely known as the major cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer and it’s characteristics vary greatly in different population. Women with abnormal cervical cytology could increase the risk of cervical cancer, however, HR-HPV infection characteristics in women with abnormal cervical cytology remains unclear. Methods: This study was based on baseline survey of the CIN Cohort established in Shanxi Province, China. A total number of 2300 women with cervical abnormalities were enrolled in this study. All participants gave informed consent and agreed to HPV and thinprepcytologic test (TCT). Each individual completed a questionnaire about characteristics related to HPV infection. Results: The overall prevalence of HR-HPV in 2300 women was 32.0%, and the proportion of single and multiple HR-HPV infections were 70.2% and 29.8% in HR-HPV infection women, respectively. The top five HR-HPV genotypes were ranked as HPV16, HPV58, HPV52, HPV53 and HPV51. The prevalence of HR-HPV in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and above(HSIL+) were 30.8%, 36.5% and 54.9%, respectively, showing an increasing trend with the severity of cervical cytology ( χ 2 trend =13.952; p <0.001). The women aged 35~45 years, with lower education level, less frequency of bathing, multiple gravidity, multiple parity, history of gynecological diseases and premenopausal women were prone to HR-HPV infection. Conclusions: We defined the characteristics related to HR-HPV infection in abnormal cervical cytology women, and provided an insight for the development and deeply research of HPV vaccine.

scholarly journals HIV status, age at cervical Cancer screening and cervical cytology outcomes in an opportunistic screening setting in Nigeria: a 10-year Cross sectional data analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonah Musa ◽  
Chad J. Achenbach ◽  
Charlesnika T. Evans ◽  
Neil Jordan ◽  
Patrick H. Daru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Opportunistic Screening ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology

Abstract Background Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is more prevalent in HIV infected women and occurs at younger median age than in HIV negative women. Organized cervical cancer screening (CCS) is presently lacking in Nigeria, and the age at CCS is not known in this population. We sought to examine the age at CCS, the cytology outcomes and whether outcomes differ by HIV infection status in an opportunistic screening setting. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of data on a sample of women who had received a CCS in an opportunistic screening service in Jos, Nigeria over a 10-year time period (2006–2016). We used logistic regression models to estimate the independent effect of patient-reported HIV and age at CCS and odds ratios for abnormal cytology outcomes adjusting for other covariates. We also assessed the correlation between median age at CCS and severity of abnormal cervical cytology outcomes. Statistical analyses were done on STATA version 14, College Station, Texas, USA. Results In a sample of 14,088, the median age at CCS was 37 years (IQR; 30–45). For HIV infected women vs. uninfected women, CCS occurred at earlier ages (35.0 ± 7.4 vs 38.2 ± 10.2 years, p < 0.001). All women, regardless of HIV status, who completed at least 7 or more years of education were 1.27 to 3.51 times more likely to have CCS before age 35 than women with less education. The predictors of an abnormal cervical cytology outcome at CCS were: age at CCS ≥ 35 (aOR = 3.57; 95% CI: 2.74, 4.64), multiparity ≥5 (aOR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.56), and provider-referral (aOR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.64). Irrespective of reported HIV status, we found a positive correlation between median age at CCS and severity of cytology outcome. Discussion The age at CCS in women who have utilized cervical cancer screening in the study population is relatively late compared to the recommended age by most guidelines from developed settings. Late age at CCS correlates positively with severity of abnormal cytology outcome irrespective of HIV status. More educated women are more likely to have CCS at early age and less likely to have underlying abnormal cytology outcomes.

Distribution of HPV genotypes among women with abnormal cytology results in Alberta, Canada

2021 ◽  
pp. e20200048
Author(s):  
Sabrina S Plitt ◽  
Ryan Kichuk ◽  
Sheena Geier ◽  
Trenton Smith ◽  
Felicia Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
Cancer Screening Program ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening Program

Background: Persistent infection with a subset of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes can cause abnormal cytology and invasive cervical cancer. This study examines the circulating HPV genotype strains in a local population of the province of Alberta (a largely unvaccinated population) to establish baseline frequency of vaccine and non-vaccine genotypes causing abnormal cervical cytology. Method: Remnant liquid-based cytology specimens from the Alberta Cervical Cancer Screening Program (March 2014–January 2016) were examined. Only specimens from women who had a cytology grading of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or higher were included. HPV genotype was determined for all samples, and results were stratified by demographics and cytology results. Results: Forty-four unique HPV genotypes were identified from 4,794 samples. Of the 4,241 samples with a genotype identified, the most common genotypes were HPV 16, 18, 31, and 51, with 1,599 (37.7%), 441 (12.2%), 329 (7.8%), and 354 (8.4%), respectively. HPV9 vaccine genotypes made up 73.2% of these genotyped samples. Compared with specimens in which HPV9 vaccine genotypes were not detected, those with a genotype covered by the HPV9 vaccine were from younger women (33 y [interquartile range {IQR] 28 to 42] versus 40 y [IQR 32 to 51]; p < 0.00001). Conclusions: The baseline distribution of HPV genotypes in this largely unvaccinated population indicates that the HPV 9 vaccine provides good protection from high-risk HPV infections. Determining the frequency of genotypes causing abnormal cytology in this population post–vaccine implementation will be important to assess efficacy of vaccination and monitor for any potential genotype replacement.

scholarly journals Abnormal cervical cytology amongst women infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Limpopo province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Ntuli ◽  
Eric Maimela ◽  
Linda Skaal ◽  
Mabina Mogale ◽  
Provia Lekota
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Background: Cervical cancer remains the major public problem worldwide and the most common gynaecological malignancy in the developing world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.Aim: To determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology amongst women with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and examine the association between HIV and histological grading.Setting: The study was conducted in Limpopo province, which is the northernmost province of South Africa. The province has five district municipalities with one tertiary, five regional and thirty four district hospitals.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cervical cancer cases in Limpopo province (LP) of South Africa, using data collected routinely by the National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS). The data on smears submitted for cytology between 2013 and 2015 were extracted from the Central Data Warehouse (CDW) database.Results: A total of 84 466 women were screened for cervical cytology smears. Their mean age was 39.8 ± 13.6 years, with range from 15 to 113 years; 77.2% were in the age group 30 years and older and 19.6% had an abnormal cervical cytology result. Overall, 46.4% of the women screened for cervical cancer were HIV infected. A significantly higher proportion of HIV-positive women had abnormal cytology than HIV-negative women (31.8% vs. 9.2%).Conclusion: The prevalence of abnormal cytology amongst HIV-positive women is relatively high, and the risk appears to be significantly greater in all age groups. This finding highlights the need to ascertain HIV status of all women presenting with cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient Data to Assess the Sensitivity of Cervical Cytology for Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Castanon ◽  
Rebecca Landy ◽  
Dimitrios Michalopoulos ◽  
Roshni Bhudia ◽  
Hannah Leaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Purpose To assess the sensitivity of cervical cytology to cancer by pooling individual patient cytology results from cancers diagnosed in studies that assessed cervical screening in low- and middle-income countries. Methods Two authors reviewed studies identified through PubMed and Embase databases. We included studies that reported cervical cytology in which at least one woman was diagnosed with cervical cancer and in which abnormal cytology results were investigated at colposcopy and through a histologic sample (if appropriate). When cytology results were not reported in the manuscript, authors were contacted. Stratified analyses and meta-regression were performed to assess sources of heterogeneity between studies. Results We included 717 cancers from 23 studies. The pooled sensitivity of cytology to cancer at a cutoff of a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or worse was 79.4% (95% CI, 67.7% to 86.0%). Results from stratified analyses did not differ significantly, except among studies that recruited symptomatic women or women referred because of abnormal cytology, when the sensitivity of cytology was much higher (95.9%; 95% CI, 86.5% to 99.9%). The cutoff of an HSIL or worse detected 85% of the cancers that would have been detected at a cutoff of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse (relative sensitivity, 85.2%; 95% CI, 80.7% to 89.7%). Conclusion Cytology at a high cutoff could be an excellent tool for targeted screening of populations at high risk of cervical cancer with a view to diagnose cancer at an earlier stage.

scholarly journals “Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination for cervical cancer prevention. Is it safe and effective?”

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Damitha Asanga Gunawardane
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Hpv Vaccines

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer, which is the fourth most common cancer in women. Most of the cervical cancers are linked to genital infection with HPV and it is the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract. At present, there are three types of HPV vaccines available. Even though HPV vaccination is a primary prevention tool, that does not eliminate the need for routine cervical screening, since the vaccines do not protect against all high-risk HPV types. Ninety percent of HPV infections have no clinical consequences at all whether they are high-risk or low-risk subtypes of HPV. All three types of HPV vaccines have very high vaccine efficacy for prevention of HPV infection among females aged 14 to 26 years. Proper assessment of the safety of HPV vaccine is a problem even after proper systematic review since the most of the clinical trials on the safety of the vaccines were used Hepatitis A vaccine or high immunogenicity enhancing aluminium adjuvant as their placebo. HPV vaccination would be very cost effective for the countries when there is no cervical screening program or if the programme coverage is very poor.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(3) 2018 p.329-336

scholarly journals Performance of a Cartridge-Based Assay for Detection of Clinically Significant Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection: Lessons from VALGENT (Validation of HPV Genotyping Tests)

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 2337-2342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Cuschieri ◽  
Daan Geraets ◽  
Jack Cuzick ◽  
Louise Cadman ◽  
Catherine Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Hpv Genotyping ◽  
Hpv Assays

The Validation of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotyping Tests (VALGENT) studies offer an opportunity to clinically validate HPV assays for use in primary screening for cervical cancer and also provide a framework for the comparison of analytical and type-specific performance. Through VALGENT, we assessed the performance of the cartridge-based Xpert HPV assay (Xpert HPV), which detects 14 high-risk (HR) types and resolves HPV16 and HPV18/45. Samples from women attending the United Kingdom cervical screening program enriched with cytologically abnormal samples were collated. All had been previously tested by a clinically validated standard comparator test (SCT), the GP5+/6+ enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the Xpert HPV for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) and CIN3+ relative to those of the SCT were assessed as were the inter- and intralaboratory reproducibilities according to international criteria for test validation. Type concordance for HPV16 and HPV18/45 between the Xpert HPV and the SCT was also analyzed. The Xpert HPV detected 94% of CIN2+ and 98% of CIN3+ lesions among all screened women and 90% of CIN2+ and 96% of CIN3+ lesions in women 30 years and older. The specificity for CIN1 or less (≤CIN1) was 83% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80 to 85%) in all women and 88% (95% CI, 86 to 91%) in women 30 years and older. Inter- and intralaboratory agreements for the Xpert HPV were 98% and 97%, respectively. The kappa agreements for HPV16 and HPV18/45 between the clinically validated reference test (GP5+/6+ LMNX) and the Xpert HPV were 0.92 and 0.91, respectively. The clinical performance and reproducibility of the Xpert HPV are comparable to those of well-established HPV assays and fulfill the criteria for use in primary cervical cancer screening.

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