scholarly journals Salmonellosis in layer chickens: pathological features and isolation of bacteria from ovaries and inner content of laid eggs

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K Saha ◽  
M A Sufian ◽  
M I Hossain ◽  
M M Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Dead Layer ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Visceral Organs ◽  
Leukocytic Infiltration ◽  
Salmonella Pullorum ◽  
Egg Follicles

We isolated and identified Salmonella organisms from ovaries of dead layer birds and from inner content of laid eggs of different poultry farms. The thirty eight ovarian swabs for bacteriology, visceral organs (liver, lung, spleen, egg follicles and intestine) of 38 dead birds for pathological study from 15 layer farms and 45 laid eggs (5 eggs/farm) from reported 9 Salmonella infected farms constituted samples of the study. Samples were subjected to isolation and identification of the causal agent followed by gross and histopathological study of the affected visceral organs. Seventeen of 38 ovarian swabs (44.7%) were Salmonella positive. The percentage of Salmonella Gallinarum, Salmonella Pullorum and paratyphoid causing Salmonella were 70.6%, 17.6% & 11.8%, respectively. About 53% livers of Salmonella affected birds were enlarged, congested, friable and bronze coloured with white necrotic foci. About 59% egg follicles were congested, hemorrhagic, discoloured with stalk formation and 70.6% intestines showed hemorrhagic to catarrhal enteritis. At histopathology, 76.5% livers were congested with formation of multifocal nodules and 82.4% egg follicles were congested with huge leukocytic infiltration. Infiltration of heterophils in intestinal mucosa was found in 47.1% cases. Four Salmonella isolates were found from 9 laid egg samples (5 eggs content comprised as 1 sample) and isolation rate was 44.4% reporting transovarian transmission in poultry Salmonellosis.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12095   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 61–67, 2012  

scholarly journals Prevalence of Salmonella infection in naturally infected layer of birds in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Rahman ◽  
ABM Shahinuzzaman ◽  
AK Saha ◽  
MA Sufian ◽  
MH Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cloacal Swab ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Leukocytic Infiltration ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Salmonella Pullorum ◽  
Egg Follicles

The seroprevalence, cultural prevalence and pathological study of Salmonella infections in chickens of selected layer farms of Birgonj Upazila (Sub-district), Dinajpur were determined. A total of 175 blood samples were tested randomly by locally prepared Salmonella coloured antigen for seroprevalence study. Out of 96 cloacal swabs, 80 samples from live birds (36 from seropositive and 44 from seronegative) and 16 samples from dead birds were collected to determine the cultural prevalence of Salmonella organisms. Postmortem examination was done in 16 dead birds. Using whole blood agglutination test (WBA) with locally prepared Salmonella Pullorum coloured antigen, the overall seropositive prevalence was 46.2%. The seroprevalence decreased with age of birds. The cultural prevalence in seropositive was 33.3% and in seronegative 22.7%. In dead birds, the cultural prevalence using cloacal swab was 25%. A total 26 Salmonella were isolated, 27% Salmonella Pullorum, 58% Salmonella Gallinarum and 15% paratyphoid group of Salmonella. Isolation rate of Salmonella from cloacal swabs was significantly higher in seropositive than seronegative group. Grossly, the livers were friable, with bronze discolouration and necrotic foci, there was severe congestion in the lung, congested haemorrhagic egg follicles with stalk formation and enlarged discoloured spleen. Microscopically, there was focal necrosis and degeneration with leukocytic infiltration in liver, congestion and pneumonic lesions in the lung and various degrees of catarrhal to haemorrhagic enteritis in the intestine. In the egg follicles, congestion and haemorrhage with leukocytic infiltration and enlarged spleen with white necrotic foci were detected. In future, isolated Salmonella organisms may be used for vaccine production, serotyping and antibiotic sensitivity test. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v28i1.8809   Bangl. vet. 2011. Vol. 28, No. 1, 8-18

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and pathology of naturally infected Salmonellosis in poultry with isolation and identification of causal agents

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKM Ahmed ◽  
MT Islam ◽  
MG Haider ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Dead Bird ◽  
Focal Necrosis ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Leukocytic Infiltration ◽  
Egg Follicles

The present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Salmonella infections in poultry. This study covered cultural prevalence with isolation and identification of the causal agent and pathological lesions in different organs produced by Salmonella in layer farms of Mymensingh district during July-December 2007. The materials were blood samples, liver and cloacal swabs from live and dead birds. The used methods were whole blood agglutination test by commercially available Salmonella antigen kit, culture in different media, Gram's staining, motility test, basic 5 sugar fermentation test and histopathology. The overall seroprevalence was 45.9% in live bird and the rate of seroprevalence decreased with advancement of age of birds. The cultural prevalence in seropositive group was 71% and in seronegative group was 59%. In dead bird, the cultural prevalence in liver was 64% and from cloaca 57%. A total 160 isolates were characterized, among them 64.2% were Salmonella Pullorum, 22.3% were Salmonella Gallinarum and 13.5% were Paratyphoid group of Salmonellae. Pathologically friable, bronze color liver with focal necrosis, various grades of enteritis, and hemorrhagic and congested egg follicles with stalk formation were found. Microscopically, focal necrosis and degeneration with leukocytic infiltration in liver, inflammatory cells in the mucosa and submucosa of intestine were found. In egg follicles, congestion and hemorrhages with leukocytic infiltration were found. The isolated Salmonella organisms may be used for further research such as serotyping, vaccine production and antibiotic sensitivity test. Keywords: Salmonellosis; Seroprevalence; Agglutination test; Histopathology; Poultry DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v6i2.4830 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 6(2): 327-334, 2008

Pathology of Pullorum Disease and Molecular Characterization of Its Pthogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
J Alam ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MAHNA Khan ◽  
MG Haider
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Focal Necrosis ◽  
Salmonella Pullorum

This experiment was conducted to determine the pathology of pullorum disease of chickens and molecular identification of its pathogen. A total of 108 samples, including swabs from different organs were collected from different commercial layer farms of Gazipur district. The histopathological samples were collected in 10% formalin and the swabs were collected in tetrathionate broth. Samples were subjected to isolation and identification of the causal agent followed by gross and histopathological study of the affected visceral organs. Fifty eight out of 108 cloacal swabs (53.7%) were Salmonella positive. The percentage of Salmonella positive in liver swabs, spleen swabs, lung swabs and intestinal swabs from dead birds were 55.88%, 32.35%, 35.29% and 47.05%, respectively. On average, 52.94% livers of Salmonella affected birds were enlarged, congested and hemorrhagic and necrotic foci was present in 32.35% liver. Unabsorbed and coagulated yolk was found in 70.58% cases. From these 38.24% spleens were swollen and congested and 44.12 % kidneys were enlarged. At histopathology, 52.94% livers showed congestion, focal necrosis with multifocal infiltration of histiocytes in liver parenchyma. Focal necrosis and inflammatory cells were found in 70.58% spleen. Infiltration of heterophils in intestinal mucosa was found in 47.05% cases. 20.58% (7 out of 34) samples were PCR positive for Salmonella Pullorum organism. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2019) 23(1) : 25-35

scholarly journals Avian Salmonella Infection: Isolation and Identification of Organisms and Histopathological Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Hossain ◽  
EH Chowdhury ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
MG Haider ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Focal Necrosis ◽  
Fowl Typhoid

The Present study was performed in the Department of Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh during the period from January to December 2004. The study was conducted to determine the occurrence and pathology of pullorum disease, fowl typhoid and salmonellosis (paratyphoid infection) in dead chickens at necropsy in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. A total of 70 samples (liver, ovary and intestine) were collected for isolation of bacteria in different media, and identification was performed based on the staining, cultural and biochemical properties of Salmonella spp. Routine histopathological method was used for the detection of tissue level alterations in Salmonella infected cases. Grossly, in all the infected cases the liver was enlarged and congested and in few cases, liver discoloration with focal necrosis. Old raised hemorrhages in the caecal tonsil and congested deformed ova were other important findings. There was catarrhal inflammation in the intestine. Microscopically, the section of livers showed congestion, hemorrhages, focal necrosis with infiltration of mononuclear cells. The pulmonary lesions consisted of sero-fibrinous exudation with mononuclear cell infiltration. The intestinal mucosa exhibited congestion, hemorrhages and infiltration of plasma cells, heterophils and macrophages. Out of 70 samples, 8 isolates were identified as Salmonella (11.42 %). Of them, five isolates were identified as Salmonella gallinarum, causative agent of fowl typhoid, one isolate was characterized as Salmonella pullorum, causative agent of pullorum disease and other two motile salmonella were identified as paratyphoid infection. Keywords: Fowl typhoid, pullorum disease, paratyphoid, histopathology, isolation, identification doi:10.3329/bjvm.v4i1.1518 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (1): 07-12

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and pathological study of Salmonella infections in layer chickens and isolation and identification of causal agents

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Islam ◽  
MG Haider ◽  
EH Chowdhury ◽  
M Kamruzzaman ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Muscularis Mucosa ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Focal Necrosis ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Layer Chickens

The present research work was conducted to study about the seroprevalence and pathology of Salmonella infections in layer chickens of Dhaka and Gazipur regions of Bangladesh and to isolate and characterize Salmonellae from layer chickens during the period from January to May 2006. The used materials were blood sample, cloacal and liver swabs from live and dead birds respectively, and visceral organs (liver, lungs, spleen and intestine). The used methods were serum plate agglutination (SPA) test; necropsy and histopathology; cultural, morphological and biochemical test. The overall seroprevalence was 43.4%. During necropsy, congested and enlarged liver with focal necrosis, haemorrhagic and discoloured ovary with stalk formation and mild haemorrhagic to catarrhal enteritis in intestine were detected. Microscopically, the liver showed congestion, focal necrosis with multifocal infiltration of histiocytes in liver parenchyma. In ovum, infiltration of leukocytes, bacterial colony, RE cell proliferation and fibrinoid necrosis were recorded. The intestinal mucosa exhibited infiltration of mononuclear cells in mucosa, submucosa as well as muscularis mucosa. A total of 33 (21.02%) Salmonellae from live and dead birds were isolated. The isolation rate of Salmonellae was higher in seronegative (31.6%) group than seropositive (3.2%) group. Out of 33 Salmonella isolates, 25 were S. pullorum, 3 were S. gallinarum and the rest 5 were motile Salmonellae. The isolates obtained in the study may be investigated for serotyping, pathogenesis study, antibiogram and vaccine production in future. Key words: Seroprevalence, histopathology, isolation, identification, Salmonella, chickensDOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v4i2.1288Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (2): 79–85

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Pullorum isolated from ill poultry in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Antonio Casarin Penha Filho ◽  
Joseane Cristina Ferreira ◽  
Ana Maria Iba Kanashiro ◽  
Ana Lúcia da Costa Darini ◽  
Angelo Berchieri Junior
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Salmonella Pullorum ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT: Salmonella Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) and Salmonella Pullorum (S. Pullorum) are poultry host-specific, agents of fowl typhoid and pullorum disease, respectively. These biovars cause septicemic infections, resulting in high mortality. Outbreaks are frequently reported worldwide, causing losses due to the elimination of infected flocks and treatments. The use of antimicrobial agents is frequent in poultry farms to prevent or treat gastrointestinal infections. In the present research it was evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 50 S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum isolates, from outbreaks that occurred between 1987 to 1991 and 2006 to 2013. The comparison of the susceptibility profiles showed that all isolates were susceptible to β-lactams. All isolates from 1987-1991 were susceptible to all antibiotics tested except NAL and CIP (78%). The susceptibility profile of S. Gallinarum (2006 - 2013 period) was the following NAL (58%), CIP (63%), ENR (67%), TET (92%), FFC (96%) and SXT (96%). S. Pullorum isolates (2006 - 2013 period) showed the following susceptibility rates to NAL (65%), CIP (71%), ENR (94%) and TET (94%). All isolates were susceptible to β-lactams tested, however, resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones increased over time. Furthermore, low levels of resistance to other antibiotics were found in recent isolates, such as tetracyclines.

scholarly journals INFECTION-IMMUNITY IN EXPERIMENTAL SALMONELLOSIS

1966 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Collins ◽  
G. B. Mackaness ◽  
R. V. Blanden
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Challenge Dose ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Salmonella Pullorum ◽  
Somatic Antigens ◽  
Highly Virulent

Salmonella enteritidis is highly virulent for the mouse causing an infection resembling mouse typhoid. Survivors of the infection are completely resistant to reinfection and eliminate a large challenge dose of virulent organisms within 72 hr. The antigenically related Salmonella gallinarum was almost avirulent for the mouse but animals vaccinated with this organism were equally capable of eliminating a lethal dose of virulent S. enteritidis. Living Salmonella pullorum, on the other hand, was quickly eliminated from the tissues of normal mice. Vaccination with this organism failed to evoke an effective bactericidal mechanism. Alcohol-killed vaccines of these three Salmonellae all produced an increase in blood clearance rate, but gave only marginal protection against S. enteritidis. Liver and spleen counts on these mice revealed a 1 to 2 day delay before any net increase in the total bacterial population could be observed. Immunization of mice with increasing doses of living Salmonella montevideo resulted in progressively greater killing of a challenge dose of S. enteritidis despite the absence of common somatic antigens between the two strains. The degree of protection varied with the size of the residual population of S. montevideo in the vaccinated mice. The significance of these findings in assessing the importance of various factors involved in the development of acquired resistance to Salmonella infections is discussed.

scholarly journals Pathological Study of Blood Parasites in Rice Field Frogs,Hoplobatrachus rugulosus(Wiegmann, 1834)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achariya Sailasuta ◽  
Jetjun Satetasit ◽  
Malinee Chutmongkonkul
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Visceral Organs ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Thin Blood Smears

One hundred and forty adult rice field frogs,Hoplobatrachus rugulosus(Wiegmann, 1834), were collected in Srakaew province, Thailand. For blood parasite examination, thin blood smears were made and routinely stained with Giemsa. The results showed that 70% of the frogs (98/140) were infected with 5 species of blood parasites, including aTrypanosoma rotatorium-like organism,Trypanosoma chattoni, Hepatozoonsp. a,Hepatozoonsp. b, andLankesterella minima. Pathological examination of the liver, lung, spleen, and kidney of the frogs that were apparently infected with one of these blood parasites were collected and processed by routine histology and subsequently stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Histopathological findings associated with theTrypanosoma rotatorium-like organism andTrypanosoma chattoni-infected frogs showed no pathological lesions.Hepatozoonsp. a andHepatozoonsp. b-infected frogs developed inflammatory lesions predominantly in the liver, demonstrating granuloma-like lesions withHepatozoonsp. meronts at the centre. Tissue sections ofLankesterella minima-infected frogs also showed lesions. Liver and spleen showed inflammatory lesions with an accumulation of melanomacrophage centres (MMCs) surrounding the meronts and merozoites. It is suggested thatHepatozoonsp. a,Hepatozoonsp. b, andLankesterella minima-infections are capable of producing inflammatory lesions in the visceral organs of rice field frogs, and the severity of lesions is tentatively related to levels of parasitemia.

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