Ecology of Sundarban, Bangladesh

Sundarban is the largest mangrove wetland in the world. It covers an area of about 1mha, of which 60% is located in Bangladesh and the remaining western portion, comprising 40%, lies in India. Mangrove ecosystems are of great ecological significance in the tropical and sub-tropical coast. They protect our coast from heavy wind, tidal waves, coastal erosion and sea water intrusion, generate substantial quantities of fishery resources and provide many useful forestry products. The Sundarban ecosystem supports rich fisheries diversity. This ecosystem support 27 families and 53 species of pelagic fish, 49 families 124 species of demersal fish, 5 families and 24 species of shrimps, 3 families and 7 species of crabs, 8 species of lobster. A total 334 plants, 165 algal, 13 special orchids, 17 fern, 87 monocotyledon and 230 dicotyledon belonging to 245 genera and 75 families from the sundarbans and adjacent area are found available. The principal tree species is Sundry (Heritiera fomes) which covers about 73% to total landmass and the second species is Gewa (Excoecaria agallocha) which covers about 16% of total forest area. The plant species include 35 legumes, 29 grasses, 19 sedges, and 18 euphorbias. Of the 50 true mangrove plant species recorded throughout the globe, the Sundarbans alone contain 35 species. The magnificent among the animals on land is Royal Bengal Tiger, Spotted deer, barking deer and wild boars are there in plenty. Besides those jungle cats, fishing cat, civet cat, monkey, bengal fox, jackle, water monitor, monitor lizard and snakes are important faunal spp. Moreover, abundant of the Sundarbans are purple heron, pond heron, cattle egret, little egret, open billed stork, smaller adjutant stork, brahmini kite, spotted dove, rose ringed parakeet, crow pheasant, wood pecker, bee eater, drongo, pide myna, jungle myna, bulbul, tailor bird, magpie robin, sparrow etc., Otherwise, recorded that wild Buffalo, 2 species of deer, javan rhinoceros extinct and presently 2 species of amphibians, 14 species of reptiles 25 species of birds and 5 species of mammals are considered as endangered species. This paper is to produce a new assessment of the mangroves ecology of Sundarbans. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v8i1-2.14618 J. Sci. Foundation, 8(1&2): 35-47, June-December 2010

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Photo-mediated green synthesis of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extracts of two mangrove plant species, Heritiera fomes and Sonneratia apetala and investigation of their biomedical applications

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology ◽

10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.07.029 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 163 ◽

pp. 311-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Priyabrata Thatoi ◽

Rout George Kerry ◽

Sushanto Gouda ◽

Gitishree Das ◽

Krishna Pramanik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Green Synthesis ◽

Plant Species ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Mangrove Plant ◽

Sonneratia Apetala ◽

Heritiera Fomes

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Molecular identification and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Heritiera fomes (Buch. -Ham), a mangrove plant of the Sundarbans

Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences ◽

10.1186/s43088-020-00081-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tauhidur Rahman Nurunnabi ◽

Sabiha Sarwar ◽

Farah Sabrin ◽

Farzana Alam ◽

Lutfun Nahar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

Mangrove Plant ◽

Nucleotide Sequence Data ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Heritiera Fomes ◽

The Sundarbans

Abstract Background Endophytic fungi play a vital role in plant defense system by secreting various antimicrobial agents. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the endophytic fungi of the mangrove plant Heritiera fomes (Buch. -Ham), plants were collected from the Sundarbans, Bangladesh. The endophytic fungi were subsequently isolated and identified. Results Fifty-five endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves, root, and bark of H. fomes (Buch. -Ham). Genomic DNA was extracted for PCR (polymerase chain reaction) by specific primers to multiply ITS region and sequences were determined. Nucleotide sequence data were submitted to the Genbank and accession number for each fungal strain was obtained. Antimicrobial activity of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanolic extracts of eleven species from both fermentation and mycelium, respectively, were analyzed by microtiter plate-based antimicrobial assay incorporating resazurin as an indicator of cell growth against two Gram-positive bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12981 and Micrococcus luteus NCTC 7508, two Gram-negative bacteria namely Escherichia coli NCTC 12241 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 12903, and a fungus Candida albicans ATCC 90028. All the endophytic fungal extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities against more than one-tested pathogenic microbial strains. Overall, methanolic extracts showed greater activity than EtOAc extracts. Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis, Pestalotiopsis microspora, and Penicillium copticola were the most active endophytic fungal strains and exhibited strong inhibitory activity against the microorganisms under investigation and their MIC values ranged from 0.0024 to 5.0 mg/mL. Methanolic extracts of both P. camelliae-sinensis and P. microspora showed the highest antibacterial activity (MIC value of 0.0024 mg/mL) against P. aeruginosa NCTC 12903. Conclusion This study showed that the isolated and identified endophytic fungi from H. fomes (Buch. -Ham) could be potential sources of antimicrobial agents.

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Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Heritiera fomes (Buch.-Ham), a mangrove plant of the Sundarbans

Advances in Traditional Medicine ◽

10.1007/s13596-019-00401-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 189-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Md. Emdadul Islam ◽

Kazi Mohammed Didarul Islam ◽

Md. Morsaline Billah ◽

Rana Biswas ◽

Md. Hossain Sohrab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Mangrove Plant ◽

Heritiera Fomes ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

The Sundarbans

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Pesticidal Activity of Sundarban Mangrove Plant Extracts against Sitophilus Pests and Identification of Active Constituents Using LC-MS

Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1155/2021/1540336 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Md. Abdur Rahman ◽

Rinku Rani Paul ◽

Chaina Biswas ◽

Hakima Akter ◽

Razina Rouf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insecticidal Activity ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Sitophilus Oryzae ◽

Active Fraction ◽

Mangrove Plant ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Excoecaria Agallocha ◽

Mangrove Plants ◽

Heritiera Fomes ◽

Sundarban Mangrove

Plants act as a rich source of novel natural pesticides. In the backdrop of the recent revival of interest in developing plant-based insecticides, this study was carried out to investigate the pesticidal activity of Sundarban mangrove plants. A total of nine different plant parts from five plants, namely, Aegiceras corniculatum, Excoecaria agallocha, Heritiera fomes, Xylocarpus moluccensis, and Xylocarpus granatum, were extracted with methanol and tested for insecticidal activity against two common stored product pests Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais using direct contact feeding deterrent wafer disc method. Three bark extracts from A. corniculatum, E. agallocha, and H. fomes showed potent and statistically significant insecticidal activity against both S. oryzae and S. zeamais pests (80–100% mortality). All the active bark extracts were further fractionated using C-18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns and tested for their insecticidal activity against S. oryzae pest to identify the active fraction. Only the SPE4 fraction (100% MeOH) from all the three active plants showed the activity against S. oryzae pest with a lethal concentration 50% (LC50) value of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/disc for A. corniculatum, E. agallocha, and H. fomes, respectively. The active fraction of A. corniculatum was further profiled for identification of active compounds using LC-ESI-MS and identified (along with some unknown peaks) two previously reported compounds at m/z 625.17630 (isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside) and 422.25346 (paspaline) as major constituents. Insecticidal activities of these plants are reported in this study for the first time and would be useful in promoting research aiming for the development of new biopesticides from mangrove plants.

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Anti-MRSA activity of oxysporone and xylitol from the endophytic fungus Pestalotia sp. growing on the Sundarbans mangrove plant Heritiera fomes

Phytotherapy Research ◽

10.1002/ptr.5983 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 348-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Tauhidur Rahman Nurunnabi ◽

Lutfun Nahar ◽

Shaymaa Al-Majmaie ◽

S.M. Mahbubur Rahman ◽

Md. Hossain Sohrab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Fungus ◽

Mangrove Plant ◽

Heritiera Fomes ◽

Sundarbans Mangrove ◽

The Sundarbans

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Spatial Variation of Heavy Metal Accumulation in the Sediments Adjacent to Different Mangrove Plant Species within a Mixed Mangrove Stand

Soil and Sediment Contamination An International Journal ◽

10.1080/15320383.2020.1867505 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Abhra Chanda ◽

Shresthashree Swain ◽

Sourav Das ◽

Anushka Seal ◽

Tuhin Ghosh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Spatial Variation ◽

Plant Species ◽

Metal Accumulation ◽

Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽

Mangrove Plant

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Pharmacological and Ethnomedicinal Overview of Heritiera fomes: Future Prospects

International Scholarly Research Notices ◽

10.1155/2014/938543 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Imran Mahmud ◽

Md Khirul Islam ◽

Sanjib Saha ◽

Apurba Kumar Barman ◽

Md Mustafizur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Diseases ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Mangrove Plant ◽

River Deltas ◽

Traditional Health ◽

Heritiera Fomes ◽

Health Practitioners ◽

Important Medicinal Plant

Mangrove plants are specialized woody plants growing in the swamps of tidal-coastal areas and river deltas of tropical and subtropical parts of the world. They have been utilized for medicinal and other purposes by the coastal people over the years. Heritiera fomes Buch. Ham. (family: Sterculiaceae) commonly known as Sundari (Bengali) is a preeminent mangrove plant occurring in the Sundarbans forest located in the southern part of Bangladesh and adjoining West Bengal province of India. The plant has applications in traditional folk medicine as evidenced by its extensive use for treating diabetes, hepatic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, goiter, and skin diseases by the local people and traditional health practitioners. A number of investigations indicated that the plant possesses significant antioxidant, antinociceptive, antihyperglycemic, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. Phytochemical analyses have revealed the presence of important chemical constituents like saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, gums, phytosterols, and reducing sugars. The present study is aimed at compiling information on phytochemical, biological, pharmacological, and ethnobotanical properties of this important medicinal plant, with a view to critically assess the legitimacy of the use of this plant in the aforementioned disorders as well as providing directions for further research.

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Population status of Heritiera fomes Buch.-Ham., a threatened species from Mahanadi Mangrove Wetland, India

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.7018.13.12.19791-19798 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 19791-19798

Author(s):

Sudam Charan Sahu ◽

Manas Ranjan Mohanta ◽

N.H. Ravindranath

Keyword(s):

Natural Populations ◽

P Value ◽

Population Status ◽

Mangrove Species ◽

Sea Levels ◽

Excoecaria Agallocha ◽

Mangrove Wetland ◽

Heritiera Fomes ◽

The Status ◽

Rising Sea Levels

Heritiera fomes Buch.-Ham. is assessed as an endangered mangrove species by IUCN, and information on population status is lacking. The present study assesses the status of H. fomes in Mahanadi Mangrove Wetland on the east coast of India. Three forest blocks were selected and sampled for this study. Among these, the mean girth at breast height (GBH) of H. fomes was the highest in Hetamundia (HD) forest block. GBH of H. fomes was inversely proportional to the cumulative disturbance index (R2= 0.7244, p value <0.005). The relative density was maximum for H. fomes (56%) at Bhitarkharnasi (BK), and for Excoecaria agallocha at Hetamundia (HD; 35%) & Kansaridia (KD; 54%), respectively. Excoecaria agallocha is a dominant species possibly impacting natural populations of H. fomes. Climate change and rising sea levels may also negatively affect the existence of this species. Therefore, appropriate strategies should be taken for conservation of this globally threatened mangrove species prior to its extinction.

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Rediscovery of Ophiorrhiza incarnata C.E.C. Fisch. (Rubiaceae) from the Western Ghats of India after a lapse of 83 years

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.5888.13.7.18953-18955 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 18953-18955

Author(s):

Perumal Murugan ◽

Vellingiri Ravichandran ◽

Chidambaram Murugan

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Western Ghats ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Type Locality ◽

Adjacent Area ◽

Threatened Plant ◽

Threatened Plant Species ◽

Western Ghats Of India ◽

Southern Western Ghats ◽

The Western Ghats

Ophiorrhiza incarnata C.E.C.Fisch. (Rubiaceae), a threatened plant species of southern Western Ghats is rediscovered from the adjacent area of the type locality after lapse of eight decades. Its distribution and conservation status are discussed.

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