scholarly journals Statistical Experimental Design for the Extraction of Ti(IV) in the Ti(IV)-SO42- (H+, Na+) – Cyanex 301 – Kerosene – 5% (v/v) Heptane-1-ol System

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-289
Author(s):  
R. K. Biswas ◽  
A. K. Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Model Equation ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Statistical Experimental Design ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cyanex 301 ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Logistic Functions

The titled system has been investigated from the modelling point of view. The equilibration time for the system is 45 min, and 5% (v/v) heptane-1-ol in the organic phase is used as a  de-emulsifier. The factors affecting the extent of extractions are [Ti(IV)], pH(eq), [Cyanex 301], [SO42-] and temperature (T). The selected levels are high (+) and low (-) for these factors in the present investigation. Model equation for the extraction of Ti(IV) by Cyanex 301 is determined from 25 full factorial design. However, the success of the factorial design depends on the linear relationship between yield and factor. Plots of log CD vs log [Ti(IV)], pH(eq), log [Cyanex 301] and log [SO42-] are curves. Logistic functions involving these factors are considered in designing. While [Ti(IV)] < 1.00 g/L and [HA](o) > 0.10 mol/L, considered logistic functions viz. -log(1+316.2 ([Ti(IV)], mol/L)), -log (10-pH + 229 ´10-2pH), log ([HA](o), mol/L), -log (1+0.79 ([SO42-], mol/L)) and absolute temperature are abbreviated as M, P, E, S and T, respectively. Model is log CD = 5.847 + 0.964 M + 0.909 P + 2 E + 0.995 S – (1437.5/T). The experimental model illustrates that there is no interaction effect between the factors under investigation.

scholarly journals Factorial (25) design for the extraction of V(IV) in the V(IV)-[SO42-](H+, Na+) ? Cyanex 302-kerosene system

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
RK Biswas ◽  
AK Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Model Equation ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cyanex 302 ◽  
Title System ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Full Factorial

The title system has been investigated from the modeling points of view. Equilibration time is 20 min and the significant extraction occurs above pH 2. Considering the constancy of the organic to aqueous phase ratio (1:1), the factors affecting the extent of extraction (value of log D or log CD) are [V(IV)], pH(eq), [Cyanex 302], [SO42-] and temperature (T). The levels of these factors chosen in experimentation are high (+) and low (-). Regression or model equation for the extraction of vanadium (IV) by Cyanex 302 is determined from 25 full factorial design. On abbreviating log[V(IV)], -log(1+4641.14x10-pH + (1.5x106)x10-2pH), log[Cyanex 302], -log(1+2.24 [SO42-]) and absolute temperatures as M, P, E, S and T, respectively, the model obtained is: log CD = 10.452-0.16M+1.0047P+2.0011E+1.0003S-2425.3729/T. From the regression model it is seen that there is no interaction effect between the factors under investigation. The model can describe the system well.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(1), 47-54, 2016

scholarly journals Experimental design modelling for the extraction of vanadium(IV) extraction V(IV)-SO4 2- (H+, Na+)-Cyanex 301-kerosene system

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
AK Karmakar ◽  
RK Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Current System ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cyanex 301 ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Acidic Sulphate

The vanadium(IV) extraction from acidic sulphate medium by Cyanex 301 (bis-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid) dissolved in kerosene is explored from the modelling point of view. The time of equilibration is only 10 min and above pH(eq) = 2, high extraction (>90%) occurs.On keeping organic to aqueous phase ratio of 1, factors affecting the extent of extraction (log D and log CD) are pH(eq), [V(IV)],[SO4 2-], [Cyanex 301]and temperature (T). The high (+) and low (-) levels are considered for the factors. The 25 factorial design is used to find the regression equation for the V(IV) extraction by Cyanex 301. On symbolizing pH(eq), log [V(IV)], , log [SO4 2-], log [Cyanex 301], and 1/T (K-1); where concentration terms are in mol/L, as P , M, S,E, and (1/T), respectively,the regression equation obtained is: log CD = 1.95 - 0.23 M + 1.83 P + 2.07 E + 0.84 S - (888.9/T) - 0.26 PS.The current system shows only the interaction effect among pH(eq) and [SO4 2-]. The equation can well describe the system,and it can be used to optimize factors for satisfactory extraction. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(2), 95-104, 2021

WISATA BAHARI PADA ZONA PEMANFAATAN TAMAN NASIONAL MANUSELA: POTENSI DAN FAKTOR PENGARUH PENGEMBANGAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Ivonne R. G. Kaya ◽  
Fildo De Lima
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Tourism Attractions ◽  
Depth Interviews

Tourism has become one of the major players in ‎international commerce and represents one of the main income ‎sources for many developing countries at the same time. These dynamics have turned tourism into a key driver for socio-‎economic progress.‎ This article described the potential of tourism attraction and factor affecting the development of marine tourism area in the utilization zone of Manusela National Park. Semi-structured interviews, in-depth interviews and participant observations were conducted with respondent (n=110) in Bellarizky, Air Belanda, Ora Beach and Lizar Bahari resort. The potential of tourist attractions in the utilization zone of Manusela National Park is as a snorkeling, diving and point of view. Factors affecting the development are service, transportation, supporting facilities and tourism attractions.

Application of 32 Full Factorial Design and Desirability Function for Optimizing The Manufacturing Process for Directly Compressible Multi-Functional Co-Processed Excipient

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-539
Author(s):  
Jalpa Patel ◽  
Dhaval Mori
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Full Factorial Design ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
P Value ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
32 Full Factorial Design ◽  
Response Variables

Background: Developing a new excipient and obtaining its market approval is an expensive, time-consuming and complex process. Compared to that, the co-processing of already approved excipients has emerged as a more attractive option for bringing better characteristic excipients to the market. The application of the Design of Experiments (DoE) approach for developing co-processed excipient can make the entire process cost-effective and rapid. Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to demonstrate the applicability of the DoE approach, especially 32 full factorial design, to develop a multi-functional co-processed excipient for the direct compression of model drug - cefixime trihydrate using spray drying technique. Methods: The preliminary studies proved the significant effect of atomization pressure (X1) and polymer ratio (microcrystalline cellulose: mannitol - X2) on critical product characteristics, so they were selected as independent variables. The angle of repose, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio, tensile strength and Kuno’s constant were selected as response variables. Result: The statistical analysis proved a significant effect of both independent variables on all response variables with a significant p-value < 0.05. The desirability function available in Design Expert 11® software was used to prepare and select the optimized batch. The prepared co-processed excipient had better compressibility than individual excipients and their physical mixture and was able to accommodate more than 40 percent drug without compromising the flow property and compressibility. Conclusion: The present investigation successfully proved the applicability of 32 full factorial design as an effective tool for optimizing the spray drying process to prepare a multi-functional co-processed excipient.

Formulation of Extended-Release Beads of Lamotrigine Based on Alginate and Cassia fistula Seed Gum by QbD Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-437
Author(s):  
Dixita Jain ◽  
Akshay Sodani ◽  
Swapnanil Ray ◽  
Pranab Ghosh ◽  
Gouranga Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Green Manufacturing ◽  
Full Factorial Design ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Seed Gum ◽  
Full Factorial

Aim: This study was focused on the formulation of the multi-unit extended-release peroral delivery device of lamotrigine for better management of epilepsy. Background: The single-unit extended-release peroral preparations often suffer from all-or-none effect. A significant number of multi-unit delivery systems have been reported as a solution to this problem. But most of them are found to be composed of synthetic, semi-synthetic or their combination having physiological toxicity as well as negative environmental impact. Therefore, fabrication and formulation of multi-unit extended-release peroral preparations with natural, non-toxic, biodegradable polymers employing green manufacturing processes are being appreciated worldwide. Objective: Lamotrigine-loaded extended-release multi-unit beads have been fabricated with the incorporation of a natural polysaccharide Cassia fistula seed gum in calcium-cross-linked alginate matrix employing a simple green process and 23 full factorial design. Methods: The total polymer concentration, polymer ratio and [CaCl2] were considered as independent formulation variables with two different levels of each for the experiment-design. The extended-release beads were then prepared by the ionotropic gelation method using calcium chloride as the crosslinkerions provider. The beads were then evaluated for drug encapsulation efficiency and drug release. ANOVA of all the dependent variables such as DEE, cumulative % drug release at 2h, 5h, 12h, rate constant and dissolution similarity factor (f2) was done by 23 full factorial design using Design-Expert software along with numerical optimization of the independent variables in order to meet USP-reference release profile. Results: The optimized batch showed excellent outcomes with DEE of 84.7 ± 2.7 (%), CPR2h of 8.41± 2.96 (%), CPR5h of 36.8± 4.7 (%), CPR12h of 87.3 ± 3.64 (%) and f2 of 65.9. Conclusion: This approach of the development of multi-unit oral devices utilizing natural polysaccharides might be inspiring towards the world-wide effort for green manufacturing of sustained-release drug products by the QbD route.

scholarly journals Shear strength optimization for FSSW AA6060-T5 joints by Taguchi and full factorial design

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 16072-16079
Author(s):  
C.A.G. Aita ◽  
I.C. Goss ◽  
T.S. Rosendo ◽  
M.D. Tier ◽  
A. Wiedenhöft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Full Factorial Design ◽  
Full Factorial
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