scholarly journals Influence of Irrigation, Fertilizer and Variety on Grain Growth of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
MSI Mollah ◽  
NK Paul
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Relative Growth

An experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Rajshahi University Campus (AEZ-11) to study the influence of soil moisture and NPK fertilizers on grain growth of four varieties of barley (Hordeum velgare L.). Spikelet number (SN), spike dry weight (SDW), grain number (GN), grain dry weight (GDW), spike relative growth rate (spike RGR) and grain relative growth rate (grain RGR) were observed highest in the highest level of irrigation (40 mm). The highest amount of fertilizer (120N 75P 45K) produced the highest SN, SDW, GN, GDW, spike RGR and grain RGR. BHL-3 produced the highest SN, BARI Barley -2 produced the highest spike RGR, BARI Barley -1 produced the highest grain RGR and BL-1 produced the highest SDW, GN, and GDW. Key words: Irrigation, soil moisture, fertilizers, barley, grain growth.   doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2205 J. bio-sci. 15: 69-75, 2007

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Moisture, NPK Fertilizers and Varieties on Grain Growth of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
MSI Mollah ◽  
MH Rashid ◽  
MS Hossain ◽  
M Khalekuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Spikelet Number ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Relative Growth

The experiments are conducted in the experimental field of the Department of Botany, Rajshahi University during the winter season of 2005-2006 to study the effects of soil moisture and NPK fertilizers on grain growth of four barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) following split-split plot design. The highest grain growth parameters like, spikelet number, spike dry weight, grain number and grain dry weight, spike relative growth rate and grain relative growth rate were observed in the I2 treatment at different days after anthesis. F3 treatment produced the highest spikelet number, spike dry weight, grain number, grain dry weight, spike relative growth rate and grain relative growth rate but the control produced the lowest values. BHL-3 produced higher spikelet number and grain relative growth rate. BL-1 produced higher spike dry weight, grain number, grain dry weight and spike relative growth rate.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.16985 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 13 - 21, 2008 

Effect of genotype and position in the ear on carpel and grain growth and mature grain weight of spring barley

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Scott ◽  
Margaret Appleyard ◽  
Gwynneth Fellowes ◽  
E. J. M. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Days After Anthesis

SUMMARYGrain growth and final weight per grain were measured in 12 genotypes of spring barley, the parents and progeny of two six-row × two-row crosses. Weight of carpels or grains from node 10 on the main shoot ear was measured from shortly after meiosis until grains were at maximum dry weight. Similar measurements were made at representative node positions along the ear of Proctor and of Midas spring barley cultivars.From about 10 days after anthesis grains grew at a constant rate for about 3 weeks. Amongst genotypes growth rate of the median grain ranged from 1·4 to 2'2 mg/day and there was a very highly significant positive correlation between growth rate and final grain weight. A similar relationship was found among grain positions on the ear. For about 10 days after anthesis growth was exponential and although relative growth rate did not differ between genotypes or grain positions there was a highly significant difference between caryopsis weights during this phase. There were significant correlations between final grain weight and carpel weight at anthesis and between final grain weight and husk weight at anthesis. In the period between meiosis and anthesis growth was exponential and the relative growth rate did not differ between genotypes or node positions on the ear. There were significant differences between carpel weights during this phase. Carpel weight at anthesis and carpel linear dimensions at meiosis were correlated.These data suggest that the initial size of carpel is an important factor in determining growth rate and potential grain weight. Potential grain size in barley may be determined by physical limitations imposed by the lemma and palea or may be causally related to the size of the carpel. The relative size of the carpel is determined by the time of meiosis and potential size may also be affected by pre-anthesis conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of Soil Amendment on the Relative Growth Rate and Net Assimilation Rate of Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna aconitifolia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
E. A. Effa ◽  
A. A. J. Mofunanya ◽  
B. A. Ngele
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Vigna Aconitifolia ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation

Background: Soil pH is one of the most important factors that contribute to crop growth and productivity. The present research was designed to assess the influence of soil amendment using organic manure and agricultural lime on the relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) of Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna aconitifolia grown on soils from different locations. Methodology: The three locations were: Akamkpa, Calabar Municipality and Odukpani. The pH for the three soil locations were 4.0, 7.0 and 9.0, respectively. The treatments were; control (0 g), OM1 (100 g organic manure), OM2 (200 g organic manure), AL1 (100 g agricultural lime), AL2 (200 g agricultural lime), OM1 + AL1 (50 g organic manure + 50 g agricultural lime) and OM2 +AL2 (100 g organic manure and 100 g agricultural lime). Results: Results obtained on the RGR of the leaf dry weight of P. vulgaris treated with OM2 was the highest (0.50 g/wk) followed by OM1 (0.41 g/wk). OM1 + AL1 had the highest RGR of the stem dry weight of P. vulgaris grown on soil from Calabar Municipality. In the RGR of the root dry weight, OM2 had the highest mean value in both plants grown on Akamkpa soil. Results obtained at 4 weeks after planting (WAP) revealed that there was significant (P<0.05) increase in NAR of plants grown on soil from Akamkpa. The highest NAR was obtained for V. aconitifolia treated with OM2 (0.0447 g/wk) followed by OM2 + AL2 (0.0057 g/wk) for both V. aconitifolia and P. vulgaris. P. vulgaris grown on Akamkpa and Odukpani soils treated with AL2 (0.0032 g/wk), OM1 + AL1 (0.0041 g/wk) and OM2+ AL2 (0.0062 g/wk) had the highest NAR at 8 WAP. Conclusion: The RGR and NAR of the two bean varieties were improved following treatments with organic manure and agricultural lime.

Factors Influencing the Rate and Duration of Grain Filling in Wheat

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Sofield ◽  
LT Evans ◽  
MG Cook ◽  
IF Wardlaw
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Leaf Photosynthetic Rate

Controlled-environment conditions were used to examine the effects of cultivar and of temperature and illuminance after anthesis on grain setting and on the duration and rate of grain growth. After an initial lag period, which did not differ greatly between cultivars, grain dry weight increased linearly under most conditions until final grain weight was approached. Growth rate per grain depended on floret position within the ear, varied between cultivars (those with larger grains at maturity having a faster rate), and increased with rise in temperature. With cultivars in which grain number per ear was markedly affected by illuminance, light had relatively little effect on growth rate per grain. With those in which grain number was less affected by illuminance, growth rate per grain was highly responsive to it, especially in the more distal florets. In both cases there was a close relation between leaf photosynthetic rate as influenced by illuminance, the rate of grain growth per ear, and final grain yield per ear. The duration of linear grain growth, on the other hand, was scarcely influenced by illuminance, but was greatly reduced as temperature rose, with pronounced effects on grain yield per ear. Cultivars differed to some extent in their duration of linear growth, but these differences accounted for less of the difference in final weight per grain than did those in rate of grain growth. Under most conditions the cessation of grain growth did not appear to be due to lack of assimilates.

scholarly journals Growth Analysis of Wheat Using Machine Vision: Opportunities and Challenges

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6501
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ajlouni ◽  
Audrey Kruse ◽  
Jorge A. Condori-Apfata ◽  
Maria Valderrama Valencia ◽  
Chris Hoagland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Machine Vision ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Projected Area ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Crop growth analysis is used for the assessment of crop yield potential and stress tolerance. Capturing continuous plant growth has been a goal since the early 20th century; however, this requires a large number of replicates and multiple destructive measurements. The use of machine vision techniques holds promise as a fast, reliable, and non-destructive method to analyze crop growth based on surrogates for plant traits and growth parameters. We used machine vision to infer plant size along with destructive measurements at multiple time points to analyze growth parameters of spring wheat genotypes. We measured side-projected area by machine vision and RGB imaging. Three traits, i.e., biomass (BIO), leaf dry weight (LDW), and leaf area (LA), were measured using low-throughput techniques. However, RGB imaging was used to produce side projected area (SPA) as the high throughput trait. Significant effects of time point and genotype on BIO, LDW, LA, and SPA were observed. SPA was a robust predictor of leaf area, leaf dry weight, and biomass. Relative growth rate estimated using SPA was a robust predictor of the relative growth rate measured using biomass and leaf dry weight. Large numbers of entries can be assessed by this method for genetic mapping projects to produce a continuous growth curve with fewer replicates.

The development of barley grain: comparisons between cultivars for growth rate and α-amylase activity

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Riggs ◽  
P. G. Gothard
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Days After Anthesis

SummaryGrains from ears of known anthesis time in seven spring barley cultivars were measured for dry weight and α-amylase activity at regular intervals during grain maturation. During the period 10–31 days after anthesis, dry weight increase of the grain was found to be substantially linear in all the cultivars. Comparisons between linear slopes fitted for this phase of growth were found to provide an objective means of comparing grain growth rates in different cultivars.α-Amylase activity per grain reached a peak in all except one cultivar at between 10 and 16 days after anthesis but declined rapidly during the linear phase of grain growth. α-Amylase activity per gram grain dry weight decreased exponentially during this period and transformation of the data to logarithms allowed a substantially linear fit to be made. Slopes for each of the cultivars were compared.Differences were found between cultivars in grain growth rates, total α-amylase activity and rates of fall of α-amylase activity per gram for the period 10–31 days after anthesis. No relationship could be found between grain growth rate and either the absolute level of α-amylase activity achieved in the grain or the rate of fall in activity during development.

Phosphorus efficiency in pasture species. I. Measures based on total dry weight and P content

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Chisholm ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Internal Efficiency ◽  
Better Than

Two solution culture experiments were conducted to compare the efficiency of phosphorus use and indicies for measuring it in a tropical and a temperate pasture legume. The species chosen were Stylosanthes hamata cv. 'Verano' (Caribbean stylo) and Trifolium repens cv. 'Ladino' (white clover).The first experiment used two solution P concentrations (2, 16 8M) to investigate differences between species in the rate and extent of P uptake. The second experiment used five solution P concentrations (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 8M ) to evaluate differences between species in internal efficiency of P utilization.There was no difference between white clover and stylo in the capacity to remove P from the same solution P concentrations. However, in both species the extent of depletion of solutions by plants grown at high P was not as great as that plants grown at low P. The ranking of species in terms of their internal efficiency or relative growth rate changed with time and P concentrations.Growth of white clover was better than stylo where there was a moderate deficiency of phosphorus. Alternatively, growth of stylo was better than white clover where phosphorus deficiency was more severe. The relative growth rate of stylo at low (2 8M ) P was maintained above 8% per day after prolonged P stress, whilst in white clover at the same P concentration RGR fell to less than 2% per day.Internal P efficiency or the amount of dry matter accumulated per unit P accumulated per unit time showed that white clover was more P efficient than stylo in the early stages of growth.

scholarly journals Grain growth and yield of whea under different irrigation regimes

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
SA Haider ◽  
MZ Alam ◽  
NK Paul
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Key Words Wheat ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Condition C

A field experiment was carried out to study the influence of different irrigation regimes on the panicle and grain growth, relative growth rate of grain, grain abortion, yield and some yield components of four wheat varieties in two growing seasons. Irrigation regimes had significant effects on the aforesaid parameters and the varieties were found to be more efficient under well irrigated conditions. A drastic reduction in panicle and grain growth and yield and increase in grain abortion was noticed when the varieties were grown under rainfed condition. C 306 was found to be the most efficient to have higher values of panicle and grain growth, relative grain growth rate and yield under all the irrigation regimes in both the growing seasons. Key words: Wheat; irrigation; relative growth rate; grain abortion DOI: 10.3329/jles.v2i2.7495 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 2(2) 35-41, 2007

Relative growth rate and biomass allocation of paper birch (Betula papyrifera) populations under different soil moisture and nutrient regimes

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian R Wang ◽  
C DB Hawkins ◽  
Tony Letchford
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Paper Birch

Seedlings of four geographically diverse paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) populations native to British Columbia were grown under low and high levels of water and nitrogen in a greenhouse for 3 months to examine the relative sensitivity of each population to water and nutrient availability. Nine sequential measurements on height and basal diameter growth were made, and then the seedlings were harvested for final biomass measurements. Under optimal conditions the highest elevation population ceased height growth, while the low-elevation coastal population continued to increase in height under all treatment conditions. Plants of all populations grown under high N conditions grew faster and had larger total biomass and lower root/shoot ratios than plants grown under low N conditions. Relative growth rate was significantly correlated with shoot and foliage biomass, leaf area, and root weight ratio. All populations generally responded more to low N level than to low moisture level in terms of height growth, relative growth rate, total biomass, and root/shoot ratio. This suggests that the populations observed in this study are better adapted to drought than poor soil nutrient availability. Therefore, consideration of site quality, which includes soil moisture regime and soil nutrient regime, should be a primary concern when allocating birch seed lots in a planting program.

scholarly journals Biomass Accumulation in the Fern Asplenium nidus avis (L) under Root Restriction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. Pagani ◽  
J. Molinari ◽  
E. Giardina ◽  
A. Di Benedetto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Asplenium Nidus

Pot ornamental plant productivity is related to the environmental growth facilities but negatively affected by the pot root restriction syndrome. Most ferns showed a lower relative growth rate and long production cycles (24 months or more) for which growers use small pots to increase yield per unit area of greenhouse. The aim of this work was to analyze growth changes in response to different pot volume in plants of A. nidus avis spore-propagated under the hypothesis that it would play a role as an abiotic stress which decrease commercial productivity. Our results showed that the use of big pots increased fresh and dry weight and frond area (the main aesthetic trait). When growth parameters were performed, a higher the frond appearance rate (RLA), the frond area expansion (RLAE) and the frond thickness (SLA) were found in 1500 cm3 pot as well as the relative growth rate (RGR) and the net assimilation rate. The use of biggest pot for fern cropping stimulated biomass accumulation through a higher capacity to initiate and expand fronds, to increase photosynthetic rates and change photo assimilate partitioning which favor shoots. From the grower´s point of view, our results suggested that higher yields of A. nidus avis fern would be reached decreasing root restriction, that is, to use the biggest pot volume from the early transplant from plug trays.

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