scholarly journals Physical and engineering properties of BARI released three groundnut varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-620
Author(s):  
MA Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
True Density ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Displacement Angle ◽  
Agricultural Machines

The knowledge of the physical characteristics of particles is essential for the designer of agricultural machines. The study was aimed to determine physical and engineering properties of three selected varieties of groundnuts cultivated in Bangladesh such as Dhaka-1, BARI Badam-8 and BARI Badam-9 at safe storage moisture content of 7.5%. One hundred groundnut pods and kernels were randomly selected and the length, width and thickness were measured using a vernier caliper. The geometric mean diameter, sphericity, aspect ratio was calculated using standard formula and measured values. Bulk density, true density, mass and porosity were found through direct weighing and water displacement. Angle of repose of pods and kernels was also measured on wood, glass and mild steel sheet surfaces. BARI Badam-9 had the highest pod geometric mean diameter and BARI Badam-8 had the highest kernel geometric mean diameter. Sphericity of groundnut pod was the highest for Dhaka-1. Surface area of pod and aspect ratio of both pod and kernel were the highest in BARI Badam-9. Porosity of the pod was the least for BARI Badam-8. Angle of repose of kernel varied on wood and glass. But it was similar for kernel on MS sheet for the varieties. This result will be useful to design and develop groundnut processing equipment for different varietal variability Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(4): 609-620, December 2019

scholarly journals Comparative Studies on Dimensional, Gravimetric and Frictional Properties of Chhattisgarh Popular Paddy Varieties for Suitability of Flaked Rice (Paha)

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Rahul Dahare ◽  
Tankesh Kumar Nishad ◽  
Bhupendra Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Different Characteristics

The present study on different characteristics of some selected varieties of paddy was undertaken to study dimensional, gravimetric and frictional properties of paddy. The physical properties such as average length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, aspect ratio, sphericity, volume, surface area, L/B ratio, true density, bulk density, porosity, angle of repose and coefficient of friction on different surfaces of paddy varieties were measured to have an initial information of the input. All varieties have different dimensional properties, for the length of Rajeshwari, Durgeshwari and Mahamaya paddy variety 9.21 to 9.34 mm, for width 2.41 to 2.79 mm and for thickness 1.83 to 2.45 mm respectively. The geometric mean diameter and aspect ratio for Rajeshwari, Durgeshwari and Mahamaya paddy variety was observed 3.43 to 4.08 mm and 25.21 to 30.13% respectively. True density and bulk density of Rajeshwari, Durgeshwari and Mahamaya paddy variety were observed 1056.86 to 1350.43 kg/m3 and 580.18 to 695.77 kg/m3 respectively. The angle of repose of Rajeshwari, Durgeshwari and Mahamaya paddy variety was observed 42.23° to 48.51°.

Moisture Dependent Selected Engineering Properties of Deenanath Seeds in Relation to Development of Processing Machinery

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 250-261
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Singh ◽  
Sheshrao Kautkar ◽  
P. K. Pathak ◽  
Bholuram Gurjar ◽  
Sunil Swami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
True Density ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width

Propagation of grasses through seeds is important in view of vigour and germination. Various grasses as Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin., Cenchrus ciliaris L., Chrysopogan fulvus have lower vigour and germination, due to which they need specific operations as defluffing, separation of true seeds, cleaning and grading by specific machines. In designing a machine for a specific use, physical properties and their behaviour with moisture play an important role. A study was conducted to assess the effect of moisture content at five levels [6.88 - 19.23 %, (d.b.)] on selected physical properties of defluffed Deenanath grass seed. The length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, and geometric mean diameter of defluffed Deenanath seed increased from 2.30 mm to 2.56 mm, 0.71 mm to 0.96 mm, 0.47 mm to 0.63 mm, 1.16 mm to 1.38 mm, and 0.90 mm to 1.15 mm, respectively, with increase in moisture content 6.88 % to 19.23 %. Bulk density, true density, and porosity decreased from 652.16 kg.m-3 to 585.78 kg.m-3, 852.63 kg.m-3 to 792.71 kg.m-3, and 25.62 % to 24.97 %, respectively, with increase in moisture content from 6.88 % to 19.23 per cent. The aspect ratio, sphericity, surface area, volume, and thousand-seed mass of the seed were in the range of 30.91 - 37.51 %, 0.39 - 0.45, 2.58 - 3.23 mm2 , 3.71 - 4.97 mm3 , and 0.480 - 0.523 g, respectively. Linear relationships with correlation coefficients higher than 0.90 were observed for the physical properties over the experimental range of moisture content.

scholarly journals Study on some engineering attributes of pine nut (Pinus pinea) to the design of processing equipment

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M.T. Gharibzahedi ◽  
V. Etemad ◽  
J. Mirarab-Razi ◽  
M. Fos hat
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Pine Nut ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Glass Surfaces

Moisture-dependent engineering properties of pine nut were studied at 6.3, 8.2, 10.8, 14.5, 18.9, and 20.1% moisture content (dry basis). The length, width, thickness, and geometric mean diameter increased significantly (P < 0.05) from 21.75 to 21.85 mm, 7.39 to 7.47 mm, 6.07 to 6.14 mm, and 9.89 to 9.98 mm, respectively, with an increase in moisture content from 6.3% to 20.1%, whereas the increase in sphericity from 45.49% to 45.69% was not significant. Similarly, thousand seed mass, true density, porosity, terminal velocity, and angle of repose increased (P < 0.05) from 0.85 to 0.93 kg, 1043.3 to 1071 kg/m3, 41.31% to 44.57%, 8.67 to 8.83 m/s, and 35.4° to 39°, respectively, with an increase in moisture content under the experimental condition. Moreover, the bulk density decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from 612.3 to 593.6 kg/m3. Coefficient of static friction increased (P < 0.05) from 0.251 to 0.292, 0.241 to 0.271, 0.227 to 0.262, and 0.218 to 0.247 on plywood, galvanized iron sheet, stainless steel, and glass surfaces, respectively, with an increase in moisture content from 6.3% to 20.1%.

scholarly journals Physical Attributes and Modelling of Trans- Himalayan Seabuckthorn Berries

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
SWAPNIL G. JAISWAL ◽  
BHUSHAN R. DOLE ◽  
SANGRAM K. SATPATHY ◽  
S.N. NAIK
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Polynomial Model ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
In Trans

Seabuckthorn is a highly perishable fruit found in trans-Himalayan region and North-Eastern part of India. It has enormous nutritional and medicinal properties. Physical attributes of fruits play an important role in the design of machines to meet various harvest and post harvest operations. In the present study properties like dimensions, true density, bulk density, sphericity, porosity and angle of repose were measured and correlated with the mass of the fruit. In addition linear, polynomial, quadratic, logarithmic and exponential models were used for mass and surface area. The length, diameter, thousand berry weight, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, surface area, aspect ratio, angle of repose, sphericity, porosity, true density, bulk density, moisture content were found in the range of 6.5-7.5, 4.74-6.28, 362.67-910.14, 5.49-6.99, 6.17-6.24, 76.87-154.76, 72.81-83.73, 3.59-6.82, 65.84-90.47, 17.05-60.07, 647.19-1399.24, 453.81-725.88, 84.53-87.34 respectively. Polynomial model was suited to be best for mass with length and diameter. Polynomial model between surface area and geometric mean diameter gave highest R2 of 0.981.

Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Kiwifruit

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Ali Razavi ◽  
Maryam BahramParvar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Apparent Volume ◽  
Adhesive Force ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
True Density ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Static Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Static Coefficient

In this paper, the physical properties such as length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, mass, true volume, apparent volume, true density, bulk density, porosity, sphericity, surface area, shell ratio, aspect ratio, static coefficient of friction and mechanical characteristics namely firmness, hardness, adhesiveness, adhesive force and total positive area in puncture test were determined for kiwifruit of the Hayward variety. These properties are necessary in the design of the equipment for harvesting, processing and transportation, separating and packing. The results showed that the length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and aspect ratio of kiwifruit varied from 55.5 to 82.3 mm, 46.8 to 54.8 mm, 41.5 to 52.4 mm, 49.8 to 60.99 mm, 49.56 to 59.28 mm, 71.95 to 90.48% and 62.67 to 89.20%, respectively. While the surface area determined by McCabe et al.'s and Jean & Ball's formula, and surface area measured by experimental method changed from 77.11 to 110.34 cm2, 48.74 to 95.95 cm2 and 83.29 to 108.71 cm2, respectively. The values of the fruit's true volume, apparent volume, true density, bulk density and porosity were between 85-120 cm3, 63.69-109.01 cm3, 940-1040 kg/m3, 544.73-572.17 kg/m3 and 39.70-45.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the unit mass and peel ratio of kiwifruits ranged from 75.18 to 135.32 g and 8.91 to 12.51%, respectively. On four different surfaces, namely plywood, galvanized iron sheet, glass and fiberglass, static coefficient of friction varied from 0.34 on glass to 0.49 against plywood. The average firmness, hardness, adhesiveness, adhesive force and total positive area of peeled fruits were 229.42 g, 367.49 g, 716.48 g.s, -34.2 g and 11933.5 g.s, respectively. Corresponding values for unpeeled samples obtained 403.38 g, 2081.2 g, -3175.32 g.s, -118 g and 35757.22 g.s, respectively.

Effect of moisture content on physical properties of cashew nut of different varieties

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant Baslingappa Swami ◽  
N.J. Thakor A.M. Gawai
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Effect Of Moisture

<p>The physical properties, viz., geometric diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, bulk density, true density and angle of repose was measured for  four  cashew varieties <em>viz</em>., <em>Vengurle 1, Vengurle 3, Vengurle 4</em>  and <em>Vengurle 7</em> at different moisture content (15 to 87% db). For <em>Vengurle</em> 1 as the moisture content increased, the physical properties i.e., geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 20.8 to 22.1 mm, 3485 to 4416 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1355 to 1540 mm<sup>2</sup>, 984 to 1030 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 32 to 37˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 74.2 to 71.4 per cent and 490 to 418 kg m<sup>-3</sup> respectively. For <em>Vengurle 3</em> geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 27.2 to 28.6 mm, 7912 to 9169 mm<sup>3</sup>, 2320 to 2567 mm<sup>2</sup>, 1020 to 1048 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 33 to 35.5˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 75.5 to 75.2 per cent and 531 to 470 kg m<sup>-3</sup> respectively. For <em>Vengurle 4</em> the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 21.0 to 24.1mm, 3362 to 5113 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1391 to 1828 mm<sup>2</sup>, 970 to 1030 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 32.5 to 38˚,  respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.8 to 66.8 per cent, 517 to 462 kg m<sup>-3</sup>, respectively. For <em>Vengurle 7</em> the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 24.2 to 24.9 mm, 5102 to 5547 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1840 to 1941 mm<sup>2</sup>, 998 to 1045 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 33 to 38˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.4 to 65.8 per cent, 518 to 438 kg m<sup>-3</sup>, respectively.</p>

Moisture-dependent Physical and Thermal Properties of Sericea Lespedeza Seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-397
Author(s):  
Ajit K Mahapatra ◽  
Daniel E Ekefre ◽  
Hema L Degala ◽  
Somashekhar M Punnuri ◽  
Thomas H Terrill
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Mean Diameter

Abstract. The bioactivity of Sericea lespedeza (SL) condensed tannins, including suppression of gastrointestinal nematodes, has contributed to a surge in interest of use of this plant in livestock production systems worldwide. Physical and thermal properties of SL seeds (AU Grazer™ and Serala cultivars) were determined as a function of moisture content for a moisture range from 8.57% to 26.53%, wet basis. The length, width, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, surface area, volume, and 1000 seed mass of both the seeds increased as the moisture content increased. Bulk density and unit density decreased as the moisture content increased. The sphericity of SL seeds decreased with increasing moisture content. Serala seeds were characterized by a higher aspect ratio than AU Grazer™. The angle of repose of SL seeds increased, while the compressibility index decreased in the moisture range. For color, the L* values of SL seeds decreased while the a* values increased with the increase in moisture content. A decrease in the b* values was insignificant. The thermal conductivity and specific heat of SL seeds decreased, whereas, thermal diffusivity increased as the moisture content of SL seeds increased. Serala seeds were characterized by higher values of thermal conductivity and volumetric specific heat than AU Grazer™. Keywords: Engineering properties, Moisture content, Physical properties, Seeds, Thermal properties.

scholarly journals Physical properties of cumin and caraway seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Zare ◽  
A. Bakhshipour ◽  
G. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
True Density ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Constant Moisture Content

Abstract Physical properties of cumin and caraway seeds were measured and compared at constant moisture content of 7.5% w.b. The average thousand mass of grain, mean length, mean width, mean thickness, equivalent diameter, geometric mean diameter, surface area, volume, sphericity, aspect ratio, true density, bulk density and porosity were measured for cumin and caraway. There are significant differences (p<0.01) in most physical properties of cumin and caraway, except porosity and sphericity

scholarly journals Investigation of effect of maize varieties on selected physical properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Idowu D. O ◽  
◽  
Onifade T. B. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
True Density ◽  
Processing Equipment ◽  
Maize Varieties

The engineering properties of some selected variety of maize (SM39, SM40 and Oba Super 6) which is needed in the design and development of a functional handling and processing equipment for the crop was studied. The seeds were bought from the Agricultural settlements in Ogbomoso South-Western Nigeria. The selected properties are size, shape, weight, true density, and bulk density, angle of repose, coefficient of friction, and moisture content. The results of the experiments showed that the mean length was between 8.7 and 9.78 mm; width, 7.69 and 8.26 mm; thickness, 4.11 and 4.60 mm; geometric mean diameter, 7.17 and 7.78 mm; equivalent diameter, 6.62 and 6.62 mm; unit weight, 0.22 and 0.24 g; true density, 954.25 and 1245 kg/m3; bulk density, 734.45 and 752.23 kg/m3, and angle of repose of the three varieties are between 29.20 and 36.60. While the average values of static coefficient of friction measured was between 0.39 and 0.49. The results from this experiment showed that the effect of varieties is significant on the engineering properties of maize. The results obtained from these studies will be useful for the design and manufacturing of operating system for handling and processing of different varieties of maize. Keywords: Engineering properties, design, processing equipment, manufacturing, varities.

Selected Some Engineering Properties of Peanut and Its Kernel

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesut Dilmac ◽  
Ebubekir Altuntas
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dynamic Coefficient Of Friction

Selected some engineering (geometric, volumetric and frictional) properties of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and its kernel were determined at a moisture content of 8.25% and 10.03% (dry basis), respectively. The mean values of length, width, thickness and geometric mean diameter were 40.73 mm, 17.52 mm , 15.61 mm, 22.46 mm for peanut, and 21.08 mm, 10.22 mm, 10.89 mm, 13.22 mm for its kernel, respectively. The sphericity, bulk and true densities, angle of repose, porosity, surface area, mass and volume values were obtained for peanut and its kernel, respectively. The mean values of static and dynamic coefficient of friction against galvanized steel, chipboard and plywood surfaces were determined. The maximum static and dynamic coefficients of friction were found for plywood and galvanized steel surfaces for peanut and its kernel, respectively.

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