scholarly journals Diurnal Variation of Carbon Dioxide Flux Over Rice Paddy

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
MA Islam ◽  
M Mano ◽  
MS Hossen ◽  
A Miyata ◽  
MA Baten
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Flux ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Broad Peak ◽  
Diurnal Pattern ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

An experiment was conducted to measure carbon dioxide (CO2) flux by using the eddy covariance technique over rice paddy field at Mymensingh flux study site at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh at three growing stage in Aman season in 2015. The variation of CO2 flux in the experimental period displayed distinct diurnal variations as influenced by rice growth and development. The diurnal pattern of CO2 flux showed broad peak at flowering stage of Aman rice at DOY 285 due to photosynthesis. The diurnal pattern of CO2 flux showed also higher broad peak at 1500 hour in DOY 272 at vegetative stage and lower broad peak at 1300 hour in DOY 330 ripening stage of Aman rice due to photosynthesis, meteorological conditions and field management activities.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 127-130 2016

Environmental Controls on Fallow Carbon Dioxide Flux in a Single-Crop Rice Paddy, Japan

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ono ◽  
M. Mano ◽  
G. H. Han ◽  
H. Nagai ◽  
T. Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Flux ◽  
Environmental Controls

scholarly journals Dried, closed-path eddy covariance method for measuring carbon dioxide flux over sea ice

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 6075-6090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Butterworth ◽  
Brent G. T. Else
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Flux ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Closed Path ◽  
Eddy Covariance Method ◽  
Open Path ◽  
Flux Measurements

Abstract. The Arctic marine environment plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, there remain large uncertainties in how sea ice affects air–sea fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), partially due to disagreement between the two main methods (enclosure and eddy covariance) for measuring CO2 flux (FCO2). The enclosure method has appeared to produce more credible FCO2 than eddy covariance (EC), but is not suited for collecting long-term, ecosystem-scale flux datasets in such remote regions. Here we describe the design and performance of an EC system to measure FCO2 over landfast sea ice that addresses the shortcomings of previous EC systems. The system was installed on a 10 m tower on Qikirtaarjuk Island – a small rock outcrop in Dease Strait located roughly 35 km west of Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The system incorporates recent developments in the field of air–sea gas exchange by measuring atmospheric CO2 using a closed-path infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) with a dried sample airstream, thus avoiding the known water vapor issues associated with using open-path IRGAs in low-flux environments. A description of the methods and the results from 4 months of continuous flux measurements from May through August 2017 are presented, highlighting the winter to summer transition from ice cover to open water. We show that the dried, closed-path EC system greatly reduces the magnitude of measured FCO2 compared to simultaneous open-path EC measurements, and for the first time reconciles EC and enclosure flux measurements over sea ice. This novel EC installation is capable of operating year-round on solar and wind power, and therefore promises to deliver new insights into the magnitude of CO2 fluxes and their driving processes through the annual sea ice cycle.

Soil CO2 flux affected by Aporrectodea caliginosa earthworms

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloslav Šimek ◽  
Václav Pižl
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Aporrectodea Caliginosa ◽  
Soil Co2 Flux ◽  
Soil Air ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Soil Accumulation

AbstractThe effects of Aporrectodea caliginosa earthworms on both carbon dioxide (CO2) accumulation in and emissions from soil, as well as the simultaneous impact of earthworms on soil microbiological properties were investigated in a microcosm experiment carried out over 5.5 months. Concentration of CO2 in soil air was greater at a depth of 15 cm when compared with a depth of 5 cm, but varied during the season both in control and earthworm-inhabited chambers. Peaks of CO2 concentrations at both depths occurred in both treatments during August, approximately 80 days after the experiment started. Generally, the presence of earthworms increased the CO2 concentration at 15-cm depth. Larger CO2 emissions were consistently recorded in conjunction with higher amounts of CO2 in soil air when chambers were inhabited by earthworms. The total CO2 emissions during the experimental period covering 161 days were estimated at 118 g CO2-C m−2 and 99 g CO2-C m−2 from chambers with and without earthworms respectively. Moreover, the presence of earthworms increased microbial biomass in the centre and at the bottom of chambers, and enhanced both dehydrogenase activity and nitrifying enzyme activity in the soils. We suggest that the effect of earthworms on both the enhanced soil accumulation of CO2 as well as emissions of CO2 was mostly indirect, due to the impacts of earthworms on soil microbial community.

Replaying the tape of history: Synthetic large ensembles of sea-air carbon dioxide (CO2) flux

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Olivarez ◽  
Nicole Lovenduski ◽  
Riley Brady ◽  
Amanda Fay ◽  
Marion Gehlen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Large Ensembles ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

scholarly journals Dried, closed-path eddy covariance method for measuring carbon dioxide flux over sea ice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Butterworth ◽  
Brent G. T. Else
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Flux ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Closed Path ◽  
Eddy Covariance Method ◽  
Open Path ◽  
Flux Measurements

Abstract. The Arctic marine environment plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, there remain large uncertainties in how sea ice affects air–sea fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), partially due to disagreement between the two main methods (enclosure and eddy covariance) for measuring CO2 flux (FCO2). The enclosure method has appeared to produce more credible FCO2 than eddy covariance (EC), but is not suited for collecting long-term, ecosystem-scale flux datasets in such remote regions. Here we describe the design and performance of an EC system to measure FCO2 over landfast sea ice that addresses the shortcomings of previous EC systems. The system was installed on a 10-m tower on Qikirtaarjuk Island – a small rock outcrop in Dease Strait located roughly 35 km west of Cambridge Bay, Nunavut in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The system incorporates recent developments in the field of air–sea gas exchange by measuring atmospheric CO2 using a closed-path infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) with a dried sample airstream, thus avoiding the known water vapor issues associated with using open-path IRGAs in low-flux environments. A description of the methods and the results from four months of continuous flux measurements from May through August 2017 are presented, highlighting the winter to summer transition from ice cover to open water. We show that the dried, closed-path EC system greatly reduces the magnitude of measured FCO2 compared to simultaneous open-path EC measurements, and for the first time reconciles EC and enclosure flux measurements over sea ice. This novel EC installation is capable of operating year-round on solar/wind power, and therefore promises to deliver new insights into the magnitude of CO2 fluxes and their driving processes through the annual sea ice cycle.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Flux from Rice Paddy Soils in Central China: Effects of Intermittent Flooding and Draining Cycles

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e56562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Kai-yuan Wan ◽  
Yong Tao ◽  
Zhi-guo Li ◽  
Guo-shi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Flux ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Central China ◽  
Rice Paddy Soils

scholarly journals Impact of peatlands on carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions from the Rajang River and Estuary, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Müller-Dum ◽  
Thorsten Warneke ◽  
Tim Rixen ◽  
Moritz Müller ◽  
Antje Baum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. Tropical peat-draining rivers are known as potentially large sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere due to high loads of carbon they receive from surrounding soils. However, not many seasonally resolved data are available, limiting our understanding of these systems. We report the first measurements of carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) in the Rajang River and Estuary, the longest river in Malaysia. The Rajang River catchment is characterized by extensive peat deposits found in the delta region, and by human impact such as logging, land use and river damming. pCO2 averaged 2919 ± 573 µatm during the wet season and 2732 ± 443 µatm during the dry season. This is at the low end of reported values for Southeast Asian peat-draining rivers, but higher than values reported for Southeast Asian rivers that do not flow through peat deposits. However, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and δ13C-DIC data did not suggest that peatlands were an important source of inorganic carbon to the river, with an average DIC concentration of 203.9 ± 59.6 µmol L−1 and an average δ13C-DIC of −8.06 ± 1.90 ‰. Also, compared to rivers with similar peat coverage, the pCO2 in the Rajang was rather low. Thus, we suggest that peat coverage is, by itself, insufficient as sole predictor of CO2 emissions from peat-draining rivers, and that other factors, like the spatial distribution of peat in the catchment and pH, need to be considered as well. In the Rajang River, peatlands probably do not contribute much to the CO2 flux due to the proximity of the peatlands to the coast. CO2 fluxes to the atmosphere were 2.28 ± 0.52 gC m−2 d−1 (wet season) and 2.45 ± 0.45 gC m−2 d−1 (dry season), making the Rajang River a moderate source of carbon to the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Surveying emissions of greenhouse gas CO2 in the canals of Ho Chi Minh city by floating chamber method

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (M1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Trang Thi Nhu Tran ◽  
Nho Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Huy Minh Do ◽  
Duc Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Floating Chamber ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentrations

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most important greenhouse gases and atmospheric CO2 concentrations have been recorded increasing. Floating chamber associated with Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) technique as Licor-820 has been used for measuring the CO2 flux F(CO2) (mmol m-2 h-1) that emitted from the water surface on the various canals of Ho Chi Minh City. The highest values at 3 sites: CH – Kenh Đoi, DBP – Kenh Nhieu Loc – Thi Nghe and CD – Rach Cau Son ranged from 35 to 186 mmol m-2 h-1 while much higher at OB site – Rach Ong Lon from 120–474 mmol m-2h-1. Climate characteristics also greatly affect the CO2 emissions in natural waterways with low F(CO2) values in dry season – the highest value fluctuated between 35 and 181 mmol m-2 h-1 while in the rainy season the highest F(CO2) value was 446 mmol m-2 h-1 for OB site and ranged from 65 to 186 mmol m-2 h-1 for 3 other sites CH , DBP and CD. Pollution of waterways also affected on the CO2 emissions.

'Breathing' of the terrestrial biosphere: lessons learned from a global network of carbon dioxide flux measurement systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Baldocchi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Flux Measurement ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Flux ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Eddy Covariance Method ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Published eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere from a global network are distilled, synthesised and reviewed according to time scale, climate and plant functional types, disturbance and land use. Other topics discussed include history of the network, errors and issues associated with the eddy covariance method, and a synopsis of how these data are being used by ecosystem and climate modellers and the remote-sensing community. Spatial and temporal differences in net annual exchange, FN, result from imbalances in canopy photosynthesis (FA) and ecosystem respiration (FR), which scale closely with one another on annual time scales. Key findings reported include the following: (1) ecosystems with the greatest net carbon uptake have the longest growing season, not the greatest FA; (2) ecosystems losing carbon were recently disturbed; (3) many old-growth forests act as carbon sinks; and (4) year-to-year decreases in FN are attributed to a suite of stresses that decrease FA and FR in tandem. Short-term flux measurements revealed emergent-scale processes including (1) the enhancement of light use efficiency by diffuse light, (2) dynamic pulses in FR following rain and (3) the acclimation FA and FR to temperature. They also quantify how FA and FR respond to droughts and heat spells.

scholarly journals Impact of biochar and manure application on in-situ carbon dioxide flux, microbial activity, and carbon budget in degraded cropland soil of southern India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayuko Seki ◽  
Soh Sugihara ◽  
Hidetoshi Miyazaki ◽  
Muniandi Jegadeesan ◽  
Pandian Kannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Flux ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Microbial Responses ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
The Impact

Biochar application is currently considered to be an effective soil organic carbon (SOC) management to prevent land degradation by enhancing SOC stock. However, quantitative information on the impact of biochar application on carbon dioxide (CO2) flux and associated microbial responses is still scarce, especially in degraded tropical agroecosystems. Here, we evaluated the impact of land management (control (C), biochar (B; 8.2 Mg C ha−1), farmyard manure (FYM) (M; 1.1 Mg C ha−1 yr−1), and a mixture of both (BM; 8.2 Mg biochar-C ha−1 and 1.1 Mg FYM-C ha−1 yr−1)) on CO2 flux, SOC stock, microbial biomass C (MBC), and metabolic quotient (qCO2) in degraded tropical alkaline cropland of southern India, based on a 27-month field experiment. Cumulative CO2 flux over the experiment was 2.4, 2.7, 4.0, and 3.7 Mg C ha−1 in the C, B, M, and BM treatments, respectively. Biochar application increased soil moisture and SOC stock, though did not affect CO2 flux, MBC, and qCO2, indicating the limited response of microbes to increased soil moisture because of small amount of SOC. Combined application of biochar and FYM did not increase CO2 flux compared with FYM alone, due to little difference of microbial responses between the M and BM treatments. Additionally, SOC increment (8.9 Mg C ha−1) and the rate of C-input retention in soil (0.78) was most significant in the BM treatment. Hence, the combined application of biochar and FYM could be sustainable land management by efficient increase of SOC stock in the tropical degraded cropland.

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