Detection of Zika virus in Anopheles stephensi Liston, 1901 (Diptera: Culicidae) in India - First report

ENTOMON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
M. S. Sasi ◽  
R. Rajendran ◽  
V. Meenakshy ◽  
T. Suresh ◽  
R. Heera Pillai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
The World ◽  
Native Place ◽  
Mansonia Uniformis

Zika virus (ZIKV) a mosquito-borne, causing acute febrile illness associated with rash, arthralgia and conjunctivitis in the patient, was reported from Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, as an outbreak with 83 cases. Entomological surveillance revealed the presence of aedine mosquitoes viz., Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), Ae. albopictus (Skuse, 1894) and Ae. vittatus (Bigot, 1861) and nonaedine mosquitoes viz., Anopheles stephensi Liston,1901, Mansonia uniformis (Theobald, 1901), Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901 and Cx. gelidus Theobald,1901. Aedes (Ae. aegypti, Ae. vittatus and Ae. Albopictus) mosquito larvae were high in the Zika affected areas. Moreover ZIKV was detected in An. stephensi mosquitoes collected from Parassala, Thiruvananthapuram (the native place of the first ZIKV confirmed case in the present outbreak in Kerala). Molecular diagnostics of Ae. Aegypti, Ae. vittatu and An. stephensi mosquitoes revealed that the species were loaded with ZIKV. Significantly this is the first ever report of ZIKV detecting in An. stephensi in the world. Aedes adults (male and female) and An. stephensi emerged from fourth instar larvae and pupae were found to have ZIKV, indicating transovarial transmission of the virus.

Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis in Cat Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) Collected from Dogs and Cats in Cauca, Colombia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Betancourt-Ruiz ◽  
Heidy-C Martínez-Díaz ◽  
Juliana Gil-Mora ◽  
Catalina Ospina ◽  
Luz-Adriana Olaya-M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Rickettsia Felis ◽  
Glta Gene ◽  
The World ◽  
Cat Fleas

Abstract Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) are flea-transmitted pathogens. They are important causes of acute febrile illness throughout the world. We, therefore, sought to identify the rickettsial species present in the fleas of dogs and cats in the department of Cauca, Colombia. In this study, we collected 1,242 fleas from 132 dogs and 43 fleas from 11 cats. All fleas were morphologically identified as Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché) adults and organized in pools for DNA extraction (234 pools from dogs and 11 from cats). The gltA gene from rickettsiae was targeted for screening amplification using conventional PCR. In total, 144 of the 245 pools (58.7%) were positive. The positive samples were then processed for the amplification of the 17kDa antigen gene (144/144; 100% positive) and sca5 gene (140/144; 97.2% positive). In addition, restriction enzyme length polymorphism analysis using NlaIV on the amplified product of the sca5 gene demonstrated several organisms: 21/140 (15%) were R. felis, 118/140 (84.3%) were Rickettsia asemboensis, and 1/140 (0.7%) were Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis. Subsequent sequencing confirmed Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis in C. felis collected from dogs the first reported from Colombia.

scholarly journals Confirmation of Zika virus infection through hospital-based sentinel surveillance of acute febrile illness in Uganda,  2014–2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 1248-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Timothy Kayiwa ◽  
Annet Martha Nankya ◽  
Irene Joyce Ataliba ◽  
Eric C. Mossel ◽  
Mary B. Crabtree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Zika Virus Infection

scholarly journals Zika virus in India: past, present and future

QJM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Gupta ◽  
P Kodan ◽  
K Baruah ◽  
M Soneja ◽  
A Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Aedes Mosquito ◽  
Ubiquitous Presence

Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus that presents with acute febrile illness associated with rash, arthralgia and conjunctivitis. After years of sporadic reports in Africa, the three major outbreaks of this disease occurred in Yap Islands (2007), French Polynesia (2013–14) and South Americas (2015–16). Although, serological surveys suggested the presence of ZIKV in India in 1950s, cross-reactivity could not be ruled out. The first four proven cases of ZIKV from India were reported in 2017. This was followed by major outbreaks in the states of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh in 2018. Fortunately, the outbreaks in India were not associated with neurological complications. These outbreaks in India highlighted the spread of this disease beyond geographical barriers owing to the growing globalization, increased travel and ubiquitous presence of its vector, the Aedes mosquito. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, clinical features and management of ZIKV in India.

scholarly journals Prediction of disease severity in young children presenting with acute febrile illness in resource-limited settings: a protocol for a prospective observational study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e045826
Author(s):  
Arjun Chandna ◽  
Endashaw M Aderie ◽  
Riris Ahmad ◽  
Eggi Arguni ◽  
Elizabeth A Ashley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Clinical Prediction ◽  
Open Access Journals

IntroductionIn rural and difficult-to-access settings, early and accurate recognition of febrile children at risk of progressing to serious illness could contribute to improved patient outcomes and better resource allocation. This study aims to develop a prognostic clinical prediction tool to assist community healthcare providers identify febrile children who might benefit from referral or admission for facility-based medical care.Methods and analysisThis prospective observational study will recruit at least 4900 paediatric inpatients and outpatients under the age of 5 years presenting with an acute febrile illness to seven hospitals in six countries across Asia. A venous blood sample and nasopharyngeal swab is collected from each participant and detailed clinical data recorded at presentation, and each day for the first 48 hours of admission for inpatients. Multianalyte assays are performed at reference laboratories to measure a panel of host biomarkers, as well as targeted aetiological investigations for common bacterial and viral pathogens. Clinical outcome is ascertained on day 2 and day 28.Presenting syndromes, clinical outcomes and aetiology of acute febrile illness will be described and compared across sites. Following the latest guidance in prediction model building, a prognostic clinical prediction model, combining simple clinical features and measurements of host biomarkers, will be derived and geographically externally validated. The performance of the model will be evaluated in specific presenting clinical syndromes and fever aetiologies.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received approval from all relevant international, national and institutional ethics committees. Written informed consent is provided by the caretaker of all participants. Results will be shared with local and national stakeholders, and disseminated via peer-reviewed open-access journals and scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT04285021.

scholarly journals Differential Laboratory Diagnosis of Acute Fever in Guinea: Preparedness for the Threat of Hemorrhagic Fevers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6022
Author(s):  
Vladimir G. Dedkov ◽  
N’Faly Magassouba ◽  
Olga A. Stukolova ◽  
Victoria A. Savina ◽  
Jakob Camara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Causative Pathogen ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Pathognomonic Sign

Acute febrile illnesses occur frequently in Guinea. Acute fever itself is not a unique, hallmark indication (pathognomonic sign) of any one illness or disease. In the infectious disease context, fever’s underlying cause can be a wide range of viral or bacterial pathogens, including the Ebola virus. In this study, molecular and serological methods were used to analyze samples from patients hospitalized with acute febrile illness in various regions of Guinea. This analysis was undertaken with the goal of accomplishing differential diagnosis (determination of causative pathogen) in such cases. As a result, a number of pathogens, both viral and bacterial, were identified in Guinea as causative agents behind acute febrile illness. In approximately 60% of the studied samples, however, a definitive determination could not be made.

scholarly journals Scrub Typhus and Molecular Characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi from Central Nepal

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Rajendra Gautam ◽  
Keshab Parajuli ◽  
Mythili Tadepalli ◽  
Stephen Graves ◽  
John Stenos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Orientia Tsutsugamushi ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Vector Borne

Scrub typhus is a vector-borne, acute febrile illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Scrub typhus continues to be an important but neglected tropical disease in Nepal. Information on this pathogen in Nepal is limited to serological surveys with little information available on molecular methods to detect O. tsutsugamushi. Limited information exists on the genetic diversity of this pathogen. A total of 282 blood samples were obtained from patients with suspected scrub typhus from central Nepal and 84 (30%) were positive for O. tsutsugamushi by 16S rRNA qPCR. Positive samples were further subjected to 56 kDa and 47 kDa molecular typing and molecularly compared to other O. tsutsugamushi strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Nepalese O. tsutsugamushi strains largely cluster together and cluster away from other O. tsutsugamushi strains from Asia and elsewhere. One exception was the sample of Nepal_1, with its partial 56 kDa sequence clustering more closely with non-Nepalese O. tsutsugamushi 56 kDa sequences, potentially indicating that homologous recombination may influence the genetic diversity of strains in this region. Knowledge on the circulating strains in Nepal is important to the development of diagnostic tests and vaccines to support public health measures to control scrub typhus in this country.

Respiratory Symptoms and Farming Practices in Farmers Associated With an Acute Febrile Illness After Organic Dust Exposure

CHEST Journal ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 1452-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Von Essen ◽  
Jon Fryzek ◽  
Bogdan Nowakowski ◽  
Mary Wampler
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Organic Dust ◽  
Farming Practices

Polymyositis Complicating Staphylococcal Septicaemia

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 149-150
Author(s):  
J. Hamilton ◽  
R.A. Sharp ◽  
J. M. Anderson ◽  
M. R. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Myopathy ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Similar Association

Inflammatory polymyositis can be precipitated by acute febrile illness of viral origin1, but similar association with pyogenic bacterial illness is not recognised. We describe two cases in which recovery from staphylococcal septicaemia was complicated by a widespread inflammatory myopathy.

Lymphadenitis as the Dominant Manifestation of Kawasaki Disease

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-528
Author(s):  
Julie Kim Stamos ◽  
Kathleen Corydon ◽  
James Donaldson ◽  
Stanford T. Shulman
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Conjunctival Injection ◽  
Coronary Abnormalities ◽  
Acquired Heart Disease ◽  
Mucosal Changes ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile illness primarily affecting infants and young children. Its importance relates to the fact that 20% to 25% of untreated patients develop coronary abnormalities that can lead to myocardial infarction or even to death.1 KD is a leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in many regions, including the United States.2 Because there are no specific diagnostic tests for KD, the diagnosis is established by the presence of fever and four of five criteria without other explanation for the illness: (1) nonexudative conjunctival injection; (2) oral mucosal changes; (3) changes of the peripheral extremities; (4) rash, primarily truncal; and (5) cervical lymphadenopathy.

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