Editorial: Migration and development: Comparing Mexico-US and Turkey-Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci ◽  
Eugen Stark
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Us ◽  
Western European ◽  
Migration And Development

About 12 million people born in Mexico are in the US while about four million Turks are in the European Union. Migration has been part of the strong relationship between these sending and receiving countries. Both Mexico's and Turkey's economies expanded significantly over the last two decades. However, there has also been displacement and outmigration from both countries. Over 500,000 Mexicans moved to the US each year between 2004 and 2007, and most were unauthorized. Researchers from Mexico and the US and Turkey and Western European countries examine the demography, economy, and politics of Mexico-US and Turkey-western Europe migration in this special issue.

scholarly journals PRIVATE CONSUMPTION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
ONOFREI Nicoleta ◽  
PAŞA, Adina Teodora
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Private Consumption ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western European ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The aim of this paper is to study consumption of households from an economic and cultural perspective in the European Union with 28 Member States during the period 2010-2019. For this purpose, we compared the Eastern European countries, dominated by rapid economic growth and development with the Western European countries, which represent the most developed countries in the EU-28. From this perspective, we proposed a multidimensional analysis of consumption that includes macroeconomic indicators of households’ wealth, which strongly influence their consumption together with an overview on expenditure by consumption purpose. Moreover, we have also considered Hofstede’s cultural dimension theory based initially on four cultural dimensions (power distance, individualism versus collectivism, masculinity versus femininity, and uncertainty avoidance) to observe the impact national culture plays on households’ consumption in Eastern and Western European countries tracking the historical changes of these countries. Our methodological approach consisted in descriptive and inferential statistics based on the selected economic and cultural indicators. Pearson’s product-moment correlations were calculated to assess the correlations between the variables. Our analysis shows that the level of wealth is lower in Eastern European countries compared to Western Europe, which influences significantly the private consumption in these countries. Moreover, the systematic differences of national culture between Eastern and Western Europe influence strongly the private consumption of their population. Results of this paper indicate that in Eastern European countries the highest share of expenditure is allocated to primary needs such as food, non-alcoholic beverages, alcoholic beverages and cigarettes to the detriment of health, education, recreation and culture.

PP106 Twenty Years Of Orphan Medicines Regulation: Have Treatments Reached Patients In Need Across Europe And Canada?

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (S1) ◽  
pp. 19-19
Author(s):  
Nadine Henderson ◽  
Phill O'Neill ◽  
Martina Garau
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Marketing Authorization ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
Orphan Medicinal Products ◽  
Medicines Regulation ◽  
Canadian Provinces

IntroductionThe European Union regulation for orphan medicinal products (OMPs) was introduced to improve the quality of treatments for patients with rare conditions. To mark 20 years of European Union OMP regulation, this study compared access to OMPs and the length of their reimbursement process in a set of European countries and Canadian provinces. Access refers to their full or partial reimbursement by the public health service.MethodsData were collated on European Medicines Agency orphan designation and marketing authorizations, health technology assessment (HTA) decisions and reimbursement decisions, and the respective dates of these events for all the OMPs centrally authorized in 14 European countries (Belgium, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Scotland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland) and four Canadian provinces (Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec).ResultsSince the implementation of the OMPs Regulation in 2000, 215 OMPs obtained marketing authorization. We found that Germany had the highest level of coverage, with 91 percent of OMPs being reimbursed. The three countries with the lowest reimbursement rates were Poland, Hungary, and Norway (below 30%). We observed that Germany had the quickest time to reimbursement following marketing authorization, followed by Switzerland and Scotland. We observed that Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia consistently had the longest time to reimbursement.ConclusionsWe observed substantial variation in the levels and speed of national reimbursement of OMPs, particularly when comparing countries in Eastern and Western Europe, which suggests that an equity gap between the regions may be present. The data also indicated a trend toward faster times to reimbursement over the past 10 years.

Bat Ye’or and Eurabia

2019 ◽  
pp. 170-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindre Bangstad
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Far Right ◽  
The Us ◽  
Muslim Majority

This chapter discusses the life and work of Bat Ye’or (Gisèle Littman), who is widely seen as the doyenne of “Eurabia”-literature. This comes in different varieties and formulations, but in Bat Ye’or’s rendering refers to an ongoing secretive conspiracy which involves both the European Union and Muslim-majority countries in North Africa and the Middle East, aimed at establishing Muslim control over a future Europe or “Eurabia.” Though Bat Ye’or did not coin the term “Eurabia,” she can be credited with having popularized the concept through quasi-academic titles such as Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis and Europe, Globalization and the Coming Universal Caliphate. Through its dissemination on various “counter-jihadist” websites and in the work of the Norwegian counter-jihadist blogger Fjordman, her work inspired the Norwegian terrorist Anders Behring Breivik. She also has long-standing relations with Serbian ultranationalists, the Israeli Far Right, and various radical Right activists in Western Europe and the US.

scholarly journals The European Astrophysics Doctoral Network

1998 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Thomas Patrick Ray
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Western European

In 1986, a group of university astrophysics institutes in eleven Western European countries established a federation known as the European Astrophysics Doctoral Network (EADN). The aims of the EADN, then and now, are to stimulate the mobility of postgraduate students in astrophysics within Europe, and to organize pre-doctoral astrophysics schools for graduate students at the beginning of their PhD research. The network has by now expanded to include about 30 institutes in 17 Western European countries, and ways are being actively sought for expanding the EADN even further to include Eastern and Central Europe. The coordinators have been Prof. Jean Heyvaerts (France) until 1992, Prof. Loukas Vlahos (Greece) 1992–1993 and myself since 1993. The network is financially supported by the European Union “ERASMUS” and the “Human Capital & Mobility” programmes as well as by national funds.

scholarly journals Consequences of the Radicalization of Migration Policy In Western Europe: Socio-Economic Aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Maxim Kulaga
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Western European ◽  
Migration Crisis

The problem of regulating migration flows in the European Union has existed for a long time and is becomingmore difficult and complex every year. Due to the complexity of the distribution of migrants among the member countries of the organization, as well as the divergence of domestic interests of individual countries and the pan-European policy vector, internal opposition arises, which is expressed in protests and political initiatives that radicalize society. Such trends are developing especially actively in the countries of Western Europe, the most economically developed and progressive, which have taken over most of the legal migrants who have arrived. The migration policy of Western European countries has undergone a very strong metamorphosis over the past five years. Since the beginning of the migration crisis in 2015, it is possible to trace a significant strengthening and tightening of measures regulating the situation of migrants on the territory of states. It should be noted that during the same period, a new round of development of radical parties followed in many European countries, but it was in Western European countries that radical changes in politics took place. It is quite difficult to determine what impact migrants have on the state of the economy of states, as well as their relations with the indigenous inhabitants of Western European countries. Accordingly, the purpose of this article will be to consider the socio-economic impact of migrants on the countries of Western Europe during the period of radicalization of the policy of the states of the region in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Among the methods used in this study, it is necessary to distinguish empirical and theoretical ones, such as comparison, analysis and synthesis. The sources were considered on the basis of a system-structural approach to the study of complex political and social processes and phenomena, taking into account many aspects of the development of modern society and the political process in the countries. The analysis of the current situation was carried out on the basis of the principles of historicism, cultural and political continuity. The results of this study can be used in the future to form effective methods of countering social conflicts arising as a result of migration.

scholarly journals The Hidden Business Costs Of European Union Enlargement: The Case Of The Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Phillips ◽  
Emil Stark ◽  
Jerry Wheat
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
European Union Enlargement ◽  
Western European ◽  
The Eu

Enlargement of the European Union (EU) will take place on May 1, 2004. Nine countries from Eastern Europe will become full fledged members of the union. While these countries have met the EU accession criteria many are not really ready to compete with Western European companies. One of the major impediments for firms in the East is the hidden costs of joining the union. This paper explores some of the case of the Czech Republic, what hidden costs are currently apparent, and suggests changes that would make the Czech Republic more competitive in Western Europe.

scholarly journals Mitterrand and the Great European Design—From the Cold War to the European Union

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ramiro Troitiño ◽  
Karoline Färber ◽  
Anni Boiro
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Common Currency ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Western European

AbstractFrançois Mitterrand had a leading role in directing the course for the European integration process. While he orchestrated the economic integration of Europe, he remained deeply opposed to further political integration within the Communities. This article researches Mitterrand’s rationale for his clear focus on economic affairs and develops his vision for the institutional setting of the European Union (EU). The focus of the article is allocated to four different perspectives that reflect the four pillars of Mitterrand’s European policy: the common currency, the establishment of a closely integrated and small Western European based EU, the development of the Social Europe and of a free trade area between Europe and Africa. It is argued that although EU institutions have been established based on Mitterrand’s design, today’s reality deviates from the conditions on which his plan was based. For Mitterrand, the ideal EU involved a deep-rooted Western Europe with France at its core and a loose association with Central and Eastern Europe. His perception resembles the current discussions of multi-speed Europe and the determination of France and Germany to proceed to the next stage of the integration process. Importantly, Mitterrand’s print can still be recognised in the EU’s social policy included in the treaties, yet still far from being implemented. Notably, like all of the French Presidents, Mitterrand developed a design for Africa in which an extensive free trade area between Europe and former French colonies were to be established. In this proposal, Germany was to be assigned the part of the economic engine behind the actualisation of the proposal, while France was to carry out the role of a required middle man of the transactions. To further assure France’s political predominance over the Communities, Mitterrand designed a common currency for a small number of homogenous Western-European states.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN THE ASPECT OF THE INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDOR «WESTERN EUROPE-WESTERN CHINA» ON KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.U. Birimkulova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Western China ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
The European Union ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
International Transport ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the role and significance of the project "Western Europe and Western China" between the countries of the European Union and the people's Republic of China in the development of regions of Kazakhstan. In addition, the author focused on the project, where several years ago Kazakhstan began actively discussing the option of turning from China to Western European countries into one of the most important international transport and transit hubs along the roads. At the same time, reference was made to the ancient history that Chinese goods along the silk road were delivered by caravans to Russia and European countries. Analyzed the impact of the relations between the European Union and China on the Republic of Kazakhstan in the framework of the project "Western Europe and Western China".

scholarly journals Income and Poverty in Households in Selected European Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (345) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Teresa Ćwiek ◽  
Paweł Ulman
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Visegrad Group

Incomes of population and poverty are key elements of the EU cohesion policy which aims at reducing disparities between the levels of development of individual regions. The traditionally appropriate study to evaluate the convergence of the Member States is the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU‑SILC). However, this is not the only source of information on income distribution and social inclusion in the European Union. In this article, the basis for calculations are the results of the fourth European Quality of Life Surveys (EQLS), whose purpose is to measure both objective and subjective indicators of the standard of living of citizens and their households. The aim of the paper is to assess the diversity of distributions of household incomes and the level of income poverty due to the selected socio‑demographic characteristics of the respondent or household in selected European countries in two periods: 2007 and 2016. Countries of the Visegrad Group (Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary) were selected for the analysis, along with the Weimar Triangle (Poland, Germany, and France). Such a selection allowed us to compare the financial situation of households in Western Europe with those in Central and Eastern Europe. Poland becomes a natural link between all these countries. The article uses modelling methods of income distribution, indicators of distance (overlapping) of distributions and aggregate indicators of the scope, depth and severity of poverty. Those ratios were determined on the basis of the use of relative. In order to ensure comparability of incomes of households with different demographic compositions, the analysis used equivalent incomes. As a result of the preliminary analysis, differences were noted regarding the measured position, variation and asymmetry of equivalent incomes in the studied households. The applied gap measurements showed a significant disparity between the distributions of income in Western European countries (Germany, France) and the countries of the Visegrad Group, but the size of that differentation de creased significantly in 2016 relative to 2007. Important differentiation was also noted in terms of income poverty risk within the Visegrad Group: the highest proportion of households at risk of poverty exists in Poland and the lowest in the Czech Republic.

Modern trends in development of European tourism and its implications on the development of Croatia's tourism

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-328
Author(s):  
Ivan Vuković
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Development ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The North ◽  
Western European ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Tourism Economy ◽  
North Western

Modern trends in the development of European tourism, especially in the north-western European countries, characterise a permanent increasement of tourism and a demand for new tourist destinations, which provide quality tourist services. In this context, the importance for development of Croatian tourism is as one of the biggest European tourism countries. In this research we tried to investigate modem trends in the development of European tourism, as well as the influence of economical, social and political development on development of tourism. These trends in European tourism have repercussions on the possibility of development of Croatian tourism, with condition of changing the structure in hotel and tourism economy. We must have the high standards of services in our hotels, so we should integrate with the European Union.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document