scholarly journals Incidence of ash dieback in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe depending on stand characteristics

Author(s):  
V. L. Meshkova ◽  
V. L. Borysova

The incidence of ash dieback in the forest-steppe part of Sumy and Kharkiv Regions was analysed taking into account the type of forest site conditions, the stand age, relative stocking density, site index class and the proportion of European ash in the stand composition. Ash dieback is quite widespread in inspected stands of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Sumy and Kharkiv Regions. The disease spreads similarly in natural and artificial stands. It was more often revealed in the fresh fertile forest site conditions, however, such forest site conditions are the most spread and the most favourable for European ash. It was found that ash dieback incidence tends to grow with a stand aging and lasts up to the stand’s age of 80. It can be explained by the development of stem and collar rots which occur later. Ash dieback incidence is the highest in the stands with 40–70 % of ash in their composition, at a relative density of stocking over 0.5 in the stands of different site index classes.

Author(s):  
V. L. Meshkova ◽  
V. L. Borysova

The age structure of European ash stands in the forest fund of ten forest enterprises from Sumy, Kharkiv and Poltava regions was analyzed considering forest site conditions, stand origin, site index and ash proportion in the forest composition. The average age of ash stands is 68 years for the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe. On average from 46.1 % to 81.6% of European ash stands survive up to the V age class. The average age of ash stands is the highest in the forest-steppe part of Sumy Region in D2 and D3, in Kharkiv Region in D1, and in Poltava Region in C2 and C3. The average age is the highest (75 years) in artificial seed stands in Kharkiv Region, in natural seed (86 years) and vegetative (77 years) origin in Sumy Region. The survival of pure and almost pure ash stands is the highest in Kharkiv Region and the lowest in Poltava Region. In the legislatively adopted maturity age (VIII age class) survival of European ash with its proportion of 80–100 % is 26.5 %, 13.1 % and 3.2 % in Kharkiv, Sumy and Poltava Regions respectively. Correction of the main felling age in forests that are possible for exploitation is suggested considering the possible loss of timber quality as a result of forest damage by different causes.


Author(s):  
V. L. MESHKOVA ◽  
Ya. V. KOSHELYAEVA

The aim of this work was to define the features of the age structure of the silver birch stands in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe considering forest site conditions, origin, site index and proportion of this species in the forest composition. Survival of silver birch in almost all age classes was the lowest in the relatively poor forest site conditions. The mean weighted age classes of silver birch are IV.8 in vegetative stands and IV.6 – in artificial seed stands. For all origins, the mean weighted age classes are V.1 for Sumy Region and IV.6 – for Kharkiv and Poltava Regions. The stands of the lower productivity have the least longevity. Survival of pure and almost pure stands (silver birch make 90 % of all the trees) is the lowest. At that, it is the highest in Sumy Region.


Author(s):  
В.Л. Мешкова ◽  
Я.В. Кошеляева

Цель исследования – выявить особенности двухлетней динамики показателей санитарного состояния березы повислой (Betula pendula Roth) в различных типах лесорастительных условий Левобережной лесостепи Украины. Проанализированы данные о санитарном состоянии березы повислой, полученные в 2015–2016 гг. на девяти пробных площадях. Три из них представляют свежую суборь (В2), три – свежий сугрудок (С2) и три – свежий груд (D2) (по классификации Алексеева–Погребняка) – наиболее представленные в регионе типы лесорастительных условий. Все насаждения имеют искусст­венное семенное происхождение и примерно одинаковый возраст (40–45 лет), что соответствует наибольшему представительству в лесном фонде Левобережной лесостепи. Категорию санитарного состояния каждого дерева березы на пробных площадях оценивали в соответствии с Санитарными правилами в лесах Украины. Индекс санитарного состояния насаждений определяли по количеству деревьев и по доле площади поперечного сечения стволов, представленных в каждой категории санитарного состояния. Индекс санитарного состояния отдельно рассчитывали для всех деревьев (II–VI) и для жизнеспособных деревьев I–IV категорий санитарного состояния (II–IV). Значения индексов санитарного состояния анализируемых насаж­дений, вычисленных с учетом как распределения деревьев, так и их площади поперечного сечения (1,7–2,5), позволяют считать эти березняки ослабленными. Отмечена тенденция ухудшения состояния березы в 2016 г., по сравнению с 2015 г., а также в ряду свежие субори (В2) – свежие сугрудки (С2) – свежие груды (D2). Среднее санитарное состояние ухудшалось преимущественно из-за плохого состояния деревья с меньшим диаметром, т. е. патологические процессы не были выражены в насаждениях в целом. В обследованных насаждениях зафиксированы такие признаки ослабления, как усыхание вершин, наличие водяных побегов, заселение стволовыми насекомыми (входные отверстия, ходы), потеки на стволах. В 2016 г., по сравнению с 2015 г., возросла доля деревьев с признаками бактериальной водянки. The goal of research was to reveal the peculiarities of two-year dynamics of health condition indices for silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in different types of forest site conditions of the Left-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Presented data on silver birch health condition were obtained from 9 permanent sample plots in 2015–2016. Three plots were located in a fresh subor (fresh relatively poor forest site conditions В2), other three plots in a fresh sugrud (fresh relatively fertile forest site conditions C2), and three more plots in a fresh grud (fresh fertile forest site conditions D2) (by Alekseyev–Pogrebnyak classification). These forest site conditions are the most represented in the region. All studied stands were  of artificial seed origin and are about the same age (40–45 years old), which reflects the largest representation in the forests of the Left-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Categories of health condition were assessed for each birch tree in the sample plots according to the «Sanitary rules in the forests of Ukraine». Index of forest health condition was evaluated by a number of trees and by the part of cross-sectional area of birch stems in each category of health condition. Index of forest health condition was calculated separately for all trees (II–VI) and for viable trees of the I–IV categories of health condition (II–IV). All evaluated indices of health condition (1.7–2.5) allow to suggest these birch stands weakened. There is a trend of worsening birch condition in 2016 comparing to 2015 as well as in the series «fresh relatively poor forest site conditions (В2) – fresh relatively fertile forest site conditions (С2) – fresh fertile forest site conditions (D2)». Worsening of health condition was registered mainly in trees with smaller diameter, thus pathological processes were not extensive in the stands as whole. Dieback, epicornic shoots, stem insects' entrance holes and galleries, and sap flux on stems were registered as the signs of stands weakening. In 2016 in comparison to 2015, the performance of wetwood has increased.


Author(s):  
V. P. Tkach ◽  
O. V. Kobets ◽  
M. G. Rumiantsev

The forest site capacity using was quantitatively assessed for the stands of the main forest-forming species of Ukraine, Scots pine and common oak, taking into account natural zones and forest types. The tables of productivity of modal and highly productive pine and oak stands have been developed. It has been found that the stands use an average of 50–75 % of the forest site capacity of lands. The average weighted value of the capacity used by pine forests was 68–76 % in the Polissya zone, 70–78 % and 68–73 % in the Right-bank and Left-bank Forest-Steppe zones respectively, and 54–78 % in the Steppe zone. For oak stands, the value was 71–75 % and 63–71 % for the Right-bank and Left-bank Forest-Steppe zones respectively and 65–75 % for the Steppe zone. The basis for increasing the productivity of forests was confirmed to be the differentiation of forest management systems and individual forestry activities on a zonal and typological basis.


Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjith Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Jobriath Kauffman ◽  
Matthew Fagan ◽  
John Coulston ◽  
Valerie Thomas ◽  
...  

Sustainable forest management is hugely dependent on high-quality estimates of forest site productivity, but it is challenging to generate productivity maps over large areas. We present a method for generating site index (a measure of such forest productivity) maps for plantation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forests over large areas in the southeastern United States by combining airborne laser scanning (ALS) data from disparate acquisitions and Landsat-based estimates of forest age. For predicting canopy heights, a linear regression model was developed using ALS data and field measurements from the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the US Forest Service (n = 211 plots). The model was strong (R2 = 0.84, RMSE = 1.85 m), and applicable over a large area (~208,000 sq. km). To estimate the site index, we combined the ALS estimated heights with Landsat-derived maps of stand age and planted pine area. The estimated bias was low (−0.28 m) and the RMSE (3.8 m, relative RMSE: 19.7%, base age 25 years) was consistent with other similar approaches. Due to Landsat-related constraints, our methodology is valid only for relatively young pine plantations established after 1984. We generated 30 m resolution site index maps over a large area (~832 sq. km). The site index distribution had a median value of 19.4 m, the 5th percentile value of 13.0 m and the 95th percentile value of 23.3 m. Further, using a watershed level analysis, we ranked these regions by their estimated productivity. These results demonstrate the potential and value of remote sensing based large-area site index maps.


1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Crow

Allometric regressions for estimating red maple (Acerrubrum L.) biomass did not differ by stand age and site index. Significant differences were found only in terms of error variance, not in terms of regression slope or intercept. These trends suggest a single predictive model is valid for regional estimates. More attention should be given to regional sampling procedures and predictive relations that are valid for a wide range of stand and site conditions in developing weight tables and conducting biomass inventories.


Author(s):  
В.Л. Мешкова ◽  
В.Л. Борисова

Цель исследования – оценка состояния ясеневых насаждений в условиях свежего груда (D2 по классификации Алексеева–Погребняка) – наиболее распространенного типа лесорастительных условий в лесостепной части Харьковской области. На 2-х постоянных пробных площадях (ПП) оценивали дефолиацию крон деревьев ясеня в конце июня и категорию санитарного состояния этих деревьев в конце июля или в августе. Индекс санитарного состояния насаждений определяли по коли­честву деревьев, по доле площади поперечного сечения стволов и по доле объема стволов, представленных в каждой категории санитарного состояния. Все показатели рассчитывали по всем деревьям (II–VI) и по жизнеспособным деревьям I–IV категорий санитарного состояния (II–IV). Дефолиация крон ясеня составила в среднем 35 ± 3%, на отдельных ПП – от 13,2 до 61,5%, а на индивидуальных деревьях – от 5 до 75%. Индекс санитарного состояния насаждений достоверно коррелирует с дефолиацией. Более высокий уровень дефолиации деревьев с большими диаметром и высотой подтвержден дисперсионным анализом. Связь дефолиации крон и индексов санитарного состояния ясеня с его участием в составе насаждений не подтверждена статистически. Обследованные насаждения ясеня обыкновенного относятся к кате­гории ослабленных или сильно ослабленных, а насаждения на ПП-3 и ПП-4 – к категории усыхающих. На ПП-9, ПП-19 и ПП-22 относительный диаметр деревьев IV категории санитарного состояния значительно превышал единицу (1,56, 1,36 и 1,33 соответственно), а индекс санитарного состояния насаждений, вычислен­ный по доле площади поперечного сечения стволов, был выше, чем вычисленный по количеству деревьев. Это свидетельствует о том, что в данных насаждениях развиваются патологические процессы, причем с недавнего времени, что подтверждает низкая встречаемость сухостоя. The goal of the research was an evaluation of ash stands health condition in fresh grud (fresh fertile forest site conditions D2) (by the Alekseyev-Pogrebnyak classification), which is the most widespread forest site condition in the forest-steppe part of Kharkiv Region of Ukraine. Defoliation of European ash was assessed at the end of June, and a category of health condition was assessed in late July or August at 22 permanent sample plots (SP). Health condition index of the stands was calculated by the number of trees, by proportion of cross-sectional area and by proportion of stem volume in each category of health condition. All these indices of forest health condition were calculated separately for all trees (II–VI) and for viable trees of the categories I–IV of health condition (II–IV). Average defoliation of European ash was 35 ± 3%, in certain permanent sample plots it varied from 13.2 to 61.5%, and for individual trees varied from 5 to 75%. Health condition index significantly correlates with defoliation. The higher defoliation of trees with greater diameter and height is proved by analysis of variances. Correlation of defoliation with the proportion of ash in the stand composition and with stand age was not proved statistically. Inspected ash stands were classified as the category «weakened» or «severely weakened», and the stands in the sample plots SP-3 and SP-4 were classified as the category «drying (dying)». Relative diameter of trees of the category IV of health condition in SP-9, SP-19, and SP-22 considerably exceeded 1 (1.56, 1.36 and 1.33, respectively). Health condition index, calculated by cross-sectional area, exceeded the index, calculated by tree number. It shows that pathological processes began to develop recently in these stands, which is supported by low occurrence of dead trees.


1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick C. Hall

Growth basal area (GBA) is a field method for determining site potential limitations on stockability. It is defined as the basal area (BA) at which dominant trees grow 1 in. (25 mm) diameter per decade at age 100. Diameter growth is a constant used to compare sites; basal area is a variable used to express different site potentials for stockability. For example, a site with GBA = 220 ft2/acre (50 m2/ha) means dominants will grow 1 in. per decade (25 mm) in diameter at 220 ft2 BA. This is twice the stockability potential of a site with GBA = 110 ft2 (25 m2/ha). GBA is determined by relating current stand diameter growth rate and BA to a curve which permits adjustment of current BA to that for 1 in. per decade diameter growth. GBA is based on two assumptions: (i) rate of diameter growth decreases with increasing basal area and is an index of intertree competition. (ii) Change in GBA with age is related to stand age. GBA can be combined with site index (SI), shown as SI-GBA, to connote different productivities within an SI class. GBA is discussed in regard to concept of GBA curve development, assumptions made, applications, and constraints.


2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
O. B. Bondar ◽  
L. I. Tkach ◽  
I. S. Lisina ◽  
M. S. Kolienkina ◽  
S. I. Musiyenko

<p>Here the sylvicultural and ecological analysis of typological structure of plantings silver and black poplar are presented for the riverine habitats of the Psel, Sula and Vorskla (the middle reaches of Seversky Donets river). Our analysis was based on forestry management electronic databases of Ukrainian National Forest Project Enterprise.</p><p>More than 38 forest types on the area of 4.9 thousand hectares were examined. The biological features of silver and black poplar were described briefly. The silver and black poplar reproduction pattern of the Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine was also examined. There was carried out the area allocation of tree species according the following points: forest type and origin, forest site quality, closure degree and age groups. By the tree stratum origin silver and black poplar are mostly artificially propagated, what is equivalent to 77.3 and 88.3 percent.</p><p>The silver and black poplar area around the rivers’ watershed of the Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine occupies 2813 and 2173 ha consequently.</p><p>Among forest types on research subject there are some forest types which dominate:  fresh quercetum fluvialis (25.0 %), wet quercetum fluvialis (17.4 %), wet quercetum-birchbark-maple fluvialis (16.3 %), wet lime tree-oak-pine tree sudubrava (11.4 %), fresh lime tree, oak, pine tree sudubrava (5.2 %), the rest of tree types represents less than 4.0 % of the total land area, covered with sylva. The silver and black poplar plantings’ distribution according to the site quality of forest on the rivers’ columbine of the Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine can be described in the following way: II and IV classes of the site quality of forest prevail, and the medium stocked tree stratum fluctuates from 52.9 to 87.8 per cent according to the normality.</p>


Author(s):  
V. L. Meshkova ◽  
O. I. Borysenko

The aim of the study was to develop an algorithm predicting the spread of bark beetles caused desiccation and to test it on the example of Teteriv Forest Enterprise. A set of parameters was tested, particularly proportion of pine in the forest composition, stand age, a relative density of stocking, stand origin and type of forest site conditions. Pine proportion in the forest composition and pine age have the greatest importance for prediction the threat of bark beetles caused desiccation. The relative density of stocking by itself is a less important risk factor than its sudden decrease. Prediction accuracy increases, if we consider the bordering of compartments with clear-cuts after main felling or clear sanitary felling of the last two years. Using a simplified scale (of two main parameters – pine proportion and pine age) gives the possibility to recognize the trend of foci area dynamics or to compare it for different administrative regions or natural zones. Confinement of bark beetles foci to specific subcompartments can be predicted by GIS tools using the suggested algorithm, forest inventory database and digitized maps.


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