scholarly journals Fate of carbon and nitrogen from plant residue decomposition in a calcareous soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nourbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Order Kinetic Model

Carbon and nitrogen transformations in soil are microbially mediated processes that are functionally related. The fate of C and N was monitored in a clay-textured soil (Typic Haplocambid) which was either unamended (control) or amended with various plant materials at the rate of 10 g residue C/kg soil. To evaluate C mineralization, soils were incubated for 46 days under aerobic conditions. Nitrogen mineralization/immobilization was evaluated at the end of eight-week incubation experiment. All CO<sub>2</sub> evolution data conformed well to a first-order kinetic model, C<sub>m&nbsp;</sub>= C<sub>0</sub> (1 &ndash; e<sup>&ndash;Kt</sup>). The product of K and C<sub>0 </sub>(KC<sub>0</sub>) was significantly correlated with some chemical and biochemical properties of the plant residues, including N concentration (r = 0.83, P &lt; 0.001), C:N (r = &ndash;0.64, P &lt; 0.05) and lignin:N (r = &ndash;0.81, P &lt; 0.001). Among the plant residue composition characteristics, N concentration (r = 0.96, P &lt; 0.001), C:N (r = &ndash;0.69, P &lt; 0.01) and lignin:N (r = &ndash;0.68, P &lt; 0.01) were significantly correlated with the net rates of N mineralization/immobilization (N<sub>m/i</sub>).

scholarly journals Production and Decomposition of Cover Crop Residues and Associations With Soil Organic Fractions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
José Carlos Mazetto Júnior ◽  
José Luiz Rodrigues Torres ◽  
Danyllo Denner de Almeida Costa ◽  
Venâncio Rodrigues e Silva ◽  
Zigomar Menezes de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Sunn Hemp

The decomposition of plant residues, the changes in the total organic carbon (TOC) and the fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) occur differently in irrigated areas. The objective of this study was to quantify the biomass production, the decomposition of cover crops residues and relate them with the changes n the content and fractions of SOM in an irrigated area of vegetable crops. Six types of cover crop treatments were evaluated: brachiaria (B); sunn hemp (S); millet (M); B + S; B + M; S + M, plus an additional treatment (native area), with 4 repetitions. The production of fresh (FB) and dry biomass (DB), the rate of plant residue decomposition, TOC, SOM fractions and the coefficient of SOM (QSOM) were quantified. It was observed that the greatest and the lowest volume of crop residues were from the B and S cover crop, respectively. The cover crops in monoculture presented great decomposition rates and short half-life when compared to mixtures of cover crop. The TOC and QSOM were great in the 0 to 0.05 m soil layer, and in the M + S cover crop mixture, when compared to the 0.05 to 0.1 m soil layer and to other cover crops. Among the SOM fractions, the humin predominated in the most superficial soil layer (0 to 0.05 m).

scholarly journals Important ecophysiological roles of non-dominant Actinobacteria in plant residue decomposition, especially in less fertile soils

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Bao ◽  
Jan Dolfing ◽  
Zhiying Guo ◽  
Ruirui Chen ◽  
Meng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Interspecies Interactions ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Residue Decomposition

Abstract Background Microbial-driven decomposition of plant residues is integral to carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. Actinobacteria, one of the most widely distributed bacterial phyla in soils, are known for their ability to degrade plant residues in vitro. However, their in situ importance and specific activity across contrasting ecological environments are not known. Here, we conducted three field experiments with buried straw in combination with microcosm experiments with 13C-straw in paddy soils under different soil fertility levels to reveal the ecophysiological roles of Actinobacteria in plant residue decomposition. Results While accounting for only 4.6% of the total bacterial abundance, the Actinobacteria encoded 16% of total abundance of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). The taxonomic and functional compositions of the Actinobacteria were, surprisingly, relatively stable during straw decomposition. Slopes of linear regression models between straw chemical composition and Actinobacterial traits were flatter than those for other taxonomic groups at both local and regional scales due to holding genes encoding for full set of CAZymes, nitrogenases, and antibiotic synthetases. Ecological co-occurrence network and 13C-based metagenomic analyses both indicated that their importance for straw degradation increased in less fertile soils, as both links between Actinobacteria and other community members and relative abundances of their functional genes increased with decreasing soil fertility. Conclusions This study provided DNA-based evidence that non-dominant Actinobacteria plays a key ecophysiological role in plant residue decomposition as their members possess high proportions of CAZymes and as a group maintain a relatively stable presence during plant residue decomposition both in terms of taxonomic composition and functional roles. Their importance for decomposition was more pronounced in less fertile soils where their possession functional genes and interspecies interactions stood out more. Our work provides new ecophysiological angles for the understanding of the importance of Actinobacteria in global carbon cycling.

scholarly journals Sweet corn in no-tillage system on cover crop residues in the Brazilian Cerrado

2020 ◽  
pp. 947-952
Author(s):  
Kaiê Fillipe Guedes Miranda ◽  
José Luiz Rodrigues Torres ◽  
Hamilton Cesar de Oliveira Charlo ◽  
Valdeci Orioli Junior ◽  
João Henrique de Souza Favaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Tillage System

In recent years, the growth of the cultivated area with sweet corn in conventional tillage system in Brazil expanded, although crops can be grown on different residues of cover crops, which improve nutrient cycling and crop productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass production and to quantify the rate of plant residues decomposition of different cover crops, and correlate the results with the production and grain yield of sweet corn in an area located in the Cerrado biome. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with eight treatments: PM - pearl millet; SH - sunn hemp; SG - signal grass; PM + SH; PM + SG; SH + SG; PM+ SH + SG; FW - fallow (spontaneous vegetation), which preceded the cultivation of sweet corn. Fresh biomass (FB) and dry biomass (DB) of the cover crops were evaluated, as well as the rate of plant residue decomposition. Sweet corn productivity, straw and corncob weight, and grain yield were also determined. Pearl millet presented a better performance in FB production, decomposition rate, residue half-life (T½ life) in soil, yield, corn cob strawweight and yield of sweet corn. Pearl millet, when mixed with other plants, presented reduced rate of residue decomposition and increased residue T½ life. The FW presented the lowest biomass production, with great rate of decomposition and low T½ life. Cover crops grown before sweet corn in soils of good fertility did not affect crop agronomic characteristics. Pearl millet is the best cover crop adapted to Cerrado Brazilian climatic conditions to be used in monoculture or in mixtures with other plants.

scholarly journals Effect of biopreparations on the decomposition of plant residues of crops in typical chernozem

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
N. P. Masyutenko ◽  
T. I. Pankova ◽  
A. V. Kuznetsov ◽  
M. N. Masyutenko ◽  
G. M. Breskina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Humus Substances ◽  
Decomposition Of Plant Residues ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Aim. To identify the effect of biological preparations applied with or without nitrogen fertilizers for crop by-product, their incorporation into the soil on the decomposition of plant residues and composition of mobile humus substances in typical slightly eroded chernozem.Materials and Methods. The study was carried out in the field experimental station of Kursk FARC in the cycles of cereal and cereal-row crop rotations in variants with by-product treated with biopreparations; with applied biopreparations + nitrogen fertilizers; with applied nitrogen fertilizers and without biopreparations. To study decomposition the content of unhumified organic matter was determined in the topsoil by the monolith method after by-product incorporation into the soil and 3045 days after their decomposition. Simultaneously the composition of mobile humus substances in the soil was determined.Results. The decomposition of crop by-product and after harvesting and root residues mixed with it in the soil and treated with biopreparations or nitrogen mineral fertilizers was studied for the first time. The peculiarities of the effect of the factors studied on the degree of plant residue decomposition and the composition of mobile humus substances were shown.Conclusion. It was determined that treating the by-product of barley, buckwheat and sunflower with bioproducts, both with applied nitrogen fertilizers and without them, contributed to the increase in the degree of plant residue decomposition as compared with the control and nitrogen mineral fertilizer application. In the years which are favourable according to hydrothermal conditions the improved quality of mobile humus substances of the soil influenced by biopreparations are noted and under extreme conditions the tendency to the improvement of their quality is observed.

scholarly journals Cover plants with potential use for crop-livestock integrated systems in the Cerrado region

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1200-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arminda Moreira de Carvalho ◽  
Lara Line Pereira de Souza ◽  
Roberto Guimarães Júnior ◽  
Pedro Cesar Almeida Castro Alves ◽  
Lúcio José Vivaldi
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Plant Decomposition ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Canavalia Brasiliensis

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose concentrations in the decomposition process of cover plant residues with potential use in no-tillage with corn, for crop-livestock integrated system, in the Cerrado region. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Cerrados, in Planaltina, DF, Brazil in a split plot experimental design. The plots were represented by the plant species and the subplots by harvesting times, with three replicates. The cover plants Urochloa ruziziensis, Canavalia brasiliensis, Cajanus cajan, Pennisetum glaucum, Mucuna aterrima, Raphanus sativus, Sorghum bicolor were evaluated together with spontaneous plants in the fallow. Cover plants with lower lignin concentrations and, consequently, higher residue decomposition such as C. brasiliensis and U. ruziziensis promoted higher corn yield. High concentrations of lignin inhibit plant residue decomposition and this is favorable for the soil cover. Lower concentrations of lignin result in accelerated plant decomposition, more efficient nutrient cycling, and higher corn yield.

scholarly journals Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization of a Plant Residue Amended Soil: The Effect of Salinity Stress

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
BC Walpola ◽  
KKIU Arunakumara
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Saline Condition ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Amended Soil

A factorial combination of saline and non-saline soil with three residue types (Sesbania grandiflora, Caliandra calothyrsus and Gliricidia maculata leaves) was used in laboratory incubation. The CO2-C content of plant residue amended soils was found to be increased steadily during the first two weeks of incubation followed by gradual reduction as incubation progressed. Under non-saline condition (EC=0.97 dS/m), the highest cumulative CO2-C content (1551 mg/kg soil) was observed in Caliandra amended soil, followed by Sesbania (1161 mg/kg soil) and Gliricidia (1042 mg/kg soil). The higher biodegradability of Caliandra leaves induced by the higher C content compared to the other residues. The CO2-C evolved under saline condition (EC=18.2 dS/m), ranged from 313 mg/kg (control) to 905 CO2-C mg/kg (Caliandra amended) soils. Sesbania amended non-saline soil showed the highest (227 mg/kg soil) and rapid release of NH4+-N, followed by Gliricidia (181 mg/kg soil) and Caliandra (177 mg/kg soil). Whereas under saline condition, release of NH4+-N ranged from 93 mg/kg (control) to 183 mg/kg (Sesbania amended). Though treatment behavior pattern of NO3--N was similar to that of NH4+-N throughout the incubation, saline soil showed significantly (P< 0.05) low NH4+-N and NO3--N contents compared to non-saline soil. Key words: Soil quality; Plant residues; Carbon and nitrogen mineralization; Salinity stress DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9608 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 565-572

scholarly journals Succession of Bacterial Populations during Plant Residue Decomposition in Rice Field Soil

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (14) ◽  
pp. 4879-4886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junpeng Rui ◽  
Jingjing Peng ◽  
Yahai Lu
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Rice Field Soil ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Processes

ABSTRACT The incorporation of rice residues into paddy fields strongly enhances methane production and emissions. Although the decomposition processes of plant residues in rice field soil has been documented, the structure and dynamics of the microbial communities involved are poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to determine the dynamics of short-chain fatty acids and the structure of bacterial communities during residue decomposition in a rice field soil. The soil was anaerobically incubated with the incorporation of rice root or straw residues for 90 days at three temperatures (15, 30, and 45°C). The dynamics of fatty acid intermediates showed an initial cumulative phase followed by a rapid consumption phase and a low-concentration quasi-steady state. Correspondingly, the bacterial populations displayed distinct successions during residue decomposition. Temperature showed a strong effect on the dynamics of bacterial populations. Members of Clostridium (clusters I and III) were most dominant in the incubations, particularly in the early successions. Bacteroidetes and Chlorobi were abundant in the later successions at 15 and 30°C, while Acidobacteria were selected at 45°C. We suggest that the early successional groups are responsible for the decomposition of the easily degradable fraction of residues, while the late successional groups become more important in decomposing the less-degradable or resistant fraction of plant residues. The bacterial succession probably is related to resource availability during residue decomposition. The fast-growing organisms are favored at the beginning, while the slow-growing bacteria are better adapted in the later stages, when substrate availability is limiting.

scholarly journals Nutrient cycling of different plant residues and fertilizer doses in broccoli cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
José Luiz R Torres ◽  
Fernando R da C Gomes ◽  
Antônio Carlos Barreto ◽  
Valdeci Orioli Junior ◽  
Guilherme Deodato França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Sunn Hemp

ABSTRACT The decomposition and release of nutrients from plant residues that precede the cultivation of vegetables can positively affect the morphological parameters and crop productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant residue decomposition and the cycling of macro and micronutrients of four cover crops preceding the broccoli production (single head Avenger hybrid). A 4x3 factorial scheme was implemented including four cover crops: signal grass (SG), pearl millet (PM), sunn hemp (SH), mixture PM+SH; and three doses of mineral fertilizer: 0, 50 (200 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 50 kg ha-1 of K2O, 75 kg ha-1 of N) and 100% of the recommended fertilizer dose (400 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 100 kg ha-1 of K2O and 150 kg ha-1 of N). Fresh (FB) and dry biomass (DB), residue decomposition, nutrient cycling of cover crops, the number of leaves, head height (HH), stem diameter (SD), head diameter (HD), head fresh-biomass (FB), head dry biomass (DB) and broccoli yield were evaluated. The FB production from PM (25.9 t ha-1), SG (23.3 t ha-1) and mixture PM+SH (23.9 t ha-1) were similar, while the largest production of DB occurred in the SG (11.9 t ha-1). The lowest rate of decomposition and the greatest half-life time of residues occurred where PM was present. The accumulation and nutrient cycling follow the sequence K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S and Mn>Zn>B>Cu for all cover crop treatments evaluated. The highest SD (51.95; 51.44 and 50.67 mm), HD (187.97; 187.41 and 183.48 mm), FB (1.01; 1.00 and 0.97 kg), DB (0.08; 0.07 and 0.07 kg) and broccoli yield (25.3; 24.9 and 24.7 t ha-1) was observed in the 100% dose of mineral fertilizer and on the residues of SH or PM+SH mixture, respectively.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Methanogenic Archaeal Community during Plant Residue Decomposition in an Anoxic Rice Field Soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2894-2901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Peng ◽  
Zhe Lü ◽  
Junpeng Rui ◽  
Yahai Lu
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Rice Field Soil ◽  
Residue Decomposition

ABSTRACT Incorporation of plant residues strongly enhances the methane production and emission from flooded rice fields. Temperature and residue type are important factors that regulate residue decomposition and CH4 production. However, the response of the methanogenic archaeal community to these factors in rice field soil is not well understood. In the present experiment, the structure of the archaeal community was determined during the decomposition of rice root and straw residues in anoxic rice field soil incubated at three temperatures (15°C, 30°C, and 45°C). More CH4 was produced in the straw treatment than root treatment. Increasing the temperature from 15°C to 45°C enhanced CH4 production. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses in combination with cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes showed that Methanosarcinaceae developed early in the incubations, whereas Methanosaetaceae became more abundant in the later stages. Methanosarcinaceae and Methanosaetaceae seemed to be better adapted at 15°C and 30°C, respectively, while the thermophilic Methanobacteriales and rice cluster I methanogens were significantly enhanced at 45°C. Straw residues promoted the growth of Methanosarcinaceae, whereas the root residues favored Methanosaetaceae. In conclusion, our study revealed a highly dynamic structure of the methanogenic archaeal community during plant residue decomposition. The in situ concentration of acetate (and possibly of H2) seems to be the key factor that regulates the shift of methanogenic community.

Nitrogen transformations in calcareous soils amended with pig slurry under aerobic incubation

1993 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Bernal ◽  
A. Roig
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYThe mineralization and nitrification processes in pig slurry were investigated in Spain in 1990 in three calcareous soils, differing mainly in content and type of clay, two classified as Typic Calciorthids and one as a Xerollic Calciorthid. Two different amounts of slurry were mixed with the soils, one equivalent to 273 mg N/kg soil and the other equivalent to 546 mg N/kg soil. The mixtures of soil and slurry were aerobically incubated for 16 weeks at 28 °C. A mean initial immobilization of 22·19% of the total-N added was detected in soils treated with the lower rate of slurry. The amount of mineralized N after 112 days of incubation was between 36 and 47% of the total-N added with the lower slurry application to the three soils. The net amount of N mineralized throughout the experiment was therefore within the range 14–23% of the total-N added. The nitrification of the NH4-N added to the soil began after 7 days of incubation, and followed a first-order kinetic model. The mean values of potential nitrate formation were 61 and 51% of the total-N added in soils amended with 273 and 546 mg N as pig slurry per kg soil respectively. The rate constants were higher in the treatments with the lower slurry application (0·043–0·083 per day). Therefore, in these treatments, the nitrification process was faster and total nitrate levels were higher than in soils receiving double that amount of slurry. The NO3-N evolution was parallel to the total-N evolution from the 14th day of incubation onwards. The N-mineralization process was limited by the transformation of the organic-N into ammonium (ammonification).

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