scholarly journals Factorial (25) design for the extraction of V(IV) in the V(IV)-[SO42-](H+, Na+) ? Cyanex 302-kerosene system

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
RK Biswas ◽  
AK Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Model Equation ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cyanex 302 ◽  
Title System ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Full Factorial

The title system has been investigated from the modeling points of view. Equilibration time is 20 min and the significant extraction occurs above pH 2. Considering the constancy of the organic to aqueous phase ratio (1:1), the factors affecting the extent of extraction (value of log D or log CD) are [V(IV)], pH(eq), [Cyanex 302], [SO42-] and temperature (T). The levels of these factors chosen in experimentation are high (+) and low (-). Regression or model equation for the extraction of vanadium (IV) by Cyanex 302 is determined from 25 full factorial design. On abbreviating log[V(IV)], -log(1+4641.14x10-pH + (1.5x106)x10-2pH), log[Cyanex 302], -log(1+2.24 [SO42-]) and absolute temperatures as M, P, E, S and T, respectively, the model obtained is: log CD = 10.452-0.16M+1.0047P+2.0011E+1.0003S-2425.3729/T. From the regression model it is seen that there is no interaction effect between the factors under investigation. The model can describe the system well.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(1), 47-54, 2016

scholarly journals Statistical Experimental Design for the Extraction of Ti(IV) in the Ti(IV)-SO42- (H+, Na+) – Cyanex 301 – Kerosene – 5% (v/v) Heptane-1-ol System

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-289
Author(s):  
R. K. Biswas ◽  
A. K. Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Model Equation ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Statistical Experimental Design ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cyanex 301 ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Logistic Functions

The titled system has been investigated from the modelling point of view. The equilibration time for the system is 45 min, and 5% (v/v) heptane-1-ol in the organic phase is used as a  de-emulsifier. The factors affecting the extent of extractions are [Ti(IV)], pH(eq), [Cyanex 301], [SO42-] and temperature (T). The selected levels are high (+) and low (-) for these factors in the present investigation. Model equation for the extraction of Ti(IV) by Cyanex 301 is determined from 25 full factorial design. However, the success of the factorial design depends on the linear relationship between yield and factor. Plots of log CD vs log [Ti(IV)], pH(eq), log [Cyanex 301] and log [SO42-] are curves. Logistic functions involving these factors are considered in designing. While [Ti(IV)] < 1.00 g/L and [HA](o) > 0.10 mol/L, considered logistic functions viz. -log(1+316.2 ([Ti(IV)], mol/L)), -log (10-pH + 229 ´10-2pH), log ([HA](o), mol/L), -log (1+0.79 ([SO42-], mol/L)) and absolute temperature are abbreviated as M, P, E, S and T, respectively. Model is log CD = 5.847 + 0.964 M + 0.909 P + 2 E + 0.995 S – (1437.5/T). The experimental model illustrates that there is no interaction effect between the factors under investigation.

Influences of Si, W, and Cu on the Localized and Stress Corrosion of 18 % Cr Austenitic Stainless Steel

2007 ◽  
Vol 124-126 ◽  
pp. 1557-1560
Author(s):  
Deog Ryung Kim ◽  
Chan Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Full Factorial Design ◽  
Full Factorial

Effects of Si, W and Cu on the localized and stress corrosion of 18 % Cr austenitic stainless steel were investigated using experimetal strategy of full factorial design. The resistance to localized and stress corrosion of the alloy was improved with increasing the contents of Si, W and Cu in the range of 0.5 ~ 1.5 % for Si, 0.1 ~ 0.5 % for W and 0.2 ~ 2.0 % for Cu. In addition, we found an interaction effect between Si and Cu on the reistance to localized and stress corrosion of the alloy.

scholarly journals Experimental design modelling for the extraction of vanadium(IV) extraction V(IV)-SO4 2- (H+, Na+)-Cyanex 301-kerosene system

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
AK Karmakar ◽  
RK Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Current System ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cyanex 301 ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Acidic Sulphate

The vanadium(IV) extraction from acidic sulphate medium by Cyanex 301 (bis-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid) dissolved in kerosene is explored from the modelling point of view. The time of equilibration is only 10 min and above pH(eq) = 2, high extraction (>90%) occurs.On keeping organic to aqueous phase ratio of 1, factors affecting the extent of extraction (log D and log CD) are pH(eq), [V(IV)],[SO4 2-], [Cyanex 301]and temperature (T). The high (+) and low (-) levels are considered for the factors. The 25 factorial design is used to find the regression equation for the V(IV) extraction by Cyanex 301. On symbolizing pH(eq), log [V(IV)], , log [SO4 2-], log [Cyanex 301], and 1/T (K-1); where concentration terms are in mol/L, as P , M, S,E, and (1/T), respectively,the regression equation obtained is: log CD = 1.95 - 0.23 M + 1.83 P + 2.07 E + 0.84 S - (888.9/T) - 0.26 PS.The current system shows only the interaction effect among pH(eq) and [SO4 2-]. The equation can well describe the system,and it can be used to optimize factors for satisfactory extraction. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(2), 95-104, 2021

Application of 32 Full Factorial Design and Desirability Function for Optimizing The Manufacturing Process for Directly Compressible Multi-Functional Co-Processed Excipient

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-539
Author(s):  
Jalpa Patel ◽  
Dhaval Mori
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Full Factorial Design ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
P Value ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
32 Full Factorial Design ◽  
Response Variables

Background: Developing a new excipient and obtaining its market approval is an expensive, time-consuming and complex process. Compared to that, the co-processing of already approved excipients has emerged as a more attractive option for bringing better characteristic excipients to the market. The application of the Design of Experiments (DoE) approach for developing co-processed excipient can make the entire process cost-effective and rapid. Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to demonstrate the applicability of the DoE approach, especially 32 full factorial design, to develop a multi-functional co-processed excipient for the direct compression of model drug - cefixime trihydrate using spray drying technique. Methods: The preliminary studies proved the significant effect of atomization pressure (X1) and polymer ratio (microcrystalline cellulose: mannitol - X2) on critical product characteristics, so they were selected as independent variables. The angle of repose, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio, tensile strength and Kuno’s constant were selected as response variables. Result: The statistical analysis proved a significant effect of both independent variables on all response variables with a significant p-value < 0.05. The desirability function available in Design Expert 11® software was used to prepare and select the optimized batch. The prepared co-processed excipient had better compressibility than individual excipients and their physical mixture and was able to accommodate more than 40 percent drug without compromising the flow property and compressibility. Conclusion: The present investigation successfully proved the applicability of 32 full factorial design as an effective tool for optimizing the spray drying process to prepare a multi-functional co-processed excipient.

Formulation of Extended-Release Beads of Lamotrigine Based on Alginate and Cassia fistula Seed Gum by QbD Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-437
Author(s):  
Dixita Jain ◽  
Akshay Sodani ◽  
Swapnanil Ray ◽  
Pranab Ghosh ◽  
Gouranga Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Green Manufacturing ◽  
Full Factorial Design ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Seed Gum ◽  
Full Factorial

Aim: This study was focused on the formulation of the multi-unit extended-release peroral delivery device of lamotrigine for better management of epilepsy. Background: The single-unit extended-release peroral preparations often suffer from all-or-none effect. A significant number of multi-unit delivery systems have been reported as a solution to this problem. But most of them are found to be composed of synthetic, semi-synthetic or their combination having physiological toxicity as well as negative environmental impact. Therefore, fabrication and formulation of multi-unit extended-release peroral preparations with natural, non-toxic, biodegradable polymers employing green manufacturing processes are being appreciated worldwide. Objective: Lamotrigine-loaded extended-release multi-unit beads have been fabricated with the incorporation of a natural polysaccharide Cassia fistula seed gum in calcium-cross-linked alginate matrix employing a simple green process and 23 full factorial design. Methods: The total polymer concentration, polymer ratio and [CaCl2] were considered as independent formulation variables with two different levels of each for the experiment-design. The extended-release beads were then prepared by the ionotropic gelation method using calcium chloride as the crosslinkerions provider. The beads were then evaluated for drug encapsulation efficiency and drug release. ANOVA of all the dependent variables such as DEE, cumulative % drug release at 2h, 5h, 12h, rate constant and dissolution similarity factor (f2) was done by 23 full factorial design using Design-Expert software along with numerical optimization of the independent variables in order to meet USP-reference release profile. Results: The optimized batch showed excellent outcomes with DEE of 84.7 ± 2.7 (%), CPR2h of 8.41± 2.96 (%), CPR5h of 36.8± 4.7 (%), CPR12h of 87.3 ± 3.64 (%) and f2 of 65.9. Conclusion: This approach of the development of multi-unit oral devices utilizing natural polysaccharides might be inspiring towards the world-wide effort for green manufacturing of sustained-release drug products by the QbD route.

THE EFFECT BETWEEN COOPERATIVE LERANING AND LEARNING STYLE OF THE GERMANY WRITTING OUTCOM

Jurnal KATA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Fauzan Adhima
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Auditory Learning

<p><em>The aim of the study is to reveal the empirical data about the effect of cooperative learning and learning styles on the outcome of germany writting of SMA Negeri 42 Jakarta. The methodology used is the experimental method with a 2x2 factorial design. Data analysis performed by using two way variance analysis. The findings of the study demonstrated: 1)   The teaching cooperative leraning type STAD was higher than students who take cooperative leraning type Pair Cheks teaching. 2) The visual learning style was higher than students who have auditory learning style. 3) The students who take the teaching  cooperative leraning type Pair Cheks and have a visual learning style higher than students who take cooperative leraning type STAD and have a visual learning style . 4) The cooperative leraning type STAD and auditory learning style is higher than  cooperative leraning type Pair Cheks and have auditory learning styles. 5) The teaching cooperative leraning type STAD and have a auditory learning style was higher than the teaching cooperative leraning type STAD and have visual learning styles. 6) The cooperative leraning type Pair Cheks and have a visual learning style is higher than cooperative leraning type Pair Cheks and have auditory learning styles. 7) There is an interaction effect between  cooperative leraning  and learning style of the germany writting outcome.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p> </p><p>Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran kooperatif (tipe STAD dan tipe <em>Pair Cheks</em>) dan gaya belajar (visual dan auditori) terhadap keterampilan menulis bahasa Jerman Siswa SMA N 42 Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen menggunakan desain faktorial 2 X 2. Pengukuran keterampilan menulis bahasa Jerman menggunakan tes tulis sedangkan gaya belajar menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah teknkik analisis variansi (ANAVA) 2 jalur dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tuckey untuk melihat interaksi antar kelompok.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) keterampilan menulis tipe STAD lebih baik dari pada tipe <em>Pair Cheks</em>, (2) gaya belajar visual lebih baik dari auditori, (3) gaya belajar auditori lebih baik menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dari pada tipe <em>Pair Cheks</em>, (4) keterampilan menulis bahasa Jerman kelompok siswa yang memiliki gaya belajar visual lebih baik menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe <em>Pair Cheks</em> dari pada tipe STAD, (5) Belajar dengan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD lebih baik diterapkan pada siswa yang memiliki gaya belajar auditori dari pada gaya belajar visual, (6) belajar dengan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe <em>Pair Cheks</em> lebih baik diterapkan pada siswa yang memiliki gaya belajar visual dari pada auditori, dan (7) terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara pembelajaran kooperatif dan gaya belajar terhadap keterampilan menulis bahasa Jerman.</p><p>Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran kooperatif (tipe STAD dan tipe <em>Pair Cheks</em>) dan gaya belajar (visual dan auditori) terhadap keterampilan menulis bahasa Jerman Siswa SMA N 42 Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen menggunakan desain faktorial 2 X 2. Pengukuran keterampilan menulis bahasa Jerman menggunakan tes tulis sedangkan gaya belajar menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah teknkik analisis variansi (ANAVA) 2 jalur dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tuckey untuk melihat interaksi antar kelompok.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) keterampilan menulis tipe STAD lebih baik dari pada tipe <em>Pair Cheks</em>, (2) gaya belajar visual lebih baik dari auditori, (3) gaya belajar auditori lebih baik menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dari pada tipe <em>Pair Cheks</em>, (4) keterampilan menulis bahasa Jerman kelompok siswa yang memiliki gaya belajar visual lebih baik menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe <em>Pair Cheks</em> dari pada tipe STAD, (5) Belajar dengan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD lebih baik diterapkan pada siswa yang memiliki gaya belajar auditori dari pada gaya belajar visual, (6) belajar dengan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe <em>Pair Cheks</em> lebih baik diterapkan pada siswa yang memiliki gaya belajar visual dari pada auditori, dan (7) terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara pembelajaran kooperatif dan gaya belajar terhadap keterampilan menulis bahasa Jerman.</p>

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