scholarly journals Seroprevalence and pathology of naturally infected Salmonellosis in poultry with isolation and identification of causal agents

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKM Ahmed ◽  
MT Islam ◽  
MG Haider ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Dead Bird ◽  
Focal Necrosis ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Leukocytic Infiltration ◽  
Egg Follicles

The present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Salmonella infections in poultry. This study covered cultural prevalence with isolation and identification of the causal agent and pathological lesions in different organs produced by Salmonella in layer farms of Mymensingh district during July-December 2007. The materials were blood samples, liver and cloacal swabs from live and dead birds. The used methods were whole blood agglutination test by commercially available Salmonella antigen kit, culture in different media, Gram's staining, motility test, basic 5 sugar fermentation test and histopathology. The overall seroprevalence was 45.9% in live bird and the rate of seroprevalence decreased with advancement of age of birds. The cultural prevalence in seropositive group was 71% and in seronegative group was 59%. In dead bird, the cultural prevalence in liver was 64% and from cloaca 57%. A total 160 isolates were characterized, among them 64.2% were Salmonella Pullorum, 22.3% were Salmonella Gallinarum and 13.5% were Paratyphoid group of Salmonellae. Pathologically friable, bronze color liver with focal necrosis, various grades of enteritis, and hemorrhagic and congested egg follicles with stalk formation were found. Microscopically, focal necrosis and degeneration with leukocytic infiltration in liver, inflammatory cells in the mucosa and submucosa of intestine were found. In egg follicles, congestion and hemorrhages with leukocytic infiltration were found. The isolated Salmonella organisms may be used for further research such as serotyping, vaccine production and antibiotic sensitivity test. Keywords: Salmonellosis; Seroprevalence; Agglutination test; Histopathology; Poultry DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v6i2.4830 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 6(2): 327-334, 2008

scholarly journals Prevalence of Salmonella infection in naturally infected layer of birds in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Rahman ◽  
ABM Shahinuzzaman ◽  
AK Saha ◽  
MA Sufian ◽  
MH Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cloacal Swab ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Leukocytic Infiltration ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Salmonella Pullorum ◽  
Egg Follicles

The seroprevalence, cultural prevalence and pathological study of Salmonella infections in chickens of selected layer farms of Birgonj Upazila (Sub-district), Dinajpur were determined. A total of 175 blood samples were tested randomly by locally prepared Salmonella coloured antigen for seroprevalence study. Out of 96 cloacal swabs, 80 samples from live birds (36 from seropositive and 44 from seronegative) and 16 samples from dead birds were collected to determine the cultural prevalence of Salmonella organisms. Postmortem examination was done in 16 dead birds. Using whole blood agglutination test (WBA) with locally prepared Salmonella Pullorum coloured antigen, the overall seropositive prevalence was 46.2%. The seroprevalence decreased with age of birds. The cultural prevalence in seropositive was 33.3% and in seronegative 22.7%. In dead birds, the cultural prevalence using cloacal swab was 25%. A total 26 Salmonella were isolated, 27% Salmonella Pullorum, 58% Salmonella Gallinarum and 15% paratyphoid group of Salmonella. Isolation rate of Salmonella from cloacal swabs was significantly higher in seropositive than seronegative group. Grossly, the livers were friable, with bronze discolouration and necrotic foci, there was severe congestion in the lung, congested haemorrhagic egg follicles with stalk formation and enlarged discoloured spleen. Microscopically, there was focal necrosis and degeneration with leukocytic infiltration in liver, congestion and pneumonic lesions in the lung and various degrees of catarrhal to haemorrhagic enteritis in the intestine. In the egg follicles, congestion and haemorrhage with leukocytic infiltration and enlarged spleen with white necrotic foci were detected. In future, isolated Salmonella organisms may be used for vaccine production, serotyping and antibiotic sensitivity test. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v28i1.8809   Bangl. vet. 2011. Vol. 28, No. 1, 8-18

scholarly journals Salmonellosis in layer chickens: pathological features and isolation of bacteria from ovaries and inner content of laid eggs

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K Saha ◽  
M A Sufian ◽  
M I Hossain ◽  
M M Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Dead Layer ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Visceral Organs ◽  
Leukocytic Infiltration ◽  
Salmonella Pullorum ◽  
Egg Follicles

We isolated and identified Salmonella organisms from ovaries of dead layer birds and from inner content of laid eggs of different poultry farms. The thirty eight ovarian swabs for bacteriology, visceral organs (liver, lung, spleen, egg follicles and intestine) of 38 dead birds for pathological study from 15 layer farms and 45 laid eggs (5 eggs/farm) from reported 9 Salmonella infected farms constituted samples of the study. Samples were subjected to isolation and identification of the causal agent followed by gross and histopathological study of the affected visceral organs. Seventeen of 38 ovarian swabs (44.7%) were Salmonella positive. The percentage of Salmonella Gallinarum, Salmonella Pullorum and paratyphoid causing Salmonella were 70.6%, 17.6% & 11.8%, respectively. About 53% livers of Salmonella affected birds were enlarged, congested, friable and bronze coloured with white necrotic foci. About 59% egg follicles were congested, hemorrhagic, discoloured with stalk formation and 70.6% intestines showed hemorrhagic to catarrhal enteritis. At histopathology, 76.5% livers were congested with formation of multifocal nodules and 82.4% egg follicles were congested with huge leukocytic infiltration. Infiltration of heterophils in intestinal mucosa was found in 47.1% cases. Four Salmonella isolates were found from 9 laid egg samples (5 eggs content comprised as 1 sample) and isolation rate was 44.4% reporting transovarian transmission in poultry Salmonellosis.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12095   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 61–67, 2012  

Pathology of Pullorum Disease and Molecular Characterization of Its Pthogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
J Alam ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MAHNA Khan ◽  
MG Haider
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Focal Necrosis ◽  
Salmonella Pullorum

This experiment was conducted to determine the pathology of pullorum disease of chickens and molecular identification of its pathogen. A total of 108 samples, including swabs from different organs were collected from different commercial layer farms of Gazipur district. The histopathological samples were collected in 10% formalin and the swabs were collected in tetrathionate broth. Samples were subjected to isolation and identification of the causal agent followed by gross and histopathological study of the affected visceral organs. Fifty eight out of 108 cloacal swabs (53.7%) were Salmonella positive. The percentage of Salmonella positive in liver swabs, spleen swabs, lung swabs and intestinal swabs from dead birds were 55.88%, 32.35%, 35.29% and 47.05%, respectively. On average, 52.94% livers of Salmonella affected birds were enlarged, congested and hemorrhagic and necrotic foci was present in 32.35% liver. Unabsorbed and coagulated yolk was found in 70.58% cases. From these 38.24% spleens were swollen and congested and 44.12 % kidneys were enlarged. At histopathology, 52.94% livers showed congestion, focal necrosis with multifocal infiltration of histiocytes in liver parenchyma. Focal necrosis and inflammatory cells were found in 70.58% spleen. Infiltration of heterophils in intestinal mucosa was found in 47.05% cases. 20.58% (7 out of 34) samples were PCR positive for Salmonella Pullorum organism. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2019) 23(1) : 25-35

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and pathological study of Salmonella infections in layer chickens and isolation and identification of causal agents

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Islam ◽  
MG Haider ◽  
EH Chowdhury ◽  
M Kamruzzaman ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Muscularis Mucosa ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Focal Necrosis ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Layer Chickens

The present research work was conducted to study about the seroprevalence and pathology of Salmonella infections in layer chickens of Dhaka and Gazipur regions of Bangladesh and to isolate and characterize Salmonellae from layer chickens during the period from January to May 2006. The used materials were blood sample, cloacal and liver swabs from live and dead birds respectively, and visceral organs (liver, lungs, spleen and intestine). The used methods were serum plate agglutination (SPA) test; necropsy and histopathology; cultural, morphological and biochemical test. The overall seroprevalence was 43.4%. During necropsy, congested and enlarged liver with focal necrosis, haemorrhagic and discoloured ovary with stalk formation and mild haemorrhagic to catarrhal enteritis in intestine were detected. Microscopically, the liver showed congestion, focal necrosis with multifocal infiltration of histiocytes in liver parenchyma. In ovum, infiltration of leukocytes, bacterial colony, RE cell proliferation and fibrinoid necrosis were recorded. The intestinal mucosa exhibited infiltration of mononuclear cells in mucosa, submucosa as well as muscularis mucosa. A total of 33 (21.02%) Salmonellae from live and dead birds were isolated. The isolation rate of Salmonellae was higher in seronegative (31.6%) group than seropositive (3.2%) group. Out of 33 Salmonella isolates, 25 were S. pullorum, 3 were S. gallinarum and the rest 5 were motile Salmonellae. The isolates obtained in the study may be investigated for serotyping, pathogenesis study, antibiogram and vaccine production in future. Key words: Seroprevalence, histopathology, isolation, identification, Salmonella, chickensDOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v4i2.1288Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (2): 79–85

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of salmonellosis in layer chickens with isolation, identification and antibiogram study of their causal agents

1970 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
MR Akter ◽  
KA Choudhury ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Layer Chickens ◽  
Therapeutic Possibilities

Salmonellosis is a common problem in poultry farms of our country. Indiscriminate use of antibiotic to control the disease results drug resistance and limits the therapeutic possibilities in the treatment of the disease. This study was conducted during the period from January to May 2006 at Gobindapur of Dinajpur district. The present study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of salmonellosis in layer flocks and antibiogram study following isolation of Salmonellae. A total of 225 Star cross 579 brown chickens were studied with rapid serum plate agglutination test. Liver of 200 dead birds was studied for isolation and identification of Salmonellae. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test of isolated Salmonellae was performed with commercial sensitivity discs. The overall seroprevalence was recorded 23.11%. The prevalence was varied from age to age. The highest rate was 28% in above 20 weeks of age. The antibiogram study revealed that the isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (80%), nitrofurantoin (100%), sulphamethoxazole/ trimeoprim and amoxycillin (50%), tetracycline (60%) but resistant to penicillin-G and erythromycin. Further studies should be conducted on serotyping of the isolated Salmonellae, isolation and identification of Salmonellae from different feed and environmental sample. Key words: Salmonellosis, seroprevalence, antibiogram, layer chickens DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v5i1.1307 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2007). 5 (1 & 2): 39-42

scholarly journals Avian Salmonella Infection: Isolation and Identification of Organisms and Histopathological Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Hossain ◽  
EH Chowdhury ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
MG Haider ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Focal Necrosis ◽  
Fowl Typhoid

The Present study was performed in the Department of Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh during the period from January to December 2004. The study was conducted to determine the occurrence and pathology of pullorum disease, fowl typhoid and salmonellosis (paratyphoid infection) in dead chickens at necropsy in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. A total of 70 samples (liver, ovary and intestine) were collected for isolation of bacteria in different media, and identification was performed based on the staining, cultural and biochemical properties of Salmonella spp. Routine histopathological method was used for the detection of tissue level alterations in Salmonella infected cases. Grossly, in all the infected cases the liver was enlarged and congested and in few cases, liver discoloration with focal necrosis. Old raised hemorrhages in the caecal tonsil and congested deformed ova were other important findings. There was catarrhal inflammation in the intestine. Microscopically, the section of livers showed congestion, hemorrhages, focal necrosis with infiltration of mononuclear cells. The pulmonary lesions consisted of sero-fibrinous exudation with mononuclear cell infiltration. The intestinal mucosa exhibited congestion, hemorrhages and infiltration of plasma cells, heterophils and macrophages. Out of 70 samples, 8 isolates were identified as Salmonella (11.42 %). Of them, five isolates were identified as Salmonella gallinarum, causative agent of fowl typhoid, one isolate was characterized as Salmonella pullorum, causative agent of pullorum disease and other two motile salmonella were identified as paratyphoid infection. Keywords: Fowl typhoid, pullorum disease, paratyphoid, histopathology, isolation, identification doi:10.3329/bjvm.v4i1.1518 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (1): 07-12

scholarly journals Analysis of River Water Along Klang Valley to Evaluate the Prevalence of Antibiotics Resistant Strains within Urbanized Areas of Selangor, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Klang Valley

The determination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Klang river water in Klang valley is performed as the river exposed to various environments. The analysis is performed through enumeration, isolation, and identification process. The water samples were obtained from the origin of the river, housing region, and hospital region. The coliforms obtained through enumeration and identification was then used to determine antibiotic sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). The level of coliforms was indicated through the most probable number (MPN), which 70 MPN per 100 ml of river water in the origin of the river while housing and hospital regions showed more than 1600 MPN per 100 ml of river water. The results obtained from the antibiotic sensitivity test showed that the degree of resistance of coliforms is varied in different regions. The zone of inhibition to ampicillin and tetracyclin for coliforms in housing regions is 20 mm, while the coliforms in the hospital region are 6 mm and 7 mm, respectively. The overall results showed that the level of coliforms and the antibiotic sensitivity of coliforms are different in various regions. The coliforms in the hospital region are more resistant to antibiotics compared to the housing region.

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation by Uropathogens and Their Susceptibility Towards Antimicrobial Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Prakash Bhatta ◽  
Asmita Sapkota ◽  
Pushpa Subedi ◽  
Sunita Baniya Chhetri ◽  
Dhaka Raj Pant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Exopolymeric Substances ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Health Care Associated Infection ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common health care associated infection caused by various pathogenic bacteria. Biofilms are communities of bacteria that are held together by exopolymeric substances that protect against the antimicrobial therapy and other environmental assaults. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of biofilm forming bacteria in Nepalese population and to study the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among biofilm producing bacteria in comparison to non-biofilm producing bacteria. Methods: A total of 785 clean-caught-mid-stream urine samples were collected. After isolation and identification of uropathogens, they were further processed for detection of biofilm formation by two methods (Congo Red Agar method and Tissue Culture Plate method) as well as for antibiotic sensitivity test. Results: Out of total collected samples, 12.74% were found to be associated with UTI, among them 67% were Escherichia coli, 10% were Klebsiella spp, 7% were Pseudomonas spp, 6% were Staphyloccous aureus, 4% were Enterobacter spp, 3% were Proteus spp, 2% were Citrobacter spp and remaining 1% was Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Among isolated organisms, the ratio of bioflim positive organism to bioflim negative organism was found to be 9:11. Nitrofurantoin, Tobramycin, Chloramphenicol, Amikacin and Imipenem were found to be significantly more sensitive in biofilm negative bacteria as compared to biofilm positive bacteria with p values of 0.000, 0.001, 0.000, 0.000 and 0.001. Conclusions: The prevalence rate of multidrug resistance in bacterial uropathogens was higher in biofilm producers as compared to non-biofilm producers. Biofilm forming characteristic of bacteria make them more resistant to antibiotics.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MICROFLORA FROM APPARENTLY HEALTHY CAGED PARROTS OF DHAKA ZOO OF BANGLADESH

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 05-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Akhter ◽  
MT Hossain ◽  
MT Islam ◽  
MP Siddique ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The research work was conducted to isolate and identify the microflora from apparently healthy caged parrots. A total of 45 samples (oral swabs, cloacal swabs and feces) were collected from five types of caged parrots (Gray cockatiels, Rose ringed parakeet, Alexandriane parakeet, Red breast parakeet and Blossom headed parakeet) of Dhaka Zoo during the period from April to August 2009. The samples were cultured on different bacteriological media and the bacteria were identified by their cultural and biochemical properties. All the isolates were allowed for antibiogram study. The bacteria isolated in this study from different types of caged parrots were E. coli (64.44%), Salmonella spp. (46.67%), Staphylococcus spp. (46.67%), Pasteurella spp. (33.33%), Proteus spp. (6.67%) and some unidentified Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Of these isolates, E. coli was the most frequent isolate. The frequency of Gram-negative bacteria was higher in this study. The percentage of bacterial isolates recovered from each type of parrots was almost similar. Irrespective of types of parrots, the higher percentage of different bacteria was isolated from cloacal swab (77.78%) followed by feces (75.56%). The 68.89% isolates were recovered from oral swab. All the suspected isolates of Salmonella spp. were confirmed by slide agglutination test using Salmonella polyvalent ‘O’ antiserum. Among the 21 Salmonella spp. isolated in this study, 4 (19.05%) isolates were identified as S. Pullorum when tested with specific antisera against S. Pullorum. The results of antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed that ampicillin and amoxicillin were completely resistant to E. coli and Pasteurella spp.; ampicillin to Proteus spp.; and furazolidone to Salmonella spp. and Pasteurella spp. However, the antibiotics of fluoroquinolone group such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and enrofloxacin showed moderate to high sensitivity against almost all the bacterial isolates. Of these, ciprofloxacin was found to be consistently highly sensitive to all the bacterial isolates. DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v8i1.8349 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(1): 05-10

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