scholarly journals Stretch receptors of Crustacea based on systematic classification.

Dobutsu seiri ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
Akiyoshi NIIDA
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Stretch Receptors

scholarly journals Morphometric and Molecular Analyses of Ostertagia leptospicularis Assadov, 1953 from Ruminants: Species Diversity or Host Influence?

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Anna Wyrobisz-Papiewska ◽  
Jerzy Kowal ◽  
Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat ◽  
Paweł Nosal ◽  
Iwona Polak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Induced Changes

Ostertagia leptospicularis Assadov, 1953 was formally described in roe deer Capreolus capreolus and has been reported in a wide range of ruminants, including other Cervidae, as well as Bovidae. Nematode specimens derived from various host species exhibit morphological similarity; however, some differences can be observed. It is unclear if this is due to the differential reaction of one nematode species in different host species (i.e., host-induced changes) or because of distinct nematode species in these hosts (i.e., species complex). This paper focuses on specimens resembling O. leptospicularis f. leptospicularis and its closely related species (Ostertagia ostertagi f. ostertagi) collected from various hosts. Morphometric and molecular techniques were applied to assess host-induced changes in nematode morphology and to clarify its systematic classification. There was an overall effect of host species on measurements of nematodes resembling O. leptospicularis (both males and females), but the distinctiveness of the specimens from cattle Bos taurus were highlighted. The results obtained may suggest that the specimens of O. leptospicularis from cattle in Germany and cervids in central Europe belong to different strains. Furthermore, nematodes from the cervid strain appear to circulate within particular host species, which can be seen in the stated morphological variations.

scholarly journals Machine learning for a rapid discrimination of ginseng cultivation age using 1H-NMR spectra

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonho Lee ◽  
Dahye Yoon ◽  
Seohee Ma ◽  
Dae Young Lee ◽  
Jae Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Magic Angle Spinning ◽  
Magic Angle ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
New Class ◽  
Angle Spinning ◽  
Rapid Discrimination ◽  
Ginseng Cultivation

Abstract The scientific and systematic classification of cultivation age is important for preventing age falsification and ensuring the quality of ginseng. Therefore, we applied deep learning to classify the cultivation age of ginseng. Deep learning, which is based on an artificial neural network, is one of the new class of models for machine learning, and is state-of-the-art. It is a powerful tool and has been used to solve complex problems in many fields. In the present study, powdered samples of 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old ginseng were measured using high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS NMR) spectroscopy. NMR data were analyzed with deep learning and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to improve accuracy. The accuracy of the PLS-DA was 87.1% and the accuracy of the deep learning model was 93.9%. NMR spectroscopy with deep learning can be a useful tool for discrimination of ginseng cultivation age.

Sensory Reinnervation of Muscles Following Nerve Section and Suture in Cats

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-344
Author(s):  
R. W. BANKS ◽  
D. BARKER ◽  
H. G. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Common Peroneal Nerve ◽  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Normal Muscle ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Reflex Action ◽  
Stretch Receptors ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sensory Reinnervation ◽  
Tendon Organ

The common peroneal nerve was transected and repaired by epineurial suture in nine cats. In a further nine the nerve was transected twice and similarly repaired so as to produce a short autograft. Recovery of stretch receptors in peroneus brevis was monitored histologically and physiologically from six to fifty weeks. In recovery after single neurotomy functionally identifiable muscle-spindle and tendon-organ afferents were reduced to 25% and 45% of normal, respectively; after double neurotomy (autograft) both were reduced to about 10% of normal. Muscle spindles were reinnervated with annulospiral terminals, or wholly abnormal fine axon terminals, or both. Recovery evidently entails not only a reduction in number of stretch afferents, but also the making of some incorrect reconnections that presumably result in abnormal proprioceptive feedback and reflex action. When a graft is used the sensory impairment is compounded.

The Control of Changes in Peripheral Sensilla Associated with Feeding in Locusta Migratoria (L.)

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-763
Author(s):  
E. A. BERNAYS ◽  
R. F. CHAPMAN
Keyword(s):  
Normal Level ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Diuretic Hormone ◽  
Stretch Receptors ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Maxillary Palps ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The electrical resistance across the tips of the maxillary palps is not affected by stimulation of the palps, but increases to the normal level found after feeding as a result of distension of the foregut with agar or injection of corpus cardiacum homogenates into the haemolymph. 2. No increase in resistance occurs if the posterior pharyngeal nerves or the frontal connectives are cut. 3. It is inferred that distension of the foregut stimulates stretch receptors which, acting via the posterior pharyngeal nerves, the frontal connectives and the brain, cause the release of hormone from the storage lobes of the corpora cardiaca. This hormone acts on the terminal sensilla of the palps, causing them to close and so increasing the resistance across the palps. 4. Release of the diuretic hormone is controlled via the same pathway.

Response of primate joint afferent neurons to mechanical stimulation of knee joint

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Grigg ◽  
B. J. Greenspan
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Afferent Neurons ◽  
Time Constants ◽  
Joint Afferents ◽  
Stretch Receptors ◽  
Angular Displacements ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. One hundred thirty-eight knee joint afferents from posterior articular nerve (PAN), in primates, were recorded in dorsal root filaments. Responses of afferents were studied in relation to both passive manipulations of the knee and active contractions of quadriceps, semimembranosus, and gastrocnemius muscles. 2. When the knee was passively rotated, most neurons discharged only when extreme angular displacements were achieved. Response of neurons responding to passive extensions was linearly related to the torque applied to the knee. With maintained extensions, discharge in extension neurons adapted slowly. Some of the time constants of adaptation were similar to those for simultaneously recorded torque relaxation. 3. Contractions of quadriceps, semimembranosus, or gastrocnemius muscles could activate many neurons in the absence of changes in joint angle. For quadriceps-activated neurons, rather high torques (mean = 2,450 g with cm) were required. 4. The results support the hypothesis that joint afferents function as capsullar stretch receptors, responding to those mechanical events which result in loading of the capsule.

Surfactant replacement partially restores the activity of pulmonary stretch receptors in surfactant-depleted cats

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 594-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Sindelar ◽  
Anders Jonzon ◽  
Andreas Schulze ◽  
Gunnar Sedin
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing ◽  
Lung Lavage ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Inspiratory Time ◽  
Impulse Frequency ◽  
Surfactant Replacement ◽  
Stretch Receptors ◽  
Pulmonary Stretch Receptors

Single units of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (PSRs) were investigated in anesthetized cats during spontaneous breathing on continuous positive airway pressure (2–5 cmH2O), before and after lung lavage and then after instillation of surfactant to determine the PSR response to surfactant replacement. PSRs were classified as high threshold (HT) and low threshold (LT), and their instantaneous impulse frequency ( fimp) was related to transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) and tidal volume (Vt). Both the total number of impulses and maximal fimp of HT and LT PSRs decreased after lung lavage (55 and 45%, respectively) in the presence of increased Ptp and decreased Vt. While Ptp decreased markedly and Vt remained unchanged after surfactant instillation, all except one PSR responded with increased total number of impulses and maximal fimp (42 and 26%, respectively). Some HT PSRs ceased to discharge after lung lavage but recovered after surfactant instillation. The end-expiratory activity of LT PSRs increased or was regained after surfactant instillation. After instillation of surfactant, respiratory rate increased further with a shorter inspiratory time, resulting in a lower inspiratory-to-expiratory time ratio. Arterial pH decreased (7.31 ± 0.04 vs. 7.22 ± 0.06) and Pco2 increased (5.5 ± 0.7 vs. 7.2 ± 1.3 kPa) after lung lavage, but they were the same after as before instillation of surfactant (pH = 7.21 ± 0.08 and Pco2 = 7.6 ± 1.4 kPa) during spontaneous breathing. In conclusion, surfactant instillation increased lung compliance, which, in turn, increased the activity of both HT and LT PSRs. A further increase in respiratory rate due to a shorter inspiratory time after surfactant instillation suggests that the partially restored PSR activity after surfactant instillation affected the breathing pattern.

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