scholarly journals Efficacy of Selected Chemotherapeutic and Medicinal Plants on Fungal Fish Pathogens

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Rahman ◽  
MBR Chowdhury ◽  
MAR Faruk
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Fresh Culture

Studies were conducted to examine the efficacy of selected chemotherapeutic and medicinal plants against common fungal fish pathogens. Four different doses of available fungicidal agents viz., lime + salt, brilliant green, malachite green and methylene blue were applied to the fresh culture of newly isolated fish pathogenic fungi (Aphanomyces invadans, Saprolegnia sp. and Achlya sp.) under in-vitro condition and minimum inhibitory dose (MID) was determined. Based on in-vitro results, chemotherapeutic were applied to the experimental infection of fish (Barbonymus gonionotus). Salt + lime, brilliant green and malachite green offered better results in reducing the rate of infection followed by medium effective methylene blue. Medicinal plants were selected on the basis of previous studies. Crude extracts were prepared from various parts (leaves and bulb) of neem (Azadirachta indica), turmeric (Curcuma longa) and shoti (C. zedoaria) and four different doses were applied to the fresh culture of above mentioned fungal pathogens under in-vitro condition to determine MID. Treatment trial was performed using the MID of the highly effective plant extracts (viz., tumeric, shoti, neem + tumeric and neem + shoti) on experimental infection of fish. Turmeric and neem + tumeric were found to be the most effective ones. Thus, medicinal plants would be an effective and alternative control measure along with selected chemotherapeutic against fungal diseases of fish.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.17361 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 105 - 116, 2008 

scholarly journals Evaluation of the efficacies of selected antibiotics and medicinal plants on common bacterial fish pathogens

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Rahman ◽  
MMR Akanda ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MBR Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Fresh Culture ◽  
Silver Barb

An experiment was conducted to compare the efficacies of some selected antibiotics and medicinal plants against common bacterial fish pathogens viz., Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Edwardsiella tarda. Four different antibiotics viz., CFCIN (ciprofloxacin), Renamycin (oxytetracycline), DT-10 (doxycicline) and Sulfatrim (sulphadiazine + trimethoprim) were exposed in different doses (100, 75, 50 and 25 ppm) to the culture of freshly isolated bacteria under the in vitro condition for sensitivity test and minimum inhibitory dose (MID) was determined. Based on in vitro results, antibiotics were applied to the experimental infection of Thai silver barb, Barbonymus gonionotus. CFCIN showed the best result with 100% recoveries of challenged fish in prolonged bath treatment. Medicinal plants were selected on the basis of previous studies. Crude extracts were prepared from various parts (leaves and bulb) of garlic, turmeric, akand and neem and four different doses were applied to the fresh culture of pathogenic isolates under the in-vitro condition to determine minimum inhibitory dose (MID). However, garlic offered the best result with 90.00 ± 2.89% recoveries of challenged fish in aquarium trial. Akand + neem, turmeric and akand showed moderate to weak recovery rates with the same dose. The present study thus showed that medicinal plants would be an effective control measure along with antibiotics against bacterial fish diseases. Keywords: Efficacy; Medicinal plants; Bacterial fish pathogens DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i1.4980 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 163-168, 2009

Determination of malachite green, crystal violet, brilliant green and methylene blue by micro-cloud-point extraction and nonlinear laser wave-mixing detection interfaced to micellar capillary electrophoresis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (45) ◽  
pp. 6411-6419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Sebastien Pradel ◽  
William G. Tong
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Cloud Point Extraction ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Wave Mixing ◽  
Laser Wave

A laser wave-mixing CE detection method is reported for separation and detection of malachite green (MG), crystal violet (CV), brilliant green (BG), methylene blue (MB), and the leuco-metabolites of MG and CV residues in aquacultures.

scholarly journals In-vitro study of antiproliferative and anthelminthic property of medicinal plants of Kokrajhar, Assam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananta Swargiary ◽  
Mritunjoy Kumar Roy ◽  
Akalesh Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract People living in far-flung areas of the world, especially ethnic tribal people practice traditional medicine as the first choice of disease treatment. The present study investigates the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and anthelmintic activity of four medicinal plants traditionally used by tribal communities of Bodoland Region of Assam. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was estimated following spectrophotometry method. Antioxidant activity was measured by total antioxidant assay, FRAP, DPPH, ABTS, and TBARS assay. Antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity of plants were carried out in DL cells. Cells were treated for 24 h with different doses of plant extracts. Furthermore, anthelmintic study was carried out by treating the helminth parasite at different doses of plant extracts. Phytochemical and antioxidant study showed rich TPC, TFC, and free radical scavenging activity in H. japonicum and H. sibthorpioides. Both the antiproliferative and anthelmintic activity showed a dose-dependent efficacy in all the plants. H. japonicum showed the strongest anthelmintic activity with LC50 212.78 µg/mL followed by H. sibthorpioides (5.36 mg/mL), C. halicacabum (13.40 mg/mL), and A. scholaris (18.40 mg/mL). On the other hand, H. sibthorpioides showed stronger antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity compared to other plants. The study observed a positive correlation between the antioxidant property and antiproliferative and anthelmintic activities of the plants. We, therefore, conclude that the secondary metabolites along with antioxidant molecules may have combined effects contributing the antiproliferative and anthelmintic activity of the plants.

scholarly journals Dual RNAseq Highlights the Kinetics of Skin Microbiome and Fish Host Responsiveness to Bacterial Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jeremy le luyer ◽  
Quentin Schull ◽  
Pauline Auffret ◽  
Pierre Lopez ◽  
Margaux Crusot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Tropical Fish ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract a) BackgroundTenacibaculum maritimum is a fish pathogen known for causing serious damage to a broad range of wild and farmed marine fish populations worldwide. The recently sequenced genome of T. maritimum strain NCIMB 2154T provided unprecedented information on the possible molecular mechanisms involved in the virulence of this species. However, little is known about the dynamic of infection in vivo, and information is lacking on both the intrinsic host response (gene expression) and its associated microbiome community. Here, we applied complementary omic approaches, including dual RNAseq and 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding sequencing using Nanopore and short-read Illumina technologies to unravel the host–pathogen interplay in an experimental infection system using the tropical fish Platax orbicularis as model.b) ResultsWe showed that the T. maritimum transcriptomic landscape during infection is characterised by an enhancement of antibiotic catalytic and glucan catalytic functions but a decrease in the sulfate assimilation process, compared with in vitro cultures. The fish host concurrently displays a large panel of immune effectors, notably involving innate response and triggering acute inflammatory response. In addition, our results suggest that fish activate an adaptive immune response visible through the stimulation of T-helper cells, Th17, with congruent reduction of Th2 and T-regulatory cells. Fish were, however, largely sensitive to infection, and less than 25% survived after 96 hpi. These surviving fish showed no evidence of stress (cortisol levels) or significant difference in microbiome diversity compared with controls at the same sampling time. The presence of Tenacibaculum in resistant fish skin and the total absence of any skin lesions suggest that these fish did not escape contact with the pathogen, but rather that they prevented pathogen entry. In these individuals, we detected up-regulation of specific immune-related genes differentiating resistant individuals from controls at 96 hpi, which suggests a possible genomic basis of resistance, although no genetic variation in coding regions were found.c) ConclusionHere we focus in detail on the interplay between common fish pathogens and host immune response during experimental infection. We further highlight key actors of defence response, pathogenicity and possible genomic bases of fish resistance to T. maritimum.

scholarly journals Dual RNAseq highlights the kinetics of skin microbiome and fish host responsiveness to bacterial infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Le Luyer ◽  
Quentin Schull ◽  
Pauline Auffret ◽  
Pierre Lopez ◽  
Margaux Crusot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Tropical Fish ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Tenacibaculum maritimum is a fish pathogen known for causing serious damage to a broad range of wild and farmed marine fish populations worldwide. The recently sequenced genome of T. maritimum strain NCIMB 2154 T provided unprecedented information on the possible molecular mechanisms involved in the virulence of this species. However, little is known about the dynamic of infection in vivo, and information is lacking on both the intrinsic host response (gene expression) and its associated microbiome community. Here, we applied complementary omic approaches, including dual RNAseq and 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding sequencing using Nanopore and short-read Illumina technologies to unravel the host–pathogen interplay in an experimental infection system using the tropical fish Platax orbicularis as model. Results: We showed that the T. maritimum transcriptomic landscape during infection is characterised by an enhancement of antibiotic catalytic and glucan catalytic functions but a decrease in the sulfate assimilation process, compared with in vitro cultures. The fish host concurrently displays a large panel of immune effectors, notably involving innate response and triggering acute inflammatory response. In addition, our results suggest that fish activate an adaptive immune response visible through the stimulation of T-helper cells, Th17, with congruent reduction of Th2 and T-regulatory cells. Fish were, however, largely sensitive to infection, and less than 25% survived after 96 hpi. These surviving fish showed no evidence of stress (cortisol levels) or significant difference in microbiome diversity compared with controls at the same sampling time. The presence of Tenacibaculum in resistant fish skin and the total absence of any skin lesions suggest that these fish did not escape contact with the pathogen, but rather that they prevented pathogen entry. In these individuals, we detected up-regulation of specific immune-related genes differentiating resistant individuals from controls at 96 hpi, which suggests a possible genomic basis of resistance, although no genetic variation in coding regions were found. Conclusions: Here we focus in detail on the interplay between common fish pathogens and host immune response during experimental infection. We further highlight key actors of defence response, pathogenicity and possible genomic bases of fish resistance to T. maritimum .

scholarly journals Dual RNAseq highlights the kinetics of skin microbiome and fish host responsiveness to bacterial infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Le Luyer ◽  
Q. Schull ◽  
P. Auffret ◽  
P. lopez ◽  
M. Crusot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Tropical Fish ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstracta)BackgroundTenacibaculum maritimum is a worldwide-distributed fish pathogen known for causing dramatic damages on a broad range of wild and farmed marine fish populations. Recently sequenced genome of T. maritimum strain NCIMB 2154T provided unprecedented information on the possible molecular mechanisms involved in virulence for this species. However, little is known on the dynamic on the infection in vivo, and information are lacking on both the intrinsic host response (gene expression) and its associated microbiome community. Here, we applied complementary omic approaches, including dual RNAseq and 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding sequencing using Nanopore and short-reads Illumina technologies to unravel the host-pathogens interplay in experimental infection system using the tropical fish Platax orbicularis as model.b)ResultsWe show that T. maritimum transcriptomic landscape during infection is characterized by an enhancement of antibiotic catalytic and glucan catalytic functions while decreasing specific sulphate assimilation process, compared to in vitro cultures. Simultaneously, fish host display a large palette of immune effectors, notably involving innate response and triggering acute inflammatory response. In addition, results suggest that fish activate adaptive immune response visible through stimulation of T-helper cells, Th17, with congruent reduction of Th2 and T-regulatory cells. Fish were however largely sensitive to infection, and less than 25% of them survived after 96hpi. These surviving fish showed no evidence of stress (cortisol levels) as well as no significant difference in microbiome diversity compared to control at the same sampling time. The presence of Tenacibaculum in resistant fish skin and the total absence of any skin lesion suggest that these fish did not escape contact with the pathogen but rather prevent the pathogen entry. In these individuals we detected the up-regulation of specific immune-related genes differentiating resistant from control at 96hpi, which suggests a possible genomic basis of resistance while no genetic variations in coding regions was reported.c)ConclusionHere we refine the interplay between common fish pathogens and host immune response during experimental infection. We further highlight key actors of defense response, pathogenicity and possible genomic bases of resistance to T. maritimum.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DA SENSIBILIDADE in vitro DE ISOLADOS DE Colletotrichum spp. À FUNGICIDAS

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Amanda Letícia Da Silveira ◽  
Maria Gilmara Oliveira Soares ◽  
Sarah Da Silva Costa Guimarães ◽  
Fernanda Dias Pereira ◽  
Bruna Canabarro Pozzebon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Different Doses

Doenças pós-colheita estão entre os principais fatores que reduzem a produção da bananeira. Dentre elas a antracnose se destaca. Causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum spp. essa doença interfere na qualidade dos frutos reduzindo seu tempo de prateleira. Como medida de controle a utilização de produtos químicos tem sido a mais utilizada e com isso tem se observado a ineficiência de alguns princípios ativos. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade micelial in vitro de isolados de Colletotrichum spp., submetidos a diferentes doses de fungicidas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso com 5 isolados, 3 fungicidas, 4 doses (0,1; 1,0; 10; 100 mg L-1) e 3 repetições de cada tratamento. Discos de micélio de cada isolado foram adicionados em placas com as doses de cada fungicida. O crescimento micelial foi medido após o micélio dos fungos das placas controle atingirem suas bordas. Foi estimada a concentração efetiva dos fungicidas capaz de inibir em 50 % do crescimento micelial (EC50) e classificados em quatro categorias de eficiência. As análises estatísticas foram processadas com o programa SISVAR. Todos os fungicidas foram eficientes no controle in vitro, com destaque para o microbiológico. Para os isolados testados não foi observado resistência a nenhum dos fungicidas.Palavras-chave: pós-colheita; Bacillus subtillis; controle químico; antracnose. EVALUATION OF IN VITROUS SENSITIVITY OF ISOLATES OF Colletotrichum spp. TO FUNGICIDES  ABSTRACT: Post-harvest diseases are among the main factors that reduce banana production. Among them the anthracnose stands out. Caused by the fungus Colletotrichum spp. this disease interferes in the quality of the fruits reducing their shelf life. As a control measure the use of chemicals has been the most used and with this has been observed the inefficiency of some active principles. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro mycelial sensitivity of Colletotrichum spp. Isolates submitted to different doses of fungicides. The experimental design was completely randomized with 5 isolates, 3 fungicides, 4 doses (0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 mg L-1) and 3 replicates. Mycelial disks from each isolate were added on plates with the doses of each fungicide. Mycelial growth was measured after the fungal mycelium of the control plates reached their edges. The effective concentration of fungicides capable of inhibiting 50% of mycelial growth (EC 50) and classified into four efficiency categories was estimated. Statistical analyzes were processed using the SISVAR program. All the fungicides were efficient in the in vitro control, with emphasis on the microbiological. No resistance to any of the fungicides was observed for the isolates tested.Keywords: post-harvest; Bacillus subtillis; chemical control; anthracnose.

In Vitro Anti-Infective Screening Of Selected West African Medicinal Plants

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
VO Imieje ◽  
PS Fasinu ◽  
KO Ogbeide ◽  
NO Egiebor ◽  
A Falodun
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
West African
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