scholarly journals Determination of the frequency and density of weed species in apple orchards in Kahramanmaras region of Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Tamer Üstüner
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽  
Lactuca Serriola

A study was carried out in Kahramanmaras region of Turkey during 2012-13 having ten subregions namely, Afsin, And?r?n, Caglayancerit, Ekinozu, Elbistan, Göksun, Center, Nurhak, Pazarc?k and Türkoglu to determine the range, density and frequency of weeds in apple orchards. In the orchards 133 weed species from 31 families were determined. The average density of weeds was 112.49 plants m-2. The maximum density of weed species was found in Göksun (127.30 plants m-2) followed by Elbistan (126.13 plants m-2), Ekinozu (125.95 plants m- 2), Afsin (120.39 plants m-2), Center (117.94 plants m-2) and Caglayancerit (114.90 plants m-2), and the minimurn density was determined in Pazarc?k (69.51 plants m-2). From the identified 133 weed species one species belonged to Pterydophyta, 2l species to Monocotyledoneae and 111 species to Dicotyledoneae. The average densities of the weed species over l0 subregions for Agropyron repens (L.) P. Beauv., Chenopodium album L., Bromus arvensis L. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. were found to be 13.76, 12.17, 12.10 and 10.76 plants m-2, respectively. With regard to frequency of occurrence, C. album L. was detected more than 56% in six subregions excluding And?r?n, Pazarc?k, Türkoglu and Center; A. retroflexus L. more than 54% in 7 subregions excluding Center, Pazarc?k and Türkoglu and A. repens (L.) P. Beauv. more than 50% in 10 subregions. Frequency of occurance of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. was observed 50.1, 50.9, 76.9% in Afsin, Caglayancerit and And?r?n, respectively and it was below 50% in other 7 subregions. In terms of coverage, Alopecurus myosuroides Huds., A. retroflexus, A. repens, B. arvensis, C. album, Convolvulus arvensis L., C. dactylon and Lactuca serriola L. were determined to be within the range of 20.2 to 48.2% in the study areas while the other species were below 20%.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(1): 87-102, March 2017

scholarly journals Hıyarda (Cucumis sativus L.) yabancı ot çıkış zamanın tahminine yönelik araştırmalar

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Nihat Tursun ◽  
İrfan Ersin Akıncı ◽  
Mustafa Şahin ◽  
Ahmet Uludağ
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Cubic Spline ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L

Modelling is carried out for eleven major weeds in cucumber to develop estimated models for weed emergence time. Weed species were grouped according to their emergence patterns. Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Heliotropium europaeum, Polygonum aviculare and Solanum nigrum were early emerging, Convolvulus arvensis, Cyperus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon, Portulaca oleracea and Sorghum halepense were season long emerging Tribulus terrestris was the late emerging weed species. Different non-linear growth curves (Chapman-Richard, Weibull, logistic, Gompertz and cubic spline) fitted to the data of cumulative percent emergence for the different species and years. Cubic spline seemed the best model for many species.

scholarly journals Distribution of economically important weed species in the riparian and roadside vegetation of Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Ana Anđelković ◽  
Goran Tmušić ◽  
Dragana Marisavljevićna ◽  
Mladen Marković ◽  
Dušanka Cvijanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Lactuca Serriola ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Unstable Environment

Transportation corridors such as waterways and road networks serve as an entranceway for invasive and economically important weed species. The unstable environment of riparian areas and nutrient enrichment of road verges promotes the establishment and spread of these species, which may have a negative effect on nearby arable land, leading to severe yield reductions. We aimed to register the presence and frequency of five selected weed species (Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Cynodon dactylon, and Lactuca serriola) within these linear corridors. Sites along waterways were visited during 2013-2016, and road networks during 2018-2019. At each site, studied weed species were registered along 100 m transects, resulting in 250 localities along waterways and 180 near road networks. The most frequent species is C. arvensis, followed by L. serriola and C. album, while less prevalent species are C. arvense and C. dactylon. The main characteristic of studied species is their preference for roadside habitats, except for Chenopodium album, which is more common in riparian areas.

scholarly journals STUDY OF WEED FLORA OF MAIZE CROPS IN THE NISAVA DISTRICT

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-345
Author(s):  
Jelica Živić ◽  
Milić Vojinović ◽  
Ivica Stančić ◽  
Saša Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
The Right

The damage from the present weeds in maize crop is shown by the reduction of yield in almost every year and their suppression is completely economically justified. The right selection of herbicides mostly depends on the presence of dominant weed species and the time of application. The paper presents the distribution and existence of economically harmful, invasive and quarantine weed species (Abutilon theophrasti, Agropyrum repens, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Capsela bursa-pastoris, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Datura stramonium, Avena fatua, Calystegia sepium, …) on ten locations of maize crops in the Nisava district. Estimation of the species presence was done in two shootings (May and August) on scale 1-4 (1 - species appears individually and occupy up to 5% of the surface, 2 - appears and occupies 5-25% of the surface, 3 - appears often and occupies 25-50% of the surface, 4 - the species prevails over the cultivated plant and occupies over 50% of the surface).

scholarly journals Weed Species Composition of Agrophytocenoses in Altai Krai

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Terekhina ◽  
Alyona V. Nochevnaya ◽  
Natalia V. Ovcharova ◽  
Irina A. Lapshina
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
The Road ◽  
Poaceae Family ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Brassicaceae Family

The article reviews the weed species composition of oat, sunflower, wheat, buckwheat, rapeseed and flax agrophytocenoses on 390 fields in 21 districts of Altai Krai: Aleyskiy, Bistroistokskiy, Baevskiy, Burlinskiy, Kamenskiy, Kosikhinskiy, Krutikhinskiy, Kytmanovskiy, Loktevskiy, Mamontovskiy, Novichikhinskiy, Pankrushikhinskiy, Rebrikhinskiy, Rubtsovskiy, Shipunovskiy, Sovetskiy, Tretyakovskiy, Troitskiy, Tyumentsevskiy, Zarinskiy, and Zonalniy. The studied fields were surveyed by the route method, which involved the study of the plot by examining it along two diagonals and four sides, when the area did not exceed 20.0 hectares. Larger fields were divided into plots of 20.0 hectares before the survey. The areas adjacent to roads were examined most carefully, since it is often from the road that the field becomes infested. We used the ArcGis program to compile original maps for the main weed plant species. It was found that out of 45 species encountered, only 10 play a significant role in weed infestation and have a high frequency rate: aboriginal Convolvulus arvensis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Euphorbia virgata, Lathyrus tuberosus, Chenopodium album, as well as such adventive species as Fallopia convolvulus, Setaria pumila, Panicum miliaceum subsp. ruderale, Avena fatua and Echinochloa crusgalli. The largest number of species accounts for the Poaceae family (33.3%). The Brassicaceae family is characterized by a slightly lower percentage of participation in the adventitious flora (27.7%). Other families are not so well represented (by 1-2 species each).

scholarly journals Weed Flora of Cherry, Walnut, Apple, Almond and Pear Orchards in Northwestern Marmara Region of Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2252
Author(s):  
Bahadır Şin ◽  
Lerzan Öztürk ◽  
Nur Sivri ◽  
Gürkan Güvenç Avcı ◽  
İzzet Kadıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Lactuca Serriola ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Weed Flora

A study covering cherry, walnut, apple, almond and pear orchards in Edirne, Kırklareli and Tekirdağ provinces was carried out in 2015-2018 with the aim of determination of weed flora, weed frequencies and densities. Total of 64 species belonging to 30 families were identified in fruit tree orchards. Among all the families the most members were in Asteraceae 13 species, Poaceae, 11 species, Brassicaceae 5 species and Lamiaceae 3 species families. The dominant weed species were Amaranthus retroflexus L., Polygonum aviculare L., Capsella-bursa pastoris L. (Medik)., Concolvulus arvensis L., Lepidium draba L., Raphanus raphanistrum L., Chenopodium album L., Cichorium intybus L. in Tekirdağ while Datura stramonium L. distribution in Edirne Uzunköprü and Kırklareli was remarkably high. Semi parazitic weed Viscum album and full parasite Cuscuta campestris Yunck were also detected in some orchards. V. album was widespread among pear trees while Cuscuta campestris Yunck was detected only in suckers emerged in apple and cherry orchards. According to density A. retroflexus has received the first order with 76 plant/m2, following C. album with 54 plant/m2, Lactuca serriola with 27 plant/m2, D. stramonium L. with 24 plant/m2, Portulaca oleracea with 21 plant/m2

STUDY OF WEED FLORA OF MAIZE CROPS IN THE NISAVA DISTRICT

2018 ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
Jelica Živić ◽  
Milić Vojinović ◽  
Ivica Stančić ◽  
Saša Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
The Right

The damage from the present weeds in maize crop is shown by the reduction of yield in almost every year and their suppression is completely economically justified. The right selection of herbicides mostly depends on the presence of dominant weed species and the time of application. The paper presents the distribution and existence of economically harmful, invasive and quarantine weed species (Abutilon theophrasti, Agropyrum repens, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Capsela bursa-pastoris, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Datura stramonium, Avena fatua, Calystegia sepium …) on ten locations of maize crops in the Nisava district. Estimation of the species presence was done in two shootings (May and August) on scale 1-4 (1 - species appears individually and occupy up to 5% of the surface, 2 - appears and occupies 5-25% of the surface, 3 - appears often and occupies 25-50% of the surface, 4 - the species prevails over the cultivated plant and occupies over 50% of the surface).

scholarly journals Seed production capability of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds in segetal and ruderal habitats

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Kurdyukova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Number Of Species

The main cause of wide presence of weeds in segetal and ruderal habitats is their high seed production capacity. It defined in expressly establishing field experiments, in industrial sowings, in segetal and ruderal habitats of steppe zones of Ukraine. It is determined that average fruitfulness of weeds in ruderal habitats was larger, than in segetal habitats by 3.8 times, and indexes of the maximum fruitfulness – by 4.0 times and reached accordingly 7028 and 9345 pieces, and 20112 and 98337 pieces. In segetal habitats monocotyledonous species of weeds on seed production on conceded dicotyledonous species by 2.9–3.7 times, and on ruderal habitats – by 9.8–10.5 times. Average seed production of monocotyledonous plants made up accordingly 3594 and 5660, and dicotyledonous – 12417 and 55629 pieces of seeds from one plant. Most species of monocotyledonous weeds (56,1 %) formed on one plant from 1 to 10 thousand pieces of seeds, and dicotyledonous weeds (37,9 %) – more than 10 thousand pieces of seeds. In segetal habitats the maximum seed production had families Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Lamiaceae, and on ruderal habitats – Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Apiaceae, Brassicaceae. The highest seed production the most widespread and abundant in sowings and on ruderal habitats had weeds: Convolvulus arvensis L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv., Eragrostis minor Host, Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., etc. The greatest reserve weed seeds in soil in segetal habitats descended at the expense of species from genera Amaranthus, Galium, Cirsium, Setaria, and on ruderal habitats – Amaranthus, Chenopodium, Plantago, etc. In segetal habitats proof presence of weeds of genera with low seed production was sustained at the expense of their larger number of species, and genera with low number of species – at the expense of high seed production. In ruderal habitats – as at the expense of larger number of species, and their high seed production. The absolute maximum of seed production in segetal habitats have been reached at weeds of genera Amaranthus, Cirsium, Galium – from 3288 to 242266 pieces, and in ruderal habitats – Amaranthus, Chenopodium, Plantago – from 108903 to 1911683 pieces from one plant.

scholarly journals Weed Identification in Maize, Sunflower, and Potatoes with the Aid of Convolutional Neural Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4185
Author(s):  
Gerassimos G. Peteinatos ◽  
Philipp Reichel ◽  
Jeremy Karouta ◽  
Dionisio Andújar ◽  
Roland Gerhards
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides

The increasing public concern about food security and the stricter rules applied worldwide concerning herbicide use in the agri-food chain, reduce consumer acceptance of chemical plant protection. Site-Specific Weed Management can be achieved by applying a treatment only on the weed patches. Crop plants and weeds identification is a necessary component for various aspects of precision farming in order to perform on the spot herbicide spraying or robotic weeding and precision mechanical weed control. During the last years, a lot of different methods have been proposed, yet more improvements need to be made on this problem, concerning speed, robustness, and accuracy of the algorithms and the recognition systems. Digital cameras and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have been rapidly developed in the past few years, providing new methods and tools also in agriculture and weed management. In the current work, images gathered by an RGB camera of Zea mays, Helianthus annuus, Solanum tuberosum, Alopecurus myosuroides, Amaranthus retroflexus, Avena fatua, Chenopodium album, Lamium purpureum, Matricaria chamomila, Setaria spp., Solanum nigrum and Stellaria media were provided to train Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Three different CNNs, namely VGG16, ResNet–50, and Xception, were adapted and trained on a pool of 93,000 images. The training images consisted of images with plant material with only one species per image. A Top-1 accuracy between 77% and 98% was obtained in plant detection and weed species discrimination, on the testing of the images.

scholarly journals Weed Interference Affects Dry Bean Yield and Growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein GHAMARI ◽  
Goudarz AHMADVAND
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Logistic Equations ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Minimum Number

Dry bean is one of the most important pulse crops in Iran. Field study was conducted in 2011 to evaluate effects of weed competition from a natural flora on growth and yield of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The treatments consisted of weed infestation and weed removal periods (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days) after crop emergence. Control plots kept weed-infested and weed-free throughout growing season. To assess the weed competition effect on crop characteristics, Richards, Gompertz and logistic equations were fitted to the data. The most abundant weed species were Chenopodium album and Amaranthus retroflexus. Increase in duration of weed interference decreased the stem height of dry bean. At the end of the growing season, dry bean was 20 cm taller in season-long weed-free treatment compared to the season-long weed-infested treatment. As the number of days of weed interference increased, a declining trend of LAI and number of pods was observed. The minimum number of pods was obtained in season-long weed-infested treatment (5.01 pods/plant). Weed interference during the whole growing season, caused a 60% reduction in yield. Considering 5% and 10% acceptable yield lost, the critical period of weed competition was determined from 20 to 68 and 23 to 55 days after planting (DAE), respectively.

scholarly journals EXAMINATION OF THE WEED FLORA OF RUDER HABITATS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF SUPPRESSION WITH HERBICIDES

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-332
Author(s):  
Milić Vojinović ◽  
Jelica Živić ◽  
Sanja Perić ◽  
Miroljub Aksić
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Vegetation Complex ◽  
Selection Of

Ruderal flora, as well as the vegetation that flora forms, represent an extremely dynamic floristic-vegetation complex and arean integral part of the most immediate living and working environment of human. It is formed and developed mainly in human settlements, as well as in the other anthropogenic environments that are occasionally or permanently under direct or indirect influence of various forms of human activity. Ruderal vegetation is found not only directly around the settlements, but also around all urban and accompanying facilities: along roads, paths and fences around houses, yards, walls and roofs, in avenues, on ruins, construction sites, landfills, along railway tracks, road and defense embankments, on wet and nitrified banks of rivers, near human settlements, in abandoned lawns, on the street walks with sandy areas, cemeteries, in degraded pastures, forests, etc. This essay presents the distribution and representation of economically harmful, invasive and quarantine weed species (Abutilon theophrasti, Agropyrumrepens, Amaranthusretroflexus, Calystegiasepium, Cirsiumarvense, Chenopodium album, Chenopodiumhybridum, Convolvulus arvensis, Cynodondactylon, Daturastramonium, Sonchusarvensis, Sorghum halepense, Xanthium strumarium…) at ten sites in the Nisava district. The assessment of species representation was done in two shootings (May and August) according to scale 1-4. The proper selection of herbicides depends, in a large extent, on the presence of dominant weed species and on the time of application.

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