scholarly journals Effect of adult feeding on progeny production and sex ratio of Dinarmus basalis (Rond.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
MJ Haque ◽  
W Islam
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Storage Pests ◽  
Food Regimes ◽  
Dinarmus Basalis ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Adult Feeding

Context: Dinarmus basalis (Rond.) is a larval-pupal ectoparasitoid of the pulse beetles, Callosobruchus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). This parasitoid could be used in suppressing the pulse beetle populations in stored conditions. Objective: To observe the influence of different food supplements on the progeny production and sex ratio of D. basalis when exposed to the pulse beetles separately. Materials and Methods: Mated females of D. basalis were introduced into separate Petri dishes (9.5 cm diam) containing 50 mature mung seeds infested with C. chinensis and C. maculatus. The parasitoids were provided with host and honey, host and sugarcane, host and egg yolk, host and yeast and host and agar, and host without food individually. After 24 h, the parasitized larvae with seeds were changed and the female parasitoids were provided with foods daily until adults died. After emergence total number of hosts and parasitoids were counted. The sex ratio of D. basalis were also calculated and their chi-squared tests were made. Results: The mean number of progeny production of D. basalis on C. maculatus-infested blackgram was significantly greater than those reared on C. chinensis-infested mug in all food regimes (Table 1). The progeny production on two host beetles differed significantly in relation to different foods (F= 4.85, P<0.01. C. chinensis; F= 38.34, P<0.01, C. maculatus). The most effective food supplement was honey, which enhanced offspring production of D. basalis on both the hosts, and egg yolk was the least effective. The percentage of progeny was more or less female-biased in all the treatments except the control. Conclusion: Food supplementation of D. basalis will significantly increase the efficiency of the parasitoid against storage pests including the pulse beetles. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.13004 J. bio-sci. 19 77-80, 2011

EFFECTS OF ADULT NUTRITION ON LONGEVITY, FECUNDITY, AND OFFSPRING SEX RATIO OF TRICHOGRAMMA MINUTUM RILEY (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE)

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Leatemia ◽  
J.E. Laing ◽  
J.E. Corrigan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Offspring Sex Ratio ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
Trichogramma Minutum ◽  
Potential Benefits

AbstractThe role of adult nutrition in longevity, progeny production, and offspring sex ratio of Trichogramma minutum Riley was examined. On average, honey-fed females lived 26.4 days and produced 260 offspring; unfed females lived 3.5 days and produced 80 offspring. Feeding on fructose or sucrose also significantly increased longevity and fecundity over unfed females (fructose, 23 days and 230 offspring; sucrose, 21 days and 230 offspring) but to a lesser degree than feeding on pure honey. Females fed yeast suspension or water had no significant increases in longevity or fecundity compared to unfed females. Offspring sex ratios of long-lived females were male-biased (50–62% males), those of short-lived females were female-biased (74–82% females). Lifetime reproduction of honey-fed females was highest at 20–25 °C and relative humidities of 20–80%, but short-term offspring production (during the first 2 days after emergence) was highest at 30 °C and 60–80% RH. Females that had access to honey for only a 24-h period did not increase their offspring production over the first 4 days of their lives when compared to unfed females. The potential benefits of feeding adult T. minutum for mass-rearing and field release are discussed.

Cost/benefit of synbiotics in acute infectious gastroenteritis: spend to save

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Vandenplas ◽  
S. De Hert
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Concomitant Medication ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Ambulatory Treatment ◽  
Infectious Gastroenteritis ◽  
The Cost

The cost/benefit ratio of probiotics in the ambulatory treatment of acute infectious gastro-enteritis with or without a synbiotic food supplement (containing fructo-oligosaccharides and probiotic strains of Streptoccoccus thermophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium infantis) has been studied. 111 children (median age 37 and 43 months for the synbiotic and placebo group, respectively) with acute infectious gastroenteritis were included in a randomised, prospective placebo-controlled trial performed in primary health care. All children were treated with an oral rehydration solution and with the synbiotic food supplement (n=57) or placebo (n=54). Physicians were allowed to prescribe additional medication according to what they considered as ‘necessary’. Cost of add-on medication and total healthcare cost were calculated. Median duration of diarrhoea was 1 day shorter (95% confidence interval -0.6 to -1.9 days) in the symbiotic than in the placebo group (P<0.005). Significantly more concomitant medication (antibiotics, antipyretics, antiemetics) was prescribed in the placebo group (39 prescriptions in 28 patients) compared to the synbiotic group (12 prescriptions in 7 patients) (P<0.001). The difference was most striking for antiemetics: 28 vs. 5 prescriptions. The cost of add-on medication in the placebo group was evaluated at € 4.04/patient (median 4.97 (interquartile (IQ) 25-75: 0-4.97)) vs. € 1.13 /patient in the synbiotic arm (P<0.001). If the cost of the synbiotic is considered, median cost raised to € 7.15/patient (IQ 25-75: 7.15-7.15) (P<0.001). The extra consultations needed to prescribe the concomitant medication resulted in a higher health care cost in the placebo group (€ 14.41 vs. € 10.74/patient, P<0.001). Synbiotic food supplementation resulted in a 24 h earlier normalisation of stool consistency. Although use of the synbiotic supplementation increased cost, add-on medication and extra consultations were reduced, resulting in a reduction of health care cost of 25%.

scholarly journals Penetrance of symbiont-mediated parthenogenesis is driven by reproductive rate in a parasitoid wasp

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia R.I. Lindsey ◽  
Richard Stouthamer
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Total Fecundity

Trichogramma wasps are tiny parasitoids of lepidopteran eggs, used extensively for biological control. They are often infected with the bacterial symbiont Wolbachia, which converts Trichogramma to an asexual mode of reproduction, whereby females develop from unfertilized eggs. However, this Wolbachia-induced parthenogenesis is not always complete, and previous studies have noted that infected females will produce occasional males in the lab. The conditions that reduce penetrance of the parthenogenesis phenotype are not well understood. We hypothesized that more ecologically relevant conditions of limited host access will sustain female-biased sex ratios. After restricting access to host eggs, we found a strong relationship between reproductive rate and sex ratio. By limiting reproduction to one hour a day, wasps could sustain up to 100% effective parthenogenesis for one week, with no significant impact on total fecundity. Reproductive output in the first 24-hours appears to be critical to the total sex ratio of the entire brood. Limiting oviposition in that period resulted in more effective parthenogenesis after one week, again without any significant impact on total fecundity. Our data suggest that this phenomenon may be due to the depletion of Wolbachia when oviposition occurs continuously, whereas Wolbachia titers may recover when offspring production is limited. In addition to the potential to improve mass rearing of Trichogramma for biological control, findings from this study help elucidate the context-dependent nature of a pervasive symbiotic relationship.

scholarly journals Effects of host and foundress density on reproductive strategy of Diaeretiella rapae

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 294-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kant ◽  
M.A. Minor ◽  
S.A. Trewick ◽  
W.R.M. Sandanayaka
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Total Parasitism

The reproductive fitness of a parasitoid depends on the oviposition decisions of a female in response to competition The present study investigated the oviposition and sex ratio of offspring produced by the parasitic wasp Diaeretiella rapae while competing with other conspecific females and at different host densities The number of Brevicoryne brassicae nymphs parasitised by female D rapae increased with the number of nymphs offered to them However the proportion of nymphs parasitised by the female decreased when nymph density was high The proportion of fertilised eggs oviposited by females decreased when nymph density increased An increase in the number of foundresses (females ovpositing together) increased the total parasitism but the contribution of each female (the number of nymphs each female parasitised) decreased Smaller proportions of female offspring were produced when females were competing for the same hosts The results of this study suggest that both host and foundress densities asymmetrically affect progeny production and sex allocation in this species

Liver Damage Produced by Malnutrition is Improved by Dietary Supplementation in Mice: Assessment of a Supplement based on Buriti (a Cerrado Fruit) and Dairy by-Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Handyara Bicalho ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro do Santos ◽  
Daniele Cristina Moreira ◽  
Luis Paulo Oliveira ◽  
Amanda Souto Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

Background: Malnutrition induced by dietary restriction produces several metabolic changes that affect body weight, the digestive system, and annex organs, including the liver. Malnutrition generates a pro-inflammatory state and increases oxidative stress. The liver is one of the vital organs of our body, so it is necessary to analyze the impact of food supplementation on the repair of possible changes that may occur in this organ due to malnutrition. Aims: To evaluate the effects of an inexpensive supplementation derived from Buriti and dairy by-products on liver recovery in malnourished mice, focusing on the expression of oxidative stress-related genes, as well as biochemical and histological parameters. Methods: Swiss mice were divided into six groups and submitted to two treatment phases: food restriction, for malnutrition onset; and renutrition, with mice being fed different diets. Results: Our results indicate that dietary supplementation was successful in recovering liver damage caused by malnutrition in animal models. The new supplement has been shown to recover liver damage with similar or superior results compared to the commercial reference supplement on the market. Conclusion: Our work presents a new composition of low cost food supplement based on buriti and milk derivatives, tested and proven to be effective in the treatment of malnutritvion. The improvements were proven through the recovery of body weight, reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress.

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