scholarly journals Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization of a Plant Residue Amended Soil: The Effect of Salinity Stress

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
BC Walpola ◽  
KKIU Arunakumara
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Saline Condition ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Amended Soil

A factorial combination of saline and non-saline soil with three residue types (Sesbania grandiflora, Caliandra calothyrsus and Gliricidia maculata leaves) was used in laboratory incubation. The CO2-C content of plant residue amended soils was found to be increased steadily during the first two weeks of incubation followed by gradual reduction as incubation progressed. Under non-saline condition (EC=0.97 dS/m), the highest cumulative CO2-C content (1551 mg/kg soil) was observed in Caliandra amended soil, followed by Sesbania (1161 mg/kg soil) and Gliricidia (1042 mg/kg soil). The higher biodegradability of Caliandra leaves induced by the higher C content compared to the other residues. The CO2-C evolved under saline condition (EC=18.2 dS/m), ranged from 313 mg/kg (control) to 905 CO2-C mg/kg (Caliandra amended) soils. Sesbania amended non-saline soil showed the highest (227 mg/kg soil) and rapid release of NH4+-N, followed by Gliricidia (181 mg/kg soil) and Caliandra (177 mg/kg soil). Whereas under saline condition, release of NH4+-N ranged from 93 mg/kg (control) to 183 mg/kg (Sesbania amended). Though treatment behavior pattern of NO3--N was similar to that of NH4+-N throughout the incubation, saline soil showed significantly (P< 0.05) low NH4+-N and NO3--N contents compared to non-saline soil. Key words: Soil quality; Plant residues; Carbon and nitrogen mineralization; Salinity stress DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9608 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 565-572

scholarly journals Fate of carbon and nitrogen from plant residue decomposition in a calcareous soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nourbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Order Kinetic Model

Carbon and nitrogen transformations in soil are microbially mediated processes that are functionally related. The fate of C and N was monitored in a clay-textured soil (Typic Haplocambid) which was either unamended (control) or amended with various plant materials at the rate of 10 g residue C/kg soil. To evaluate C mineralization, soils were incubated for 46 days under aerobic conditions. Nitrogen mineralization/immobilization was evaluated at the end of eight-week incubation experiment. All CO<sub>2</sub> evolution data conformed well to a first-order kinetic model, C<sub>m&nbsp;</sub>= C<sub>0</sub> (1 &ndash; e<sup>&ndash;Kt</sup>). The product of K and C<sub>0 </sub>(KC<sub>0</sub>) was significantly correlated with some chemical and biochemical properties of the plant residues, including N concentration (r = 0.83, P &lt; 0.001), C:N (r = &ndash;0.64, P &lt; 0.05) and lignin:N (r = &ndash;0.81, P &lt; 0.001). Among the plant residue composition characteristics, N concentration (r = 0.96, P &lt; 0.001), C:N (r = &ndash;0.69, P &lt; 0.01) and lignin:N (r = &ndash;0.68, P &lt; 0.01) were significantly correlated with the net rates of N mineralization/immobilization (N<sub>m/i</sub>).

scholarly journals Changes in Denitrifier Abundance, Denitrification Gene mRNA Levels, Nitrous Oxide Emissions, and Denitrification in Anoxic Soil Microcosms Amended with Glucose and Plant Residues

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 2155-2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherri L. Henderson ◽  
Catherine E. Dandie ◽  
Cheryl L. Patten ◽  
Bernie J. Zebarth ◽  
David L. Burton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Soil Microcosms ◽  
Denitrification Gene ◽  
Gene Mrna ◽  
Amended Soil

ABSTRACT In agricultural cropping systems, crop residues are sources of organic carbon (C), an important factor influencing denitrification. The effects of red clover, soybean, and barley plant residues and of glucose on denitrifier abundance, denitrification gene mRNA levels, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, and denitrification rates were quantified in anoxic soil microcosms for 72 h. nosZ gene abundances and mRNA levels significantly increased in response to all organic carbon treatments over time. In contrast, the abundance and mRNA levels of Pseudomonas mandelii and closely related species (nirS P) increased only in glucose-amended soil: the nirS P guild abundance increased 5-fold over the 72-h incubation period (P < 0.001), while the mRNA level significantly increased more than 15-fold at 12 h (P < 0.001) and then subsequently decreased. The nosZ gene abundance was greater in plant residue-amended soil than in glucose-amended soil. Although plant residue carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratios varied from 15:1 to 30:1, nosZ gene and mRNA levels were not significantly different among plant residue treatments, with an average of 3.5 � 107 gene copies and 6.9 � 107 transcripts g−1 dry soil. Cumulative N2O emissions and denitrification rates increased over 72 h in both glucose- and plant-tissue-C-treated soil. The nirS P and nosZ communities responded differently to glucose and plant residue amendments. However, the targeted denitrifier communities responded similarly to the different plant residues under the conditions tested despite changes in the quality of organic C and different C:N ratios.

Carbon and nitrogen mineralization dynamics in tow amended soils collected from the semi-arid and arid regions of Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khedija Bouajila ◽  
Roukaya Chibani ◽  
Mouna Mechri ◽  
Mohamed Moussa ◽  
Faysal Ben Jeddi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Semi Arid

Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization

2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Haney ◽  
A. J. Franzluebbers ◽  
E. B. Porter ◽  
F. M. Hons ◽  
D. A. Zuberer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Carbon And Nitrogen

Carbon and nitrogen mineralization from light- and heavy-fraction additions to soil

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1345-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joann K. Whalen ◽  
Peter J. Bottomley ◽  
David D. Myrold
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Heavy Fraction ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Tracing the nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon released from plant residues in a soil/plant system

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yothin Konboon ◽  
Graeme Blair ◽  
Rod Lefroy ◽  
Anthony Whitbread
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Nutrient Demand

Matching plant residue mineralisation rate to plant nutrient demand is one way of increasing the efficiency of nutrient cycling. A glasshouse experiment was conducted in a Soloth soil with a C4d13 C signature using drained pots to examine the effect on the yield of Japanese millet (Echinochloa frumentocea) and the fate of 15 N, 35 S, and C (using d 13 C shift) from the C 3 plants Flemingia macrophylla, Medicago truncatula hay, and wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw applied at 3 t/ha in the presence of N and NPKS fertiliser. The yield of Japanese millet at 91 days was highest where medic hay had been added (13.7 g/pot) and lowest where wheat straw was used (11.5 g/pot). Recovery of 35 S by the millet was highest in the wheat straw and medic hay treatments (mean 11.5%), whilst recovery of 15 N was highest from medic hay (15.8%). Leaching losses of 35 S were highest in the Flemingia and medic treatments (mean 8.1%), and 15 N loss in leachate was highest in the medic hay treatment (6.6%). A maximum of 1.5% of the C added in residues was recovered in the leachate of the medic hay treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of pyrolysis temperature, feedstock type and compaction on water retention of biochar amended soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
He Huang ◽  
Narala Gangadhara Reddy ◽  
Xilong Huang ◽  
Peinan Chen ◽  
Peiying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Retention Behaviour ◽  
Water Retention Behaviour ◽  
Amended Soil

AbstractRecent studies on water retention behaviour of biochar amended soil rarely considers the effect of pyrolysis temperature and also feedstock type into account. It is well known that pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type influences the physical and chemical properties of biochar due to stagewise decomposition of structure and chemical bonds. Further, soil density, which is in a loose state (in agricultural applications) and dense (in geo-environmental engineering applications) can also influence water retention behaviour of biochar amended soils. The major objective of this study is to investigate the water retention properties of soil amended with three different biochars in both loose and dense state. The biochars, i.e. water hyacinth biochar (WHB), chicken manure biochar (CMB) and wood biochar (WB) were produced in-house at different pyrolysis temperature. After then, biochars at 5% and 10% (w/w%) were amended to the soil. Water retention behaviour (soil suction and gravimetric water content) was studied under drying and wetting cycle simulated by varying relative humidity (RH, 50–90%). Results show that 10% WHB produced at 300 °C were found to possess highest water retention. CMB is found to possess higher water retention than WB for 10% amendment ratio. In general, the addition of three biochars (at both 300 °C and 600 °C) at 10% (w/w) significantly improved the water retention at all suction ranges in both loose and dense compaction state as compared to that of the bare soil. The adsorption (wetting) and desorption (drying) capacity of biochar amended soils is constant at corresponding RH.

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