scholarly journals Gross Morphological Variation of Luminal Diameter of the Trachea in Different Age and Sex Groups of Bangladeshi Cadavers

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
Nadia Nawshin ◽  
Abdullah Al Foysal ◽  
Effat Zerin Epsi ◽  
Zubayer Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Tracheobronchial Tree ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Luminal Diameter ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: The tracheobronchial tree is a branched distribution system that carries air from the trachea down to the acini which are the gas exchange units of the lung. In the trachea air speed is high and the airway is particularly vulnerable to obstruction by foreign bodies and tumors. The study of the morphological variations of luminal diameter of the trachea is of profound clinical importance as it may help the clinicians for smooth conduction of some maneuvers like endotracheal intubation and bronchoscopic procedure. It also helps the surgeons to deal with resection and reconstruction of the trachea.Objective: The present study was carried out to establish a Bangladeshi standard regarding the luminal diameter of the trachea and to minimize the dependency on foreign standards.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was performed on 70 post mortem human trachea (44 male and 26 female) to find out the difference in luminal diameter of the trachea of Bangledeshi people in relation to age and sex. The specimens were collected from the morgue in the department of Forensic Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh by purposive sampling technique. All specimens were grouped into three groups according to age ? Group A, B and C. Dissection was performed according to standard autopsy techniques. The trachea was cut horizontally through the upper border of the 5th tracheal ring and the luminal diameter was measured. The average diameter was expressed in centimeter. All data were recorded in the predesigned data sheet and statistical analysis was done using computer based statistical package, SPSS to evaluate the significance of variance between the different findings.Results: In the present study the maximum luminal diameter of the trachea was 1.65 in Group A, 2.05 in Group B and 1.85 cm in Group C. The minimum luminal diameter of the trachea was 0.7 cm in Group A, 0.85 cm in Group B and in Group C 0.85 cm. The mean (±SD) luminal diameter of the trachea was 1.24 ± 0.3, 1.39 ± 0.3 and 1.29 ± 0.23 cm in Group A, B and C respectively. The maximum mean luminal diameter of the trachea was in Group B (1.39 cm) and minimum was in Group A (1.24 cm). The mean difference of luminal diameter of the trachea between groups was statistically non significant at p>0.5 level. The maximum mean (±SD) luminal diameter of the trachea was 1.50 ± 0.3 cm in male in Group B and minimum mean (±SD) luminal diameter of the trachea was 1.17 ± 0.26 cm in female in Group C. The mean luminal diameter of the male trachea was found to be greater than that of the female trachea among the age group. Mean difference between sexes in Group B was statistically highly significant at p<0.001 level but not significant in Group A and C.Conclusions: The study would help to increase the information pool on the luminal diameter of the trachea of Bangladeshi people.J Enam Med Col 2017; 7(3): 146-150

scholarly journals Histological study of proportion of cortex and medulla of the ovary in Bangladeshi women

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Hosna Ara Perven ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Dilruba Siddiqua ◽  
Fatema Johora ◽  
Halima Afroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

This cross sectional, descriptive study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January to December 2009, to determine the proportion of cortex and medulla of the ovary in di_erent age group of Bangladeshi women. This study was based on collection of 140 ovaries of 70 unclaimed female dead bodies from the morgue of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age-groups including A (10-13 years), B (14-45 years) & C (46-52 years). Histological slides were prepared by using routine haematoxylin and eosin stain. Ten best prepared histological slides from each age group were examined to determine the thickness of the cortex and medulla & proportion of the thickness of the cortex and the medulla of the ovary were expressed in percentages. The mean proportion of the cortex and the medulla of the right ovary were found 80.83±0.58% and 19.17±0.58% in group A, 86.95±1.14% and 13.05±1.14% in group B, 70.53±1.53% and 29.47±1.53% in group C respectively. The mean proportion of the cortex and the medulla of the left ovary were found 80.63±0.58% and 19.37±0.58% in group A, 86.78±1.14% and 13.22±1.14% in group B, 70.41±1.50% and 29.59±1.50% in group C respectively. The difference in mean proportion of the cortex and the medulla was not signi_cant in between the ovaries. However, the difference in mean proportion of the cortex and the medulla of the ovary between group A & group B, group A & group C and group B & group C were statistically significant.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 Jan; 44 (1): 8-10

scholarly journals Transverse Diameter of Cerebellum: Is There Any Age and Sex Related Change Among Bangladeshi People

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Nahida Sultana ◽  
Md Manzurul Karim Khan ◽  
AQM Ataul Haque ◽  
Farhana Ferdaus ◽  
Sharmin Akter Sumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Median Plane ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Cerebellum is ovoid in shape, but is constricted in the median plane, flattened from above downwards and widest from side to side. The cerebellum occupies the posterior cranial fossa, where it is covered by the tentorium cerebelli and lies behind the fourth ventricle, the pons and the medulla oblongata. Objective: The study was done to assess the transverse diameter of cerebellum in relation with age and sex in Bangladeshi people. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was performed on 60 (32 of male and 28 of female) postmortem. The specimens were collected from morgue in the department of Forensic Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College by purposive sampling technique. All the specimens were grouped into four categories: group A (20 to 29 years), group B (30 to 39 years), group C (40 to 49 years), group D (50 to 59 years). Dissection was performed according to standard autopsy techniques. Transverse diameter of cerebellum was measured with the help of slide caliper. For statistical analysis, differences between age groups were analyzed by using unpaired student't' test. Results: The mean (±SD) transverse diameter of cerebellum was 10.53 ± 0.55 cm in group A, 10.09 ± 0.51 cm in group B, 10.03 ± 0.44 cm in group C, 9.72 ± 0.40 cm in group D. The mean differences of the transverse diameter of cerebellum between groups A & C, A & D, A & B, B &D were statistically significant, differences between B & C, D & C were non significant. Conclusion: The study would help to increase the information pool on the transverse diameter of cerebellum of Bangladeshi people. KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-4, January 2019, Page 159-162

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

Aesthetic outcome and patient’s quality of life in breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy with or without immediate reconstruction.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12587-e12587
Author(s):  
Sidra Afzal ◽  
Asad Parvaiz ◽  
Nida Javed
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Immediate Reconstruction ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

e12587 Background: : Although post mastectomy Immediate breast reconstruction has shown to improve physical and psychosocial well-being of breast cancer patients, this is not a usual procedure in Pakistan due to limited resources and lack of awareness. The aim of our study is to evaluate patient’s satisfaction/ aesthetic outcomes between the patients undergoing mastectomy alone (Group A) and the ones undergoing mastectomy followed by immediate reconstruction (Group B). Methods: This is a prospective study conducted at Shaukat Khanum Hospital Pakistan comparing aesthetic outcome, patient’s satisfaction and Quality of life between two groups using Breast Q module. All patients undergoing mastectomy with and without reconstruction between April 2017 to July 2019 are included. Sample size of 84 was calculated (42 in each group). Results: The mean Q score of satisfaction with the breast in group B is 82.64 and in group A is 35.82 (P = 0.001). The mean Q score of Psychosocial well-being in group B is 89 vs 44.95 in group A (P = 0.001). The mean Q score of Physical well-being in group B is 98.23 vs 90.41 in group A (P = 0.002). The mean Q score of sexual well-being in group B is 81.93 vs 43 in Group A (P = 0.001). [Mean difference in score of 5-10 - little change, 10-20 - moderate change, > 20 - significant change].The mean difference between two groups in satisfaction with breast , psychosocial well-being and sexual well-being is more than 20 with a statistically significant p-value, while in physical well-being the mean difference is 7.8 which falls in little change group. Conclusions: Our study shows that reconstruction helps breast cancer patients in providing comprehensive care in a manner that they achieve a higher satisfaction with their appearance, psychological and sexual well-being without compromising oncological safety and this should be practiced more in our country. Also patients education about these procedures should be raised to help them fighting against this disease

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF PHENYLEPHRINE OVER EPHEDRINE IN CONTROLLING FALL OF BLOOD PRESSURE: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING LOWER SEGMENT CAESAREAN SECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshav Saran Agrawal ◽  
Aruna Mahanta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Lower Segment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Segment Caesarean Section ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: most of the lower segment caesarean sections are done under spinal anesthesia and in more that 80% of the cases, maternal fall in blood pressure can be observed intraoperatively. Throughout history many vasopressor drugs have been evaluated for the treatment. Aim: our research was conducted to compare the effect of phenylephrine with ephedrine given for the prophylaxis of prevention of intraoperative fall in blood pressure in females who are undergoing LSCS. Materials and Methods: a total of 100 cases were considered for our study and were randomly distributed in two groups. Group A cases were administered Phenylephrine while ephedrine was given to group B cases just after spinal anesthesia. Results: most of our study subjects were in the age group of 21-25 years who were in the range of 51-55 kgs. Spinal anesthesia was given by using bupivacaine & block level was checked at 2 & 5 mins. Phenylephrine was found to be superior in control of fall in blood pressure as more than 90% of the cases were brought back to their preoperative levels in less than 4 mins after spinal anesthesia. Whereas in group B, ephedrine took much more time of around 10 mins for control of BP. Conclusion: with proper monitoring of heart rate, phenylephrine is superior to ephedrine in controlling the fall in blood pressure. Keywords: Ephedrine, Phenylephrine, Hypotension, Bradycardia.

scholarly journals Morphological study of weight of the ovary at different age group in Bangladeshi people

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-268
Author(s):  
MS Ahmed ◽  
H Rahman ◽  
ZG Ara ◽  
SZ Sultana ◽  
M Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

Aims: The morphological study was aimed to finedout the ovarian weight in dif ferent age group in Bangladeshi people to increase the knowledge regarding weight variation in our population. Subject & Methods: This cross - sectional study was carried out on Sixty two postmortem tissue contain ovary and fallopian tube along with surrounding structures were collected from 62- female cadaver of different age group by block dissection and fixed in 10% formal saline solution. Gross and fine dissections were carried out to see the morphological parameter of weight of the ovary in different age groups. In the present study, findings were compared with findings of the other researchers. Results: Maximum mean weight of the right ovary is found in this study in group C (46-80) years is 5.78gm and minimum weight is found in group A (2-13 years ) is 3.36gm .But incase left ovary Maximum in group B(14-45)years is 5.01 and minimum group a (2-13)is 2.72gm. statistatical analysis significant different between two groups was calculated by using students "T"Test. In the present study it is observed that the weight of the ovary is not equal on both side of same individual. Key words: ovary,morphology; weight DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i4.9498 BJMS 2011; 10 (4): 266-268

scholarly journals A Postmortem Histological Study on Percentage Volume of Parenchyma and Stroma of the Human Parathyroid Glands

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Sabiha Mahbub ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Shamim Ara ◽  
Abdul Alim
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Percentage Volume ◽  
Group A ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from January to December 2008, on post mortem parathyroid glands of 60 Bangladeshi people in different age groups. A total of 207 parathyroid glands were identified in relation to posterior border of thyroid lobes and collected from those 60 cadavers. The samples were collected from the unclaimed dead bodies within 24 hours after death that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three different age groups ranging from 15 to 75 years. The three groups are group A (10-30 years), group B (31-60 years) and group C (61-90 years). From each group, 20 best prepared slides were taken for examination. The percentage volume of parenchyma (glandular portion) and stroma (fibrous part with blood vessels and fat) were estimated by the point counting technique with Zeiss-I integrating eyepiece under the light microscope at low magnification. The mean SD percentage volume of parenchyma varies 64.88 2.75 to 65.90 2.33 in group A, 56.40 12.57 to 59.10 3.87 in group B and 38.80 2.77 to 41.50 2.38 in group C. In contrast, the mean SD percentage volume of stroma varies 33.50 2.27 to 34.88 2.95 in group A, 40.30 3.83 to 41.56 4.16 in group B and 58.50 2.38 to 61.20 2.77 in group C. The percentage volume of connective tissue stroma was found to increase with increasing age with simultaneous decrease in glandular parenchyma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v5i1.18765 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 5, No. 1: January 2014, Pages 10-13

scholarly journals Number of Fimbria of fallopian tubes - A postmortem study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Hasna Hena ◽  
Rubina Qasim ◽  
MD Enayet Ullah ◽  
Shamim Ara ◽  
Dilruba Siddiqua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Left Fallopian Tube

Background: Fallopian tube is one of the vital organ for human fertility.This is where the sperm fertilizes the ovum and human life begins. Detailed  morphological knowledge is essential for proper diagnosis and management of disease of fallopian tube. Study Design: Cross Sectional descriptive type of study. Place & period of study: Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2008 to June 2009. Materials: 120 postmortem human fallopian tubes were collected from 60 unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the morgue of Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Methods: The samples were divided into three age groups: Group-A (10-13 years), Group-B (14-45 years) and Group-C (46-50 years). Results: The mean(±SD) number of fimbriae of the right & left Fallopian tubes were 21.20(±3.63) and 21.00(±4.00) in group A, 21.71(±2.13) and 21.53(±2.07) in group B and 20.90(±3.48) and 21.20± 2.30 in group C respectively.The highest mean number was found in group B and lowest mean number was in group A. The mean difference in number of fimbria of right and left Fallopian tube between Group-A, Group-B and Group-C were statistically not significant. Conclusion:In this study, the number of fimbriae does not vary in between right and left fallopian tubes, in any age group.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v2i1.13956 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2012; 2 (1): 21-24

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF TACROLIMUS 0.03% OINTMENT VS OLOPATADINE 0.2% EYE DROPS IN THE TREATMENT OF VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Hassan Sajjad Rathore ◽  
Shahzad Saeed ◽  
Ahsan Mukhtar ◽  
Umar Ijaz ◽  
Asad Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Symptom ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Subjective Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group A ◽  
Objective Sign ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Objective: To compare the efficacy of tacrolimus 0.03% ointment to olopatadine 0.2% eye drops in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Eye Department Combined Military Hospital Quetta, from Feb to Jul 2019. Methodology: A total of 69 patients with active vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) were included in this study.Thirty six (52.17%) patients were randomized in tacrolimus group and 33 (47.83%) in olopatadine group B.Baseline values of the subjective symptom score (SSS) and the objective sign score (OSS) were noted. Patientswere reviewed on weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12 and the scores at each visit were summed. These scores were used forcomparison between groups. Results: At the start of the study, the mean subjective symptoms score and objective sign score of group A was 9.0 ± 2.04 and 3.93 ± 1.93 respectively, while that of group B was 8.88 ± 2.18 and 4.36 ± 1.90 respectively. At the end of 12-weeks, the mean subjective symptoms score and objective sign score of group A reduced to 0.11 ± 0.32 and 0.08 ± 0.28 respectively, while that of group B reduced to 1.70 ± 0.77 and 0.64 ± 0.55 respectively. Total improvement of scores (as a percentage of baselines) among tacrolimus group was 98.3% and olopatadine group was 83%. Conclusion: Although both 0.03% tacrolimus and 0.2% olopatadine were effective in improving the signs andsymptoms of VKC, 0.03% tacrolimus was significantly superior.

scholarly journals Association of Sub-Clinical Hypothyroidism with Abnormal Levels of Lipid in the Population of Nawabshah, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 452-458
Author(s):  
Nasrullah Aamer ◽  
Beenish Ghafar Memon ◽  
Abdul Rashid ◽  
Dayaram Makwana ◽  
Shahzad Memon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group B ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Aims: Aim of this investigation was to access the association of dyslipidemia with subclinical hypothyroidism. Methodology: In this cross-sectional investigation, 1948 participants were recruited. Two groups were made; participants up to 18 years were in group A and Subjects over 18 years were incorporated in group 2. They were subdivided into control, subclinical hypothyroid 1, and subclinical hypothyroid 2. SPSS 21 was used for data analysis. Results:  Data of 1619 individuals were analyzed. The mean age of Group A participants was 12.79 ± 2.779, and the mean age of Group B participants was 42.58 ± 18.012. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroid was found at 13.5 %. Significant differences have been observed while comparing Group A and Group B (P <0.001). Free tetraiodothyronine and Free triiodothyronine also showed a significant difference in both groups. (P<0.05). No significant difference between mean Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels was observed (P>0.05). No significant association between Controls and High-density Lipid values was found between Controls and subclinical hypothyroid. Conclusion: We conclude that subclinical hypothyroidism leads to increased dyslipidemia. Lower Serum total cholesterol and low-density lipid levels were detected among children and participants under the age of 18 with Thyroid-stimulating hormone greater than 10 mIU/L. Thyroid-stimulating hormone less than 10.0 mIU/L had no lipid abnormalities in subclinical hypothyroid participants.

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