scholarly journals “Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination for cervical cancer prevention. Is it safe and effective?”

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Damitha Asanga Gunawardane
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Hpv Vaccines

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer, which is the fourth most common cancer in women. Most of the cervical cancers are linked to genital infection with HPV and it is the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract. At present, there are three types of HPV vaccines available. Even though HPV vaccination is a primary prevention tool, that does not eliminate the need for routine cervical screening, since the vaccines do not protect against all high-risk HPV types. Ninety percent of HPV infections have no clinical consequences at all whether they are high-risk or low-risk subtypes of HPV. All three types of HPV vaccines have very high vaccine efficacy for prevention of HPV infection among females aged 14 to 26 years. Proper assessment of the safety of HPV vaccine is a problem even after proper systematic review since the most of the clinical trials on the safety of the vaccines were used Hepatitis A vaccine or high immunogenicity enhancing aluminium adjuvant as their placebo. HPV vaccination would be very cost effective for the countries when there is no cervical screening program or if the programme coverage is very poor.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(3) 2018 p.329-336

scholarly journals Methods for screening and prevention of HPV infection – a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Catalina Diana Stanica ◽  
◽  
Romina Marina Sima ◽  
Raluca Gabriela Ioan ◽  
Constantin Dimitrie Nanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Worldwide, cervical cancer ranks 4th in frequency in the female population, with about half of the cases being fatal. In Romania, it is the second type of cancer found in women, after breast cancer and the main cause of cancer mortality in patients aged between 15 and 44 years. The main cause of this type of cancer is human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. Although HPV is very widespread (> 85%), progression to cervical cancer is relatively rare. In countries that have implemented cervical screening programs, the incidence and mortality caused by this pathology have decreased by 50-75%. Also, the emergence of vaccines against the most common strains of oncogenic HPV and the implementation of vaccination programs will bring additional benefits in preventing cervical cancer. This paper presents the results of a retrospective study, performed on a number of 92 patients, which aimed to know the distribution of different HPV genotypes, their impact on the cervical epithelium, the degree of access to the national screening program, and openness to anti HPV vaccination.

Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of cervicovaginal human papillomavirus (HPV) carriage in a cross-sectional, multiethnic, community-based female Asian population

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Pei Khoo ◽  
Nirmala Bhoo-Pathy ◽  
Siew Hwei Yap ◽  
Mohd Khairul Anwar Shafii ◽  
Nazrilla Hairizan Nasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Prevalence

ObjectivesCervical cancer is a largely preventable disease, and the strategic implementation of a cervical cancer prevention programme is partly dependent on the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection interpreted within the context of the country’s sociodemographic attributes. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of cervicovaginal HPV infection among a healthy, community-based, multiethnic Malaysian population. The HPV prevalence was subsequently correlated to the individual’s sociodemographics and sexual/reproductive history. Of significance, the observed prevalence captured was in a birth cohort not included in the national school-based HPV vaccination programme.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study where 1293 healthy women aged between 18 and 60 years were recruited via convenience sampling from five community-based clinics in Selangor, Malaysia. Cervicovaginal self-samples were obtained and DNA was extracted for HPV detection and genotyping. A comprehensive questionnaire was administered to determine the sociodemographics and behavioural patterns of participants.ResultsThe median age at enrolment was 37 years old (IQR: 30–47). In total, 86/1190 (7.2%) of the samples collected were positive for HPV infection, with the highest HPV prevalence (11.9%) detected in the subgroup of 18–24 years old. The top three most prevalent HPV genotypes were HPV 16, 52 and 58. The independent risk factors associated with higher rates of HPV infection included Indian ethnicity, widowed status and women with partners who are away from home for long periods and/or has another sexual partner.ConclusionsThe overall prevalence of HPV infection in this Malaysian multiethnic population was 7.2%, with 6.5% being high-risk genotypes. The top three most common high-risk HPV types were HPV 16, 52 and 58. This information is important for the planning of primary (HPV vaccination) and secondary (screening) cervical cancer prevention programmes in Malaysia.

Human Papillomavirus Selected Properties and Related Cervical Cancer Prevention Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 2073-2086
Author(s):  
Saule Balmagambetova ◽  
Andrea Tinelli ◽  
Ospan A. Mynbaev ◽  
Arip Koyshybaev ◽  
Olzhas Urazayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Screening Programs

High-risk human papillomavirus strains are widely known to be the causative agents responsible for cervical cancer development. Aggregated damage caused by papillomaviruses solely is estimated in at least 5% of all malignancies of the human body and 16% in cancers that affect the female genital area. Enhanced understanding of the complex issue on how the high extent of carcinogenicity is eventually formed due to the infection by the Papoviridae family would contribute to enhancing current prevention strategies not only towards cervical cancer, but also other HPV associated cancers. This review article is aimed at presenting the key points in two directions: the current cervical cancer prevention and related aspects of HPV behavior. Virtually all applied technologies related to HPV diagnostics and screening programs, such as HPV tests, colposcopy-based tests (VIA/VILI), conventional and liquid-based cytology, currently available are presented. Issues of availability, advantages, and drawbacks of the screening programs, as well as vaccination strategies, are also reviewed in the article based on the analyzed sources. The current point of view regarding HPV is discussed with emphasis on the most problematic aspect of the HPV family concerning the observed increasing number of highly carcinogenic types. Present trends in HPV infection diagnostics throughout the human fluids and tissues are also reported, including the latest novelties in this field, such as HPV assay/self-sample device combinations. Besides, a brief outline of the related prevention issues in Kazakhstan, the leading country of Central Asia, is presented. Kazakhstan, as one of the post-soviet middle-income countries, may serve as an example of the current situation in those terrains, concerning the implementation of globally accepted cervical cancer prevention strategies. Along with positive achievements, such as the development of a nationwide screening program, a range of drawbacks is also analyzed and discussed.

scholarly journals Working towards a comprehensive understanding of HPV and cervical cancer among Indigenous women: a qualitative systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e050113
Author(s):  
Sneha Sethi ◽  
Brianna Poirier ◽  
Karen Canfell ◽  
Megan Smith ◽  
Gail Garvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Social Ecological Model ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Social Ecological

RationaleIndigenous peoples carry a disproportionate burden of infectious diseases and cancers and are over-represented among the socially disadvantaged of most countries. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor and causative agent of cervical, oropharyngeal and other cancers. Recent literature shows evidence of Indigenous populations being at increased risk of HPV infections and its associated cancers.ObjectiveThis is a qualitative systematic review. The objective of this study was to explore the experiences and barriers Indigenous women face in relation to HPV awareness, knowledge and cervical screening, in order to better understand factors that may mitigate against or facilitate prevention efforts for HPV infection and associated cancers.MethodsTwo investigators independently searched MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases (for articles published from inception until 30 June 2020) using a prespecified search strategy to identify qualitative studies on narratives of Indigenous women regarding HPV infection awareness, knowledge and cervical screening, across all geographic and income-level settings. Using a ‘meta-study’ approach, a social ecological model of cervical screening, infection and associated cancer prevention among Indigenous populations was formulated.ResultsFive core themes were identified and formulated within the social ecological model; intrapersonal factors, interpersonal factors, institutional/organisational factors, sociocultural/community factors and public policy. These collectively formed the proposed social ecological model of HPV infection awareness and cervical cancer prevention among Indigenous women. This model has been synthesised by taking into account personal stories of Indigenous women and healthcare workers, thus offering a more nuanced, organised, structured and culturally sensitive approach to policy translation.ConclusionThe social ecological model of HPV infection awareness and cervical cancer prevention among Indigenous women offers a holistic and practical approach for Indigenous health policy makers. It clearly addresses the high risk of Indigenous populations at a global level in experience of both HPV infection and HPV-related cancers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020207643.

scholarly journals Smartphone-Enhanced Training, QA, Monitoring, and Evaluation of a Platform for Secondary Prevention of Cervical Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges to Implementation in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
pp. 1114-1123
Author(s):  
Karen Yeates ◽  
Erica Erwin ◽  
Zac Mtema ◽  
Frank Magoti ◽  
Simoni Nkumbugwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Supportive Supervision ◽  
Health Providers

PURPOSE Until human papillomavirus (HPV)–based cervical screening is more affordable and widely available, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is recommended by the WHO for screening in lower-resource settings. Visual inspection will still be required to assess the cervix for women whose screening is positive for high-risk HPV. However, the quality of VIA can vary widely, and it is difficult to maintain a well-trained cadre of providers. We developed a smartphone-enhanced VIA platform (SEVIA) for real-time secure sharing of cervical images for remote supportive supervision, data monitoring, and evaluation. METHODS We assessed programmatic outcomes so that findings could be translated into routine care in the Tanzania National Cervical Cancer Prevention Program. We compared VIA positivity rates (for HIV-positive and HIV-negative women) before and after implementation. We collected demographic, diagnostic, treatment, and loss-to-follow-up data. RESULTS From July 2016 to June 2017, 10,545 women were screened using SEVIA at 24 health facilities across 5 regions of Tanzania. In the first 6 months of implementation, screening quality increased significantly from the baseline rate in the prior year, with a well-trained cadre of more than 50 health providers who “graduated” from the supportive-supervision training model. However, losses to follow-up for women referred for further evaluation or to a higher level of care were considerable. CONCLUSION The SEVIA platform is a feasible, quality improvement, mobile health intervention that can be integrated into a national cervical screening program. Our model demonstrates potential for scalability. As HPV screening becomes more affordable, the platform can be used for visual assessment of the cervix to determine amenability for same-day ablative therapy and/or as a secondary triage step, if needed.

Cervical neoplasia

2019 ◽  
pp. 357-364
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Cervical Neoplasia ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
The Bethesda System ◽  
Common Malignancy

Cervical neoplasia provides an overview of the 4th most common malignancy in women worldwide, including the premalignant phase. Specific terminology used in cytology and histology (including atypia, dyskaryosis, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia (CGIN) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) are explained, and the epidemiology and risk factors (with an emphasis on human papilloma virus (HPV)) for this common malignancy are included. Clinical presentation is outlined. Cervical screening is discussed, including the role of HPV testing, and both the British Association for Cytopathology/NHS cervical screening program 2013 classification of cervical cytology and the Bethesda system (used more widely worldwide) are explained. Diagnosis includes colposcopic examination of the cervix, and the management of both CIN and cervical cancer are included. HPV vaccination, pregnancy, and women living with HIV (including ICC as AIDS-defining) are discussed.

54. CAPITALISING ON THE UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY OF THE HPV VACCINE, FOR A CERVICAL SCREENING PROGRAM

Sexual Health ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
L. Rawlings
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
National Immunisation ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Current Program ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Research And Education

The medical advancement of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine and it's swift addition to the National Immunisation Program, caused a sudden surge in the public's awareness and interest in HPV. The challenge for PapScreen Victoria, a state based cervical screening program, was to react quickly and strategically to ensure that this new knowledge did not prevent women from having Pap tests. PapScreen pre-empted that the vaccine would have a huge impact on the current program, and undertook an educational journey to identify issues. The program sought expert opinions, formulated new partnerships in the immunisation sector and examined the current research. The program identified that its role was to inform women about HPV and the importance to continue screening in this new era of HPV vaccination. In the prevention of cervical cancer, there was also a role to inform health professionals, parents and young women about the benefits of the vaccine. The challenge was capatilising on the unique opportunity that the vaccine created. Developing and implementing strategies quickly was paramount in the program's success on capitalising this interest. Across three main areas - community, communications and research - the program implemented a range of strategies, including new resources, media opportunities, formative research and education, among others. PapScreen's aim was to remain the prime source of information for the prevention of cervical cancer in Victoria. The success of these strategies has been profound and immunisation messages are now included in all program messages across a range of sectors. The program was able to capitalise on this unique occasion by being flexible, proactive and strategically adaptable to the public health environment.

scholarly journals Vaccination against HPV: Theoretical Aspects and Practical Results of Cervical Cancer Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
N. V. Zarochentseva ◽  
O. I. Trushina ◽  
E. G Novikova ◽  
I. I. Baranov ◽  
P. D. Lopukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Vaccination Programs

Relevance. Cervical cancer (CC) continues to be the focus of attention of oncologists all over the world due to the fact that the incidence of it over the past decades has not tended to decrease. The steady increase in morbidity, high mortality rates, and the tendency to «rejuvenate» the disease, the relatively low detection rate of the early stages of the disease due to poor results of cytological screening predetermine the search for new scientifically based approaches to solving cervical cancer problems. A promising direction for the prevention of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) is prophylactic vaccination against HPV, the need for which is due to the role of HPV infection in carcinogenesis processes.The aim of this article is to summarize the currently available data on advances in the prevention of precancerous lesions and cervical cancer, primarily through vaccination against HPV infection.Conclusions. The creation of vaccines for the prevention of oncogenic HPV types is a significant achievement in the biomedical research area. The successful development of a group of vaccines, which can confidently be called the vaccines of the 21st century, gives us hope that modern medicine has the potential to reduce population cancer risk and reduce the likelihood of early onset of cervical cancer. Demonstration of the efficacy and feasibility of routine HPV vaccination programs in a number of countries demonstrates encouraging progress in solving cervical cancer problems. Vaccination against HPV will not only ensure epidemiological well-being, but also lead to a decrease in morbidity and mortality from such a terrible complication of human papillomavirus infection – cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Precision Prevention: The 2019 ASCCP Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines for Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening Tests and Cancer Precursors

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-280
Author(s):  
Ritu Nayar
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Consensus Guidelines

The approach to cervical cancer prevention has evolved significantly over the past two decades. HPV immunization has decreased the specificity of screening modalities and HPV-based testing has been replacing our previously successful morphology-only approach. Additionally, there is much more emphasis on providing precision prevention, rather than the previously used “one-fits-all” management strategies. A number of new biomarkers are entering clinical practice and being integrated into cervical cancer screening and management in order to enable a more personalized assessment of the risk for precancer/cancer for an individual patient. The 2019 ASCCP Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines expand on the concept of “equal management for equal risk”. They consider a patient’s history in addition to current test results to provide recommendations for increased surveillance/treatment in patients at higher risk for CIN3+ while minimizing interventions for lower-risk patients who have new versus persistent HPV infection. Clinical management decisions are based on immediate risk and 5-year risk estimates for CIN3+, which are determined by referencing an extensive risk table compiled by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The course of action for a given patient is recommended by comparison of the risk in the risk database, to the predetermined clinical action thresholds. These guidelines address the need for simplification and offer some stability for the provider while being conducive to the incorporation of anticipated continued technologic advances in methods for cervical cancer prevention. Their enduring nature will allow for changes needed based on risk reduction as HPV vaccination uptake increases and vaccinated women reach screening age. Similarly, the design allows for the addition of new tests into the risk assessment calculations after their approval by applicable regulatory agencies and review/consensus approval by the ASCCP new technology and enduring guidelines workgroups. As cytopathologists, we must be familiar with the scientific advancements in primary and secondary prevention, evolving screening and management guidelines, and participate actively in the multidisciplinary approach for the prevention of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Types, and Factors of HPV Infection Among Women With Abnormal Cervical Cytology Screening at Ramathibodi Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Nithitda Boonthum ◽  
Somsak Suthutvoravut
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
Cytology Screening

Background: Cervical cancer is the second leading cancer among Thai women. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common cause of cervical cancer. HPV16 and HPV18 are the most prevalence types in women with cervical cancer. Objectives: To study the prevalence and types of HPV infection and its associated risk factors among women with abnormal cervical cytology screening. Methods: This cross-sectional study purposively recruited 376 women who had abnormal cervical cytology screening by liquid-based cytology at the outpatient clinic, Ramathibodi Hospital from August 2015 until March 2016. HPV genotyping was done by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Analysis of the personal characteristics was done using descriptive statistics. Results: The prevalence of HPV infection was 41.5%. Among them, a single infection was found in 78.8% of women. The most common genotypes were HPV16 (8.5%) and HPV52 (7.7%). But HPV18 was found in only 1.9%. The characteristic which was significantly associated with HPV infection was age, nulliparity, and high-graded dysplasia (P < .05). Conclusions: High prevalence rate of HPV infection was found among women with abnormal cytology. High-risk HPV prevalence and type distribution may be useful for public health authorities in assessing the cervical screening program.  

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