Social Capital in Rural Areas of Vietnam and Its Impact on Households’ Life Satisfaction

2015 ◽  
pp. 60-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Nguyen Thi Tuong ◽  
Anh Tran Quynh
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
General Trust ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Using data of the Vietnam Access to Resources Household Survey 2014, with the participation of 3,648 households in rural areas of 12 provinces in Vietnam and two models: OLS regression and ordered logit, this paper studied the determinants of social capital in the rural area of Vietnam. Moreover, the paper also analyzed the impact of social capital on life satisfaction and risk coping strategies. Results of regression models confirmed that social capital is the essential ingredient for the life satisfaction of the community and at the same time, social capital also has notable impacts on households’ post-risk recovery. In the relationship with the life satisfaction, all the variables representing social capital, except for general trust, positively affected the growth of life satisfaction of households, aside from physical factors such as income. Therefore, social capital, along with economic growth, was the biggest factor that can help households increase their life satisfaction.

Trust in the Bayou City: Do Racial Segregation and Discrimination Matter for Generalized Trust?

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiara Douds ◽  
Jie Wu
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
General Trust ◽  
Interracial Friendship ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

The key role that generalized trust plays in social capital formation is well documented, but its determinants are not well understood. Many studies suggest that racially and ethnically diverse areas have lower generalized trust than more homogeneous areas, but evidence regarding the impact of the spatial arrangement of racial and ethnic groups is not conclusive. Further, while scholars theorize that discrimination may play a role in racial trust gaps, no study has empirically supported this linkage. We examine the impact of racial residential segregation and perceived discrimination on generalized trust in two highly diverse Texas counties using data from the 2014 Kinder Houston Area Survey. Results indicate that perceived racial discrimination negatively impacts trust and may mediate the black-white trust gap, whereas racial segregation is positively associated with trust. Additionally, having an interracial friendship, one form of bridging ties, moderates the segregation-trust relationship such that, up to a certain level of segregation, having an interracial friendship increases one’s likelihood of trusting others. Together, these results provide insight into processes that generate or sustain the general trust that makes social capital formation possible and point to the continuing importance of race in shaping experiences and outcomes in modern American society.

scholarly journals Impact of Internet Use on Mental Health among Elderly Individuals: A Difference-in-Differences Study Based on 2016–2018 CFPS Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Hongyang Wang ◽  
Huiyu Yan ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The number of elderly Internet users has increased significantly in the past few years. However, the impact of Internet use on mental health remains unclear. In this study, we performed a difference-in-differences analysis using data from the 2016 and 2018 waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to evaluate the impact of Internet usage on mental health among elderly individuals. A total of 5031 validated respondents were included to explore the relationship between Internet use and reduced levels of depression as well as improved life satisfaction among elderly individuals. The results showed that Internet use significantly reduced depression levels. Unexpectedly, Internet use was not found to improve life satisfaction. Moreover, discontinuing Internet use was not significantly associated with improvements in depression or life satisfaction. More research is needed to fully elucidate the relationship between Internet use and depression levels, as well as life satisfaction among elderly individuals.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Social Capital and Acculturation Expectations of Estonians in Estonia: Perceived Threat as a Mediator

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
G.Y. Rodionov
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
General Trust ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
Physical Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the mediating role of perceived threat from other ethnic groups in the relationship between social capital and acculturation expectations of the host population. Consistent with Stephans’ theory, the article examined the impact of three types of perceived threat: economic, cultural, and physical. The sample consists of ethnic Estonians born and living in Estonia (N = 309). The study examined how the perceived threat affects the relationship between social capital indicators (general trust, ethnic tolerance, binding and uniting social capital) and acculturation expectations (“multiculturalism”, “melting pot”, “seg regation”). The results showed that physical perceived threat was a mediator of the relationship between ethnic tolerance and “multiculturalism”. With the increase in physical threat, the preference for “multiculturalism” decreased. Economic threat has been shown to mediate the relationship between general trust and “segregation”, as well as connecting social capital and “segregation”. In these two cases, the economic threat increased the likelihood of a preference for “segregation” by the host population. The mediative role of cultural threat was not confirmed in the present study.

Examining the relationships between life satisfaction and alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use among school-aged children

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Lew ◽  
H Xian ◽  
Z Qian ◽  
M G Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Individual Substance ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background There are many known risk factors associated with youth substance use. Nonetheless, the impact of life satisfaction (LS) on the use of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana by adolescents still remains largely unknown. Methods The present analysis utilized data from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children 2009–10 US study. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between LS and individual substance use. Multilevel multinomial regression models examined the relationship with total number of substances used. Results After controlling for numerous variables associated with substance use, individuals reporting low LS were significantly more likely to ever use tobacco (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = [1.01, 1.78]), alcohol (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = [1.10, 1.92]) and marijuana (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = [1.39, 2.82]). Additionally, students with low LS were significantly more likely to use two substances (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = [1.15, 3.14]) and three substances concurrently (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = [1.27, 3.16]). Conclusions The present study identified strong associations between LS and individual, as well as concurrent, substance use among adolescents. Interventions aiming to reduce adolescent substance use may benefit from incorporating components to improve LS.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Social comparison orientation and mental health: The mediating role of psychological capital

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoliang Yang ◽  
Zhihua Wang ◽  
Weijiong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Comparison Orientation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Little is known about the relationship between social comparison orientation and mental health, especially in the psychological capital context. We proposed a theoretical model to examine the impact of ability- and opinion-based social comparison orientation on mental health using data from 304 undergraduates. We also examined the mediating effect of the four psychological capital components of hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism in the relationship between social comparison orientation and mental health. Results show that an ability (vs. opinion) social comparison orientation was negatively (vs. positively) related to the psychological capital components. Further, the resilience and optimism components of psychological capital fully mediated the social comparison orientation–mental health relationship. Our findings indicate that psychological capital should be considered in the promotion of mental health, and that the two social comparison orientation types have opposite effects on psychological capital.

A Preliminary Test of the Impact of De-Globalization on MNC Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-428
Author(s):  
Hilla Peretz ◽  
Michael J. Morley
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Institutional Fit ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTWe offer a preliminary examination of whether national and organizational level contexts amplify or reduce the effects of de-globalization on the performance of MNCs. Theoretically, we borrow ideas from both event system theory and institutional fit to propose a model explicating key dimensions of the relationship between de-globalization, national and organizational context, and MNC performance. We then test our ideas using data assembled from 283 MNCs in 20 countries. We find that while de-globalization has a negative effect on MNC performance, national and organizational level contextual endowments do moderate this relationship. We discuss some implications of our findings and highlight attendant limitations.

scholarly journals The impact of living arrangements and intergenerational support on the health status of older people in China: are rural residents disadvantaged compared to urban residents?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Yazhen Yang ◽  
Maria Evandrou ◽  
Athina Vlachantoni
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Older People ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Intergenerational Support ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Research to-date has examined the impact of intergenerational support in terms of isolated types of support, or at one point in time, failing to provide strong evidence of the complex effect of support on older persons’ wellbeing. Using the Harmonised China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011, 2013 and 2015), this paper investigates the impact of older people's living arrangements and intergenerational support provision/receipt on their physical and psychological wellbeing, focusing on rural–urban differences. The results show that receiving economic support from one's adult children was a stronger predictor for higher life satisfaction among rural residents compared to urban residents, while grandchild care provision was an important determinant for poor life satisfaction only for urban residents. Having weekly in-person and distant contact with one's adult children reduced the risk of depression in both rural and urban residents. Older women were more likely than men to receive support and to have contact with adult children, but also to report poor functional status and depression. The paper shows that it is important to improve the level of public economic transfers and public social care towards vulnerable older people in rural areas, and more emphasis should be placed on improving the psychological wellbeing of urban older residents, such as with the early diagnosis of depression.

scholarly journals The Impact of Weather and Seasons on Falls and Physical Activity among Older Adults with Glaucoma: A Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3415
Author(s):  
Hursuong Vongsachang ◽  
Aleksandra Mihailovic ◽  
Jian-Yu E ◽  
David S. Friedman ◽  
Sheila K. West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
Injurious Fall ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Multivariable Regression Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding periods of the year associated with higher risk for falling and less physical activity may guide fall prevention and activity promotion for older adults. We examined the relationship between weather and seasons on falls and physical activity in a three-year cohort of older adults with glaucoma. Participants recorded falls information via monthly calendars and participated in four one-week accelerometer trials (baseline and per study year). Across 240 participants, there were 406 falls recorded over 7569 person-months, of which 163 were injurious (40%). In separate multivariable regression models incorporating generalized estimating equations, temperature, precipitation, and seasons were not significantly associated with the odds of falling, average daily steps, or average daily active minutes. However, every 10 °C increase in average daily temperature was associated with 24% higher odds of a fall being injurious, as opposed to non-injurious (p = 0.04). The odds of an injurious fall occurring outdoors, as opposed to indoors, were greater with higher average temperatures (OR per 10 °C = 1.46, p = 0.03) and with the summer season (OR = 2.69 vs. winter, p = 0.03). Falls and physical activity should be understood as year-round issues for older adults, although the likelihood of injury and the location of fall-related injuries may change with warmer season and temperatures.

scholarly journals Relationship between Changes over Time in Factors, Including the Impact of Meteorology on Photochemical Oxidant Concentration and Causative Atmospheric Pollutants in Kawasaki

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Akinori Fukunaga ◽  
Takaharu Sato ◽  
Kazuki Fujita ◽  
Daisuke Yamada ◽  
Shinya Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Photochemical Oxidant ◽  
Oxidant Concentration ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

To clarify the relationship between changes in photochemical oxidants’ (Ox) concentrations and their precursors in Kawasaki, a series of analyses were conducted using data on Ox, their precursors, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and meteorology that had been monitored throughout the city of Kawasaki for 30 years from 1990 to 2019. The trend in air temperature was upward, wind speed was downward, and solar radiation was upward, indicating an increasing trend in meteorological factors in which Ox concentrations tend to be higher. Between 1990 and 2013, the annual average Ox increased throughout Kawasaki and remained flat after that. The three-year moving average of the daily peak increased until 2015, and after that, it exhibited a slight decline. The amount of generated Ox is another important indicator. To evaluate this, a new indicator, the daytime production of photochemical oxidant (DPOx), was proposed. DPOx is defined by daytime averaged Ox concentrations less the previous day’s nighttime averaged Ox concentrations. The trend in DPOx from April to October has been decreasing since around 2006, and it was found that this indicator reflects the impact of reducing emissions of NOx and VOCs in Kawasaki.

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