scholarly journals Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight Baby: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Poly Begum ◽  
Md Kamrul Hassan ◽  
Aloke Kumar Saha ◽  
Tahmina Akter ◽  
Mahmuda Afrin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Medical Risks

Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the main predictors of infant mortality. The global incidence of LBW is around 17%, although estimates vary from 19% in the developing countries like Bangladesh to 5-7% in the developed countries. About one third of delivery is low birth weight. LBW is generally associated with situations in which uterine malnutrition is produced due to alterations in placental circulation. There are many known risk factors, the most important of which are socio-economic factors, medical risks before or during gestation and maternal lifestyles. However, although interventions exist to prevent many of these factors before and during pregnancy, the incidence of LBW has not decreased.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2017;12(1): 40-46

scholarly journals Current obesity was associated with hypertension in children born very low birth weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chompoonut Limratchapong ◽  
Pracha Nuntnarumit ◽  
Wischuri Paksi ◽  
Kwanchai Pirojsakul
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Masked Hypertension ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Hypertension In Children

Abstract Objectives Previous studies from the developed countries showed that children born very low birth weight have a higher risk of hypertension compared with that of the normal birth weight controls. However, studies regarding the prevalence of hypertension in such children from the developing countries are scarce. This study aimed to identify the perinatal and postnatal factors associated with hypertension in children born very low birth weight. Results Forty-six children aged ≥ 6 years from the VLBW cohort of Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand underwent the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The prevalence of hypertension was 15.2% (7/46). The hypertension group had a significant higher BMI z-score at 3 years of age (0.90 ± 1.44 vs − 0.45 ± 1.47, p = 0.045) and a greater proportion of current obesity (42% vs 2.5%, p < 0.01) compared to those in the normotensive group. Multivariate analysis revealed that current obesity was associated with hypertension (OR 34.77, 95%CI 1.814–666.5). Among 36 children with normal office blood pressure, four children (11.1%) had high blood pressure uncovered by ABPM, called “masked hypertension”. Office systolic blood pressure at the 85th percentile was the greatest predictor for masked hypertension with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 81.2%.

scholarly journals Research and Publication from Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan R Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Publishing Research ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Developed Countries

In 2002, Richard Smith wrote an editorial, “publishing research from developing countries” in the Journal “Statistics in Medicine” highlighting the importance of research and publication from the developing countries (DCs).1 In that article, he mentioned the disparity in research and publication between the developed and developing countries. Almost two decades on, the problem still largely remains the same. It is estimated that more than 80% of the world’s population lives in more than 100 developing countries.2 In terms of disease burden, the prevalence and mortality from diseases in the low and middle-income countries are disproportionately high compared to developed countries.3 Although there is a high burden of disease, we base our treatment inferring results from research and publication from the developed countries which may not be fully generalizable due to geographical cultural, racial, and economic factors. This is where the problem lies.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the outcome of neonates with anorectal malformation in a developing country

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar Nisar ◽  
Asad Iqbal ◽  
Noshela Javed ◽  
Samer Sikander ◽  
Sadia Asmat Burki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Anorectal Malformations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Mean

Background: The survival and outcome of neonates with anorectal malformations (ARM) have much improved in the developed countries due to optimal perioperative and postoperative care but in developing countries, sepsis, low birth weight, delayed presentation, and lack of intensive care for neonates are still important in affecting the outcome. This study was carried out to evaluate factors of poor outcome (mortality) in neonates with ARM. Method: This is a prospective analytical study. A total of 44 consecutive neonates with Anorectal malformations (ARM) presenting to the Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children’s Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, were included. Variables studied included age at presentation, gender, birth weight, type of malformation, sepsis at presentation, type of surgery performed, postoperative complications, and their relationship to the outcome. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 44 neonates with ARM were included in the study. In the study population, 56.8 % (25) were males and 43.2% (19) were females. The mean age at presentation was 2.1 ± 0.5 days. The mean birth weight was 2.5 ± 0.6 kg. Overall mortality was 29.5% (13) with 13.63% (6) patients died pre-operatively. The most common cause of death in postoperative patients was sepsis (40%). There was a statistically significant relationship between low birth weight (P= <0.01) and sepsis at presentation (P=0.001) with mortality. No statistically significant association was found when the outcome was compared with age at presentation (P=0.21) and postoperative complications (P=0.16). Conclusion: In developing countries, the lack of resources, lack of trained midwives/LHVs, intensive care are contributing factors to sepsis and delayed presentation, and ultimately mortality. Good antenatal care, awareness of the midwives/Lady Health Visitors to refer such patients in time, and provision of adequate intensive care can improve the outcome of surgery in ARMs.

scholarly journals Current Obesity Was Associated with Hypertension in Children Born Very Low Birth Weight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chompoonut Limratchapong ◽  
Pracha Nuntnarumit ◽  
Wischuri Paksi ◽  
Kwanchai Pirojsakul
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Masked Hypertension ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Hypertension In Children

Abstract Objectives: Previous studies from the developed countries showed that children born very low birth weight have a higher risk of hypertension compared with that of the normal birth weight controls. However, studies regarding the prevalence of hypertension in such children from the developing countries are scarce. This study aimed to identify the perinatal and postnatal factors associated with hypertension in children born very low birth weight.Results: Forty-six children aged ≥ 6 years from the VLBW cohort of Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand underwent the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The prevalence of hypertension was 15.2% (7/46). The hypertension group had a significant higher BMI z-score at 3 years of age (0.90 ± 1.44 vs -0.45 ± 1.47, P = 0.045) and a greater proportion of current obesity (42% vs 2.5%, P < 0.01) compared to those in the normotensive group. Multivariate analysis revealed that current obesity was associated with hypertension (OR 20.5, 95%CI 1.07-391.5). Among 36 children with normal office blood pressure, four children (11.1%) had high blood pressure uncovered by ABPM, so-called “masked hypertension”. Office systolic blood pressure at the 85th percentile was the greatest predictor for masked hypertension with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 81.2%.

scholarly journals Study of obstetric outcome in pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1858
Author(s):  
Surbhi Sinha ◽  
Vilas N. Kurude
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Foetal Growth Restriction

Background: The prevalence of low birth weight affects approximately 3-10% of live-born newborns in developed countries and 15-20% of newborns.in developing countries. The most common cause of low birth weight is considered to be intrauterine foetal growth restriction. IUGR being an outcome of multiple etiologies and as indicated by the literature survey varies upon population statistics in terms of economic status as well as maternal health conditions.Methods: This study includes 100 patients with foetal growth restriction in a tertiary health care centre in Mumbai over a period of 11/2 year (Jan 2015 to July2016) and the relevant data of these patients such as indoor registration number, maternal age, parity, antenatal registration and referral details, medical, obstetric, social risk factors and feto-maternal outcome were collected using a predesigned proforma.Results: Incidence of IUGR in our study population was found to be 2.13% of which maximum number of cases (48%) were seen in the age group of 21-25 years. Low socio-economic group, maternal high-risk factors like Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia were associated with low Mean Birth weights of babies. Symphysio-fundal height was found to be a sensitive predictor of IUGR and the ratio HC/AC was associated with prediction of type of IUGR (p=0.000). 83% cases were found to have asymmetric IUGR while 17% cases had symmetric IUGR. The Perinatal Mortality Rate was found to be 1.92 per 1000 live births with 5% still births and 8% neonatal deaths, the most common causes of neonatal death being sepsis (44.4%) and respiratory distress syndrome (44.4%).Conclusions: Accurate dating, provision of early registration with regular antenatal checkup, clinico- sonographic evaluation and correlation for fetal growth in high risk patients and strict antepartum surveillance after IUGR has been identified are recommended. Integration of foetal anatomy assessment, amniotic fluid dynamics, uterine, umbilical, and foetal middle cerebral artery Doppler is the most effective approach to differentiate potentially manageable placenta-based Fetal Growth Restriction(FGR) from IUGR due to aneuploidy, non- aneuploid syndromes, and viral infection.

scholarly journals Esophageal atresia: predicting outcomes and decreasing mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-326
Author(s):  
Rustam F. Mukhametshin ◽  
Nikita V. Toropov ◽  
Olga T. Kabdrakhmanova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Esophageal Atresia ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Infectious Complications

This literature review is devoted to the problem of predicting in-hospital mortality in newborns with esophageal atresia (EA). According to epidemiological study data, in developed countries, the mortality rate in newborns with EA ranges from 9% to 11% over the past 20 years. Three classifications were developed, Waterston 1962, Montreal 1993, and Spitz 1994, to assess the prognostic significance of risk factors. They considered birth weight, the presence of concomitant congenital malformations and pneumonia, and the need for mechanical ventilation. The choice of a model for predicting outcomes depends on the level of health care and other factors, such as prematurity, low birth weight, late diagnosis, and infectious complications. These factors have a greater impact on patient survival in developing countries than in developed ones, where insurmountable risk factors come out on top: combined congenital malformations and very low birth weight. Also, the magnitude of diastasis between segments of the esophagus creates difficulties in choosing surgical tactics and managing such patients in the postoperative period. In addition, the management of such patients in the intensive care unit, both preoperatively and postoperatively, has a significant impact on the outcome. The literature review underlined "pain points" in the treatment of newborns with EA in regions with different levels of medical care, the consideration of which will allow the achievement of better results.

A comprehensive review on gout: the epidemiological trends, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kanwal Ashiq ◽  
Mayyda Asif Bajwa ◽  
Samreen Tanveer ◽  
Mehwish Qayyum ◽  
Sana Ashiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
English Language ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Trends

Abstract This review is aimed at provision of an updated knowledge about the gout and highlights the various areas which need to be focused for better healthcare. Relevant published articles in English Language were reviewed by utilizing various available databases including: Google Scholar, Springer Link, Science Direct and MEDLINE. The data reveal a precipitating number of gout cases from the developed countries, while the developing countries on the other hand are faced with an even higher threat. The risk factors and pathophysiology of gout are immaculate and clearly established. Hence, appropriate measures can be explored and worked on to pinpoint diagnosis, effective and economical treatment. Continuous...

scholarly journals Outcome of LBW Babies Admitted in the N.I.C.U. - A Hospital based Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Ravindra Sonawane ◽  
Suhas Patil ◽  
Nilesh Ahire ◽  
Nimish Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Study Results

<strong>Background and Objective:</strong> More than 20 million infants worldwide, representing 15.5 per cent of all births are born with low birth weight. More than 95 percent of them are born in developing countries. The incidence of low birth weight in developing countries (16.5 per cent) is more than double the incidence in developed regions (7 per cent). In India, nearly 8 million babies are born with a Low Birth Weight every year. In India, we are still struggling to get minimum care facilities for our neonates. The neonatal mortality rate in India is still 5 to 6 times higher compared to that in developed countries. Because of their susceptibility to complications, low birth weight neonates require specialized and expert care during the neonatal period. This study was undertaken to study the role of various morbidities in the mortality of LBW neonates admitted in the N.I.C.U. <br /><br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> The study was conducted in the N.I.C.U. of a Tertiary Health Care Centre, in Department of Pediatrics. 106 neonates with birth weight less than 2500 grams from among the neonates admitted in the NICU were included in the study. Results: There were 48 deaths out of 106 cases studied thus making the mortality rate of 45.28% and the survival rate of 54.72% (58/106 cases). Respiratory distress contributed maximum to mortality, followed by Septicemia/Sepsis. Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia followed septicemia in prevalence. Among the spectrum of Respiratory distress, Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) contributed maximum to mortality.

scholarly journals SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO ECONOMIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE BIRTH OUTCOMES AMONG NEONATES IN KAJIADO COUNTY REFERRAL HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Boniface Mwai ◽  
Gideon Kikuvi ◽  
Dennis Magu
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine socio demographic and socio economic factors associated with adverse birth outcomes among neonates in Kajiado County Referral Hospital. Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study design was used. The study population was women admitted in post-natal ward at Kajiado county Referral Hospital having delivered within 48 hours. Systematic sampling was used to select the women admitted in post-natal ward. A total of 163 study participants were recruited through systematic sampling. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from the respondents. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Pearson chi-square test was used to determine the significance of association between each outcome variable and the independent variables. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were used to estimate the strength of association. The threshold for significance was set at P<0.05 at all levels of analyses. Summary statistic of independent variables was presented using frequency tables, pie charts, percentages and graphs. Results: The study found out that teenage pregnancy (giving birth at age ≤19 years) was significantly associated with preterm births and low birth weight. Neonates who were born by teenage mothers had higher odds of being preterm and low birth weight than those whose mothers were of  higher ages .Neonates born to mothers who were single had higher odds of low birth weight and preterm births compared to those born to married mothers. Neonates whose mothers resided in rural area had higher odds of having low birth weight and preterm birth compared to the urban dwellers. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that there is need of prevention of teenage pregnancies. This can be achieved by including sexuality and health education in the new competence based curriculum, development of laws with stiffer penalties for punishing those responsible for impregnating teenage girls. The study also recommended the empowerment of girl child through access to education, sensitizing the community against retrogressive cultural practices that lead to early pregnancies such as early marriages.

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