Losartan reduces collagen content and intimal thickening of iliac arteries after balloon injury in rabbits

Previous studies suggesting that norepinephrine is directly trophic for the vascular wall have been confounded by concomitant hemodynamic disturbances. Herein, a microcatheter connected to an osmotic minipump was implanted adjacent to the rat carotid for 2-wk perivascular suffusion of agents at systemic levels ∼1,000 times below the threshold for altering arterial pressure. Norepinephrine decreased lumen and adventitial areas and circumference by 10, 14, and 5%, respectively (all P < 0.05); a nonsubtype-specific α1-adrenoceptor (AR) antagonist had no effect. When begun at the time of balloon injury, 2-wk norepinephrine increased lumen loss by 45%, increased neointimal area by 64% and collagen content by 33%, and reduced vessel circumference by 5% (all P < 0.05). α1-AR antagonists decreased neointimal area by 33% (all P < 0.05). α1A-AR antagonist reduced lumen loss by 70%, neointimal area by 54%, circumference decline by 84%, and adventitial thickening by 87% (all P < 0.05), whereas α1B-, α1D-, α2- and β-AR antagonists were without effect. These are the first in vivo studies demonstrating that norepinephrine is directly trophic for the vascular wall and augments injury-induced intimal lesion growth.

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Yiqihuoxuejiedu Formula Inhibits Vascular Remodeling by Reducing Proliferation and Secretion of Adventitial Fibroblast after Balloon Injury

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/849167 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ming-Jing Zhao ◽

Ai-Ming Wu ◽

Jie Wang ◽

Hong Chang ◽

Yong-Hong Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vascular Remodeling ◽

Coronary Intervention ◽

Collagen Content ◽

Type I ◽

Balloon Injury ◽

Wall Area ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Neointimal Proliferation ◽

Therapeutic Principles ◽

Vessel Wall Area

Vascular remodeling occurs in atherosclerosis, hypertension, and restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Adventitial remodeling may be a potential therapeutic target. Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula uses therapeutic principles from Chinese medicine to supplement Qi, activate blood circulation, and resolve toxin and it has been shown to inhibit vascular stenosis. To investigate effects and mechanisms of the formula on inhibiting vascular remodeling, especially adventitial remodeling, rats with a balloon injury to their common carotid artery were used and were treated for 7 or 28 days after injury. The adventitial area andα-SMA expression increased at 7 days after injury, which indicated activation and proliferation of adventitial fibroblasts. Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula reduced the adventitial areas at 7 days, attenuated the neointima and vessel wall area, stenosis percent, andα-SMA expression in the neointima, and reduced collagen content and type I/III collagen ratio in the adventitia at 28 days. Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula had more positive effects than Captopril in reducing intimal proliferation and diminishing stenosis, although Captopril lowered neointimalα-SMA expression and reduced the collagen content at 28 days. Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula has inhibitory effects on positive and negative remodeling by reducing adventitial and neointimal proliferation, reducing content, and elevating adventitial compliance.

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