scholarly journals Medical Undergraduates’ Residual Knowledge of Structural, Functional and Clinical Aspects of Cell and Histology at Recall and Understanding Levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Farhana Amin ◽  
Manowara Akter ◽  
Mohammed Humaun Kabir ◽  
Khondker Manzare Shamim
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Status ◽  
Medical Undergraduates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Recall Level

Context: The importance of the knowledge of Cell and Histology in grasping the paraclinical and clinical sciences by medical undergraduates is understandable. The rapidly changing scenario of the concepts of teaching-learning and assessment demands assessing the status of undergraduates’ residual knowledge from the viewpoint of teachers, curriculum planners and educational researchers. Materials and methods: Answering text-based (60%) and illustration-based (40%) single-sentence True/ False questions was attempted by 373 undergraduates who had completed the Cell and Histology portion of their course 3 to 6 months earlier in two government and two private medical colleges of Bangladesh. There were structurally-oriented (46.67%), functionally-oriented (43.33%) and clinically-oriented (10%) questions addressing mainly recall (58%) and understanding (40.67%) levels of cognitive domain. Comparisons were made among the numbers of correct answers to different types of question using ANOVA Post Hoc and t test, as applicable. Results: The mean frequency of correct response was 54.25%. Significantly more (p= 0.00) correct responses were recorded for the clinically-oriented (62.47%) and functionally-oriented (54.46%) questions than for the structurally-oriented (52.62%) questions. There were significantly (p= 0.00) fewer correct responses for the understanding-level questions (51.13%) than for the recall-level questions (56.65%). Conclusion: These results suggest that the residual knowledge of Cell and Histology in the undergraduates, though not very rich, may be governed both by a sense of relevance and by memorisation. Further study with a larger sample can add to these results to dictate curriculum modification and implementation, regarding teaching and assessment, in making learning more relevant and less memorisation-dependent. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i1.20507 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, January 2013, Vol. 11 No. 1 pp 34-43

scholarly journals Effect of preheating on the cytotoxicity of bulk-fill composite resins

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Esmaeel Ebrahimi Chaharom ◽  
Mahmoud Bahari ◽  
Leila Safyari ◽  
Hossein Safarvand ◽  
Hajar Shafaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Cylindrical Samples

Background . Due to the effect of pre-heating on the degree of conversion of composite resins and the possible effect on cytotoxicity, the effect of pre-heating of bulk-fill composite resins was investigated on cytotoxicity in this study. Methods. In this study, three different types of composite resin were used, including Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fil, Xtrafil, and Xtrabase. From each composite resin, 10 cylindrical samples (5 mm in diameter and 4 mm in height) were prepared, with five samples preheated to 68°C, and the other five samples polymerized at room temperature (25°C). Twenty-four hours after polymerization, cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay on human fibroblasts. Statistical analysis of data was carried out with two-way ANOVA and Sidak Post-Hoc. The significance level of the test was determined at 0.05. Results. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean percentage of cytotoxicity in terms of pre-heating (P>0.05), but the cytotoxicity of the studied composite resins was significantly different (P<0.001). The cytotoxicity of Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-fil composite resin was higher than that of the two other composite resins. Conclusion. Pre-heating of bulk-fill composite resin did not affect their cytotoxicity. In addition, the cytotoxicity of different bulk-fill composite resins was not the same.

scholarly journals Study on method of filtering noises from electroencephalography signals and its application for identification of several electroencephalography signals

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (T4) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Tuan Van Huynh ◽  
Vu Quang Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Independent Component Analysis ◽  
Digital Filters ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Independent Component ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Mean

Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals have usually been affected by different types of noise as 50 Hz noise, mechanical noise caused by body movements, heart disturbance, eye noise... In this paper, methods such as: independent component analysis (independent component analysis-ICA), discrete wavelet transform and design of digital filters, were used to filter the noises, to classify the basic components for EEG signals. Then the mean of energy value was calculated to identify the status of the EEG signals such as blink, thoughts, emotion, smoking and blood pressure. The results of calculations and simulations of signals EEG could demonstrate the efficiency of the method.

Hostile and Hardened? An Experimental Study on (De-)Sensitization to Violence and Suffering Through Playing Video Games

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frithjof Staude-Müller ◽  
Thomas Bliesener ◽  
Stefanie Luthman
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Physiological Measurement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Downward Spiral ◽  
Spiral Model ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Game Violence ◽  
First Person Shooter ◽  
Physiological Reactions

This study tests whether playing violent video games leads to desensitization and increased cardiovascular responding. In a laboratory experiment, 42 men spent 20 min playing either a high- or low-violence version of a “first-person shooter” game. Arousal (heart rate, respiration rate) was measured continuously. After playing the game, emotional responses to aversive and aggressive stimuli - pictures from Lang, Bradley, and Cuthbert’s (1999) International Affective Picture System - were assessed with self-ratings and physiological measurement (skin conductance). Results showed no differences in the judgments of emotional responses to the stimuli. However, different effects of game violence emerged in the physiological reactions to the different types of stimulus material. Participants in the high-violence condition showed significantly weaker reactions (desensitization) to aversive stimuli and reacted significantly more strongly (sensitization) to aggressive cues. No support was found for the arousal hypothesis. Post-hoc analyses are used to discuss possible moderating influences of gaming experience and player’s trait aggressiveness in terms of the General Aggression Model ( Anderson & Bushman, 2001 ) and the Downward Spiral Model ( Slater, Henry, Swaim, & Anderson, 2003 ).

Improving the Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension by Using Inquiry Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gigin Sappena Ginting ◽  
Siti Aisah Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Reading Process ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Comprehension Score ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Comprehension Tests ◽  
Orientation Test

This study attemps to imorove the students’ achivement in reading comprehension through inquiry technique. The study was conducted by using classroom action research. The subjects of the research were the 45 students of Grade XI SMA Negeri 1 Bahorok. It was conducted in two Cycles and consisted of six meetings.The instruments for colecting data used Reading Comprehension tests for quantitative data and Diary Notes, Interview Sheet, and Observation Sheet for qualitative data. Based on the Reading Comprehension score, students score in pre test, kept improving in every test. Based on Diary Notes, Observation sheet and Interview Sheet, it was found that the students were actualy involved in reading process. The results of the reasearch showed that Inquiry Technique can improve the students’ achivement in Reading Comprehension. In orientation test the mean of the students’ score was 53, the mean of the students’ score in Cycle I was 62.07, and the mean of the students’ score in Cycle II was 71.6. Based on the Observation Sheet, Diary Notes, and Interview Sheet, it was found that the teaching-learning process run well. The conclusion is that Inquiry Technique improved the students’ reading Coprehension and it is suggested to the English teacher to apply Inquiry Technique in Reading Comprehension. Keywords : Improving, students’ achievement, Inquiry Technique

IMPROVING THE STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT THROUGH TEAM GAMES TOURNAMENT

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
DesiYusnanda Sari And Sri MindaMurni
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Reading Scores ◽  
Team Games ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Data Reading

This study attempted to improve the students’ reading comprehension achievement in descriptive text through Team Games Tournament (TGT) method. This study was conducted by using classroom action research. The subject of the research was class IX SMP PAB 10 Medan Estate which consisted of 25 students. The research was conducted in two cycles and the first cycle consisted of four meetings the second cycle consisted of two meetings. The instruments for collecting the data were quantitative data (reading evaluation) and qualitative data (diary note, observation sheet and interview sheet). Based on reading scores, students’ score kept improving in every evaluation. In the test I the mean was 65,33, in the test II the mean was 71,72 and the test III the mean was 84,54.Based on diary note, observation sheet and interview sheet, it was found that teaching-learning process ran well. Students were active, enthusiastic, and interested in reading. The result of the research showed that Team Games Tournament (TGT) method significantly improved students’ achievement in reading comprehension especially in reading descriptive text.

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING ACHIEVEMENT THROUGH THE PROCESS GENRE APPROACH

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Wuri Handayani And Masitowarni Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Score Test ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Orientation Test ◽  
Interview Questionnaire

This study attempts to Improving Students’ Achievement Through the Process GenreApproach. The objective of the study is to discover whether the use of the ProcessGenre approach could significantly improve students’ writing achievement. This studyconduct by applying Classroom Action Research which was carried out in two cycles inten meetings. The subject of this study of SMA Panca Budi Medan which consisted of39 students of class X – 2 reguler.. Orientation test was done in the first meeting, test IIwas done in the fourth meeting, and test III was done in the last meeting. The mean ofstudents’ score test III (76,242) was higher than the test II (66,878) and test I (57,606).Besides, the qualitative data was taken from observation sheet, interview, questionnaire,and diary notes. It was found that teaching learning process ran well. By applying theProcess Genre Approach in the classroom, the students understood the content ofdescriptive text easily. They also were active and enthusiastic during the teachinglearning process. The result of the research showed that the application of the ProcessGenre approach significantly improved students’ achievement in writing descriptive text

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SPEAKING THROUGH TWO STAY TWO STRAY STRATEGY

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dita Masyitah Sianipar And Sumarsih
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Speaking Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The Way

This study deals with the way to improve students’ achievement in speaking particularly through Two Stay Two Stray Strategy. This study was conducted by using classroom action research. The subject of of the research was class X-AP SMK Swasta Harapan Danau Sijabut in Asahan Regency that consisted of 34 students. The research was conducted in two cycles consisted of three meetings in each cycle. The instruments of collecting data for quantitative data used Speaking Test and instrument for analysis of qualitative data used observation, interview and questionnaire sheet. Based on the speaking test score, students’ score kept improving in every test. In the test I the mean was 61,47, in the test II the mean was 67,41 and the test III the mean was 78,52. Based on observation sheet and questionnaire sheet, it was found that teaching learning process run well and lively. Students were active and interest in speaking. The using of Two Stay Two Stray Strategy is significantly improved students’ achievement in speaking.

IMPROVING GRADE V STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY ACHIEVEMENT THROUGH FLASH CARDS

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabatini Sitorus And Masitowarni Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Flash Cards ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Classroom Action Research ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Vocabulary Achievement

This study attempts to increase students’ vocabulary achievement by using flash cards. The objective of the study is to investigate whether the using of flash card can improve students’ vocabulary achievement. This study conduct by applying Classroom Action Research which was carried out in two cycles in six meetings. The subject of this study of SD Negeri 174559 Siraituruk, Porsea which consisted of 34 students. For collecting data, the instruments used were quantitative (vocabulary test) and qualitative data (interview sheet, observation sheet, and diary notes. Based on the data, it was found that the mean of the second cycle (80, 44) is higher than the mean of first cycle (64, 85) and pre-test (44, 41).  Based on interview sheet, observation sheet and diary notes, it was found thee students were more active and more enthusiastic during the teaching learning process in the second cycle than the first one. It was concluded that teaching vocabulary by using  flash cards can improve the students’ vocabulary achievement.

Photovoice Implementation in Teaching English Guiding at English Study Program College of Foreign Language (STIBA) Saraswati Denpasar

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Gusti Ayu Putri
Keyword(s):  
Oral Communication ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Tour Guide ◽  
Speaking Assessment ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Teaching Learning

Guiding is a branch of oral communication. In oral communication, guiding can be included as productive skill. English guiding is one of the academic lessons in the fourth semester. Being a tour guide is a very important job in tourism part. In many cases, the tour guide is a traveller's first impression of a foreign country. In other cases a tour guide may be responsible for teaching tourists about the culture and sites in a city or town. Improving students’ communicative skill is the goal of teaching English guiding, because the student can express themselves and know how to use language well. In the real situation in teaching guide process, lecturer cannot escape from reality. It occurs because there are some problems faced by the lecture and the student. The lecturer cannot make student pay attention; make the students’ lack of creativity in making interactive guiding topics, and engagement in whole teaching learning process. This research applied photovoice as a technique to increase the student’s ability in speaking English guiding. Photovoice is suitable technique in teaching speaking skill in English guiding because it gives student chance to communicate with different context and different social by photo as a learning media. This reviews were taken from Beverly Palibroda (2009) Photovoice implementation and Speaking Assessment from Brown Lavinson (2004). This research was conducted by three cycles such as: pre-test, cycle I and cycle II. In composing this research the writer used qualitative descriptive method by classroom action research (CAR).             The result of this research showed that the mean score in pre-test before implementing Photovoice clearly showed that the ability of the subject under study was relatively “ fairly satisfactory ” in the level of mastery of speaking rubric. There were increasing in cycle I after implementing Photovoice technique. The result of the data analysis of the reflection score in cycle I showed increasing the mean score of 7.11 It was higher than the result of pre-test. In the cycle II, which the treatment was more intensive in order of weakness of the students had been known. The result of the data anaysis of reflection or post-test in cycle II that the mean score was 8.18. The different between mean score in cycle I and II was 1.07. It showed that the student’s speaking guiding ability improved after the researcher applied the photovoice thecnique to the students.  

scholarly journals Digit Variability in Carotenoid Scores Obtained with the Veggie Meter: A Pilot Study (P02-001-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Velarie Ansu ◽  
Stephanie Dickinson ◽  
Alyce Fly
Keyword(s):  
Indiana University ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Period Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Abstract Objectives To determine which digit and hand have the highest and lowest skin carotenoid scores, to compare inter-and-intra-hand variability of digits, and to determine if results are consistent with another subject. Methods Two subjects’ first(F1), second(F2), third(F3) and fifth(F5) digits on both hands were measured for skin carotenoids with a Veggie Meter, for 3 times on each of 18 days over a 37-day period. Data were subjected to ANOVA in a factorial treatment design to determine main effects for hand (2 levels), digits (4), and days (18) along with interactions. Differences between digits were determined by Tukey's post hoc test. Results There were significant hand x digit, hand x day, digit x day, and hand x digit x day interactions and significant simple main effects for hand, digit, and day (all P < 0.001). Mean square errors were 143.67 and 195.62 for subject A and B, respectively, which were smaller than mean squares for all main effects and interactions. The mean scores ± SD for F1, F2, F3, and F5 digits for the right vs left hands for subject A were F1:357.13 ± 45.97 vs 363.74 ± 46.94, F2:403.17 ± 44.77 vs. 353.20 ± 44.13, F3:406.76 ± 43.10 vs. 357.11 ± 45.13, and F5:374.95 ± 53.00 vs. 377.90 ± 47.38. For subject B, the mean scores ± SD for digits for the right vs left hands were F1:294.72 ± 61.63 vs 280.71 ± 52.48, F2:285.85 ± 66.92 vs 252.67 ± 67.56, F3:268.56 ± 57.03 vs 283.22 ± 45.87, and F5:288.18 ± 34.46 vs 307.54 ± 40.04. The digits on the right hand of both subjects had higher carotenoid scores than those on the left hands, even though subjects had different dominant hands. Subject A had higher skin carotenoid scores on the F3 and F2 digits for the right hand and F5 on the left hand. Subject B had higher skin carotenoid scores on F5 (right) and F1 (left) digits. Conclusions The variability due to hand, digit, and day were all greater than that of the 3 replicates within the digit-day for both volunteers. This indicates that data were not completely random across the readings when remeasuring the same finger. Different fingers displayed higher carotenoid scores for each volunteer. There is a need to conduct a larger study with more subjects and a range of skin tones to determine whether the reliability of measurements among digits of both hands is similar across the population. Funding Sources Indiana University.

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