scholarly journals Overview of Organo-phosphorus Compound Poisoning in Bangladesh and Medico-legal Aspects Related to Fatal Cases

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Mushtaq Ahmad ◽  
Farial Naima Rahman ◽  
Mohd Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
Dipak Kumer Paul Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Cultivation Method ◽  
Otc Drugs ◽  
Suicidal Death ◽  
Major Clinical Problem

The corresponding author Mushtaq Ahmed was added on 3/12/2009.Introduction: Bangladesh is a developing country of South Asia. Rural population of this country is mostly dependant on agricultural cultivations. With the advance of times, pesticides are, now a days routinely used for modern cultivation method. These are readily available as over the counter (OTC) drugs in village shops and act as a common agent for suicidal purpose after trivial family problems. Currently pesticide self poisoning has become a major clinical problem of the developing countries  killing around 3,00,000 people each year. Industrialized countries are also affected by it, where a significant proportion of suicidal death are caused by Pesticide ingestion. Of course, such poisoning is seldom included as a priority for heath research in this country.   doi: 10.3329/jafmc.v5i1.2851 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 5, No 1 (June) 2009 pp.41-45

Country-of-origin versus brand: consumers’ dilemma when choosing between generic and branded drugs in emerging countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Smaoui ◽  
Fatma Abdellah Kilani ◽  
Mourad Touzani
Keyword(s):  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Otc Drugs ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Emerging Country

Purpose Taking an emerging country perspective, this paper aims to investigate consumers’ preferences for over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, regarding three attributes: country-of-origin (COO), brand status (branded versus generic) and price. The second purpose is to test the effect of COO and brand status on consumers’ perceptions of quality, trust and purchasing intentions. Design/methodology/approach After a preliminary qualitative study, consumers answered a follow-up questionnaire to evaluate eight product combinations (COO/brand status/price) for three categories of OTC drugs. Conjoint analysis allowed assessing the importance of COO compared to brand status and price, while ANOVA was used to test the effect of COO and branding status on consumers’ responses. Findings Findings show that, in an emerging countries context, COO is less important than brand status in consumers’ preferences. COO and brand status have a greater effect on consumers’ perceptions of drug quality and trust than on purchasing intentions. Research limitations/implications The limited number of factors (brand status/COO/price) could have amplified their relative importance. Practical implications Pharmaceutical companies from industrialized countries, exporting generic drugs to emerging markets, can benefit from the favorably perceived COO of their drugs and thus help the acceptance of generic drugs in these markets. Originality/value The study has two major contributions. It aims to contribute to a better understanding of consumer behavior in the pharmaceutical field. It also transposes the framework on COO to the context of an emerging country: Tunisia.

scholarly journals FOOTLENGTH MESEAUREMENT AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL IN IDENTIFICATION OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Gyanesh Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
Incident Rates

The incident rates for LBW at term conservatively estimate IUGR because when all infants below the 10the percentile of the birth-weight-for-gestational-age reference are considered, approximately 24% or 30 million newborn in developing countries would be affected each year. Prematurity and IUGR are the two main cause of LBW. The majority of LBW in developing countries is due to IUGR, while most LBW in industrialized countries is due to preterm birth. The   study   was conducted on five hundred and fifty newborns of either sex.  The newborns were taken from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Department of Pediatrics and those present in the post-natal and post-operative ward of Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, S.N. Medical College and Hospital. Neonatal and infant mortality rates are the sensitive indicators of child health. NMR of 37 for India and 44 per 1000 live births for UP is alarmingly high as compared to the other parts of the world. Of these neonatal deaths nearly 2/3 die within 1st weak itself. LBW and prematurity contribute to a significant proportion of the cause. Key Words: IUGR, NMR, LBW and Crown-heel length

Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
A.G. Salmanov ◽  
O.M. Verner ◽  
L.F. Slepova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Major Clinical Problem

Species of the Acinetobacter represent opportunistic bacteria with a growing clinical significance for Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). In this literature review, we focus on the current role of Acinetobacter in infectious pathology and describe taxonomy, pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance of these bacteria. Pathogenesis and regulation of virulence factors in Acinetobacter spp. are described in detail. The majority of acinetobacterial infections are associated with A. baumannii and occur predominantly in an immunocompromised host. Usually, acinetobacterial  infections  are characterized by local purulent inflammation; in severe cases, meningitis and sepsis may develop. Antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter is a major clinical problem; therefore we give special attention to laboratory testing of resistance to antibiotics as well as identification of Acinetobacter.

Competition Policy for the New Era

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Collective Wisdom ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
The World

This book presents a new stage in the contributions of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) to the development of Competition Law and policy. These countries have significant influence in their respective regions and in the world. The changing global environment means greater political and economic role for the BRICS and other emerging countries. BRICS countries are expected to contribute nearly half of all global gross domestic product growth by 2020. For more than a century, the path of Competition Law has been defined by the developed and industrialized countries of the world. Much later, developing countries and emerging economies came on the scene. They experience many of the old competition problems, but they also experience new problems, and experience even the old problems differently. Where are the fora to talk about Competition Law and policy fit for developing and emerging economies? The contributors in this book are well-known academic and practising economists and lawyers from both developed and developing countries. The chapters begin with a brief introduction of the topic, followed by a critical discussion and a conclusion. Accordingly, each chapter is organized around a central argument made by its author(s) in relation to the issue or case study discussed. These arguments are thoughtful, precise, and very different from each another. Each chapter is written to be a valuable freestanding contribution to our collective wisdom. The set of case studies as a whole helps to build a collection of different perspectives on competition policy.

Over-the-Counter Monograph Safety, Innovation, and Reform Act

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-327
Author(s):  
Jason Gardiner ◽  
Aaron S. Kesselheim
Keyword(s):  
Over The Counter ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Otc Drugs ◽  
The Us

AbstractOver-the-counter (OTC) drugs are ubiquitous in the US. Policymakers have long debated how to modernize the system for making determinations of safety and effectiveness and addressing safety issues with OTC drugs.

The Pre-dilatation of vessels: A simple method to recruit small caliber veins for creating distal fistulas

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982098317
Author(s):  
Marcello Napoli ◽  
Anna Zito ◽  
Maria Luisa Lefons ◽  
Paolo Ria ◽  
Emiliana Ferramosca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Early Failure ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Maturation Rate ◽  
Vein Diameter ◽  
Major Clinical Problem

Maturation failure remains a major clinical problem of distal arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Early failure (EF) is associated with the small size of the veins. For about 10 years we have used in more than 1000 fistulas, the Vessels Pre-Dilatation (VPD) to increase the recruitment of small veins for creating distal AVFs. The purpose of this study is to highlight if the VPD can reduce the incidence of EF or failure to mature (FTM) in AVFs created with small veins. Data of all the consecutive patients directly admitted to our Department for their first distal AVF from January to December 2019 were collected. The patients were divided in two groups, one with a vein diameter after the tourniquet ⩽2.0 mm (G1) and one >2 mm (G2). Both in G1 then in G2 the vessels had undergone VPD. Immediate failure (IF), EF, FTM, delayed or arrested maturation rate (DAM), unassisted AVFs and matured AFVs were evaluated. The patients recruited totalled 104, 37 in G1, and 67 in G2. The two groups were homogeneous in age, incidence of diabetes, obesity, heart disease, peripheral vasculopathy, and race. Female were more numerous in G1 (51% vs 12%, p < 0.001). In G1 and G2 occurred respectively 3 IF versus zero ( p < 0.05), 10 EF (29%) versus 6 (9%) ( p < 0.05), 6 DAM (16%) versus 6 (9%), 21 unassisted AVFs (57%) versus 57 (85%) ( p < 0.01). Dividing the patients into groups of unassisted and assisted AVFs, female and low vein diameter are more represented in the assisted group. There were 32 matured AVFs (86%) in G1 and 65 (97%) in G2. In order to increase the incidence of the distal AVF, the PDV allows to include small veins. However, more patients require further interventions to achieve maturation of the fistula.

The awakening information needs of the developing countries

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjorn V. Tell
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Online Systems ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Centres Of Excellence

The developing countries arc emulating the industrialized countries when setting up information services to cater for their information needs. However, the traditional infrastruc ture of service organisations may not be the best model for supporting easy and speedy access to information. A different approach is argued, founded upon the enthusiasm with which many developing countries have taken to online systems when demonstrated there. A model for a ministerial information network is proposed as part of a "social intel ligence function" of the country. It is proposed that Unesco and UNIDO should set up regional "centres of excellence" according to this model for developing countries.

scholarly journals Manually operated pile driver for use in the south Iraqi Marshlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Monti ◽  
Giuseppe Rossi ◽  
Stefano Simonini ◽  
Francesco Sorbetti Guerri ◽  
Matteo Barbari
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The South ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Pile Driver ◽  
Floating Pier

Anthropizations are necessary to implement the maintenance, recovery and utilization of wetlands. These interventions should be sustainable in every sense, in particular they should be marked by a low environmental impact. In general this aim can be achieved by using natural materials and carrying out procedures minimally invasive. In Developing Countries the latter point is often supported by the lack of equipment and energy availability, normally obtainable in Industrialized Countries. In practice, to build micro-infrastructures with the above said characteristics, it is normally necessary to drive poles, in our case in wood, in marshland’s soil. In order to accomplish this task a manually operated pile driver was designed and built. To operate in the water, a floating pier consisting of removable modular elements was also designed.

Concerns and difficulties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults with cancer in Mexico.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12042-12042
Author(s):  
Sofia Sánchez-Román ◽  
Yanin Chavarri Guerra ◽  
Andrea Morales Morales Alfaro ◽  
Daniela Ramirez Maza ◽  
Andrea de la O Murillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
The Individual

12042 Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the well-being of people not only due to the disease but also because of stay-at-home orders, social distancing, unemployment, and different kinds of loses. Older adults have particularly suffered during the pandemic, with increased health-related concerns and anxiety leading to increased vulnerability. However, little is known about the effects of the pandemic on older adults with cancer living in developing countries. They are facing issues related to their diagnosis and treatment, as well as the effects of the pandemic on their care and on the well-being of their families. To improve care for this vulnerable population, we studied the concerns and difficulties associated with COVID-19 among older Mexican adults with cancer. Methods: We included patients age ≥65 with the 10 most common tumors in Mexico according to GLOBOCAN and within 3-24 months of cancer diagnosis at two public hospitals in Mexico City. Patients were contacted telephonically and asked to complete a survey reporting the difficulties encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic and to rate their concerns associated with cancer care management using a 0-10 Likert-type scale, with higher ratings meaning increased concerns. Focused interviews were used to describe the individual experience of selected patients and their relatives related to COVID-19 and cancer care. Results: Between April 20, 2020 and December 1, 2021, 67 patients (mean age 71.9, min 65, max 90; 35.8% female; 62.7% living with a partner) were included. The most common tumors were prostate (43%), colon (16%), and lung (12%). 46% had Stage IV disease, and 61% had a life expectancy of more than a year. Twenty-five percent of patients reported encountering at least one difficulty in obtaining cancer care due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 43% of the patients reported difficulties with accessing follow-up cancer care; 39% reported issues with obtaining medications, including chemotherapy; and 34% reported problems obtaining medical care in general, including oncology visits. Regarding concerns, 33% of the patients reported being “very worried” or “extremely worried” about the COVID-19 pandemic. The most relevant concerns were related to getting infected with COVID-19 (or having a family member who became infected) (mean rating 7.9, SD 2.9); not being able to pay for cancer treatments or medical care (mean rating 6.9, SD 3.5); and worsening of cancer due to delayed care during the pandemic (mean rating 6.6, SD 3.7). Conclusions: A significant proportion of older adults with cancer in Mexico faced difficulties obtaining cancer treatment and follow-up care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their most relevant concerns included getting infected, financial losses, and progression of disease. Creating systems to provide continued cancer care for vulnerable populations in developing countries is essential to face the COVID-19 pandemic.

Foreign nurse recruitment

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Christine Delucas
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Healthcare Crisis ◽  
Source Countries ◽  
Foreign Nurse

Recruitment of nurses by industrialized nations from developing countries has been common practice for decades. Globalization, a crucial trend of the 21st century, raises the world’s awareness of the economic and social disparities between nations. The direct impact on nurse emigration emphasizes the ethical, economic, and social inequalities between source and destination countries. It is often more cost-effective for industrialized countries to recruit from developing countries; however, the depletion of source country resources has created a global healthcare crisis. Destination countries are being challenged on the ethical implications of aggressive recruitment and their lack of developing a sustainable self-sufficient domestic workforce. Similarly, source countries are confronting the same challenges as they struggle to fund and educate adequate numbers of nurses for domestic needs and emigrant replacement. This article will review the ethical, economic, and social impacts of continued unrestricted international recruitment of nurses and present a proposal for development of an international treaty addressing global sustainability.

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