scholarly journals Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Kayu Tumbuhan Biau (Psophocarpus sp.) Terhadap Bakteri Salmonella typhi Dan Shigella dysenteriae Penyebab Diare

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Oecy Mardianti ◽  
Welly Darwis ◽  
Mardhatillah Sariyanti
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Penelitian ini merupakan suatu studi ethnomedicine yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data ilmiah mengenai efek penggunaan kayu tumbuhan Biau sebagai salah satu obat diare yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat Suku Serawai di Kecamatan Pino Raya. Adapun yang menjadi latar belakang penulisan ini karena Data Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Bengkulu menunjukkan kasus diare mengalami peningkatan, yaitu sebanyak 50.622 kasus pada tahun 2016 dan 53.348 kasus pada tahun 2017. Selain itu, pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat juga dapat menjadi alternatif dalam mengatasi berbagai efek samping penggunaan antibiotik dan fenomena resistensi antibiotik yang semakin meluas.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi analitik eksperimental laboratorium dan menggunakan metode uji difusi cakram (disk diffusion test). Ekstraksi kayu tumbuhan Biau dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% selama 5 hari. Hasil ekstraksi kemudian dilakukan uji Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), dan dilanjutkan uji efektivitas. Parameter yang digunakan adalah diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk disekitar kertas cakram, dan kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah larutan antibiotik siprofloksasin.Hasil: Hasil uji MIC menunjukkan bahwa kayu tumbuhan Biau mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antibakteri yang dilanjutkan dengan pengujian efektivitas. Berdasarkan analisis statistik, konsentrasi 55% merupakan konsentrasi paling efektif untuk bakteri Salmonella typhi dengan diameter 6,20 mm termasuk dalam kategori sedang, dan konsentrasi paling efektif untuk bakteri Shigella dysenteriae adalah konsentrasi 70% dengan diameter 7,66 mm termasuk dalam kategori sedang yang ditandai dengan hasil statistik yang berbeda nyata.Kesimpulan: Ekstrak kayu tumbuhan Biau mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antibakteri dengan konsentrasi 55% sebagai konsentrasi paling efektif untuk bakteri Salmonella typhi dan konsentrasi 70% merupakan konsentrasi paling efektif untuk bakteri Shigella dysenteriae. Kata kunci: Kayu Biau (Psophocarpus sp.), Shigella dysenteriae dan Salmonella typhi. ABSTRACTBackgound: This research is a study of ethnomedicine that aims to obtain scientific data about the effects of the use of Biau wood as one remedy of diarrhea that is widely used by the people of the Serawai Tribe in Pino Raya sub-district. The background of this research is Data from public health office in Bengkulu Province showed that cases of diarrhea have increased from 50,622 cases in 2016 and became 53,348 cases in 2017. In addition, the utilization of medicinal plants can also be an alternative to resolve the various side effects of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance phenomenon which is increasingly widespread.Methods: This type of research is a laboratory experimental analytical study and used a disk diffusion test method. Extraction of Biau plant wood was done by maceration method using 96% ethanol for 5 days. The extraction results then used to Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay, then effectiveness assay in which both of these assay looked the diameter of inhibition zone formed around the disc paper, and the positive control used ciprofloxacin antibiotic as comparison.Results: MIC test results showed that Biau plant wood had an antibacterial activity which followed by effectiveness assay. Based on the statistical analysis showed that 55% of concentration was the most effective for Salmonella typhi with a diameter of 6.20 mm included in the moderate category and 70% of concentration was the most effective for Shigella dysenteriae with a diameter of 7.66 mm included in the moderate category which was marked by statistically different results.Conclusion: Biau wood extract had an activity as an antibacterial with a concentration of 55% as the most effective concentration for Salmonella typhi and a concentration of 70% as the most effective concentration for Shigella dysenteriae. Keywords: Biau wood (Psophocarpus sp.), Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhi.

scholarly journals Uji Bioaktivitas Ekstrak Buah Sawo Manila (Manilkara Zapota) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Salmonella Typhi

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Subakhir Salnus ◽  
Nurhamsiah
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Manilkara Zapota ◽  
Know How ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

This research was conducted bioactivities by using raw fruits of sapodilla sapota (Manilkara zapota) as a drag growth media of Salmonella typhi bacteria causes typhoid fever disease. Salmonella typhi is a species of bacteria that are gram-negative bacilli shaped, facultative, aerobic, moving with a single pertrich. Sapdilla sapota has antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhi, because it contains a variety of secondary metabolite compounds such as saponins, tannins and flavonoids.  The purpose of this research was to know how efective the raw fruits of sapodilla sapota (Manilkara zapota) against the growth of Salmonella typhi. This is an laboratory research by using diffusion test method. The sample of this research is to extract the fruit of sapodilla sapota (Manilkara zapota) crude. The results of this research, are 35% concentration of extract cannot be formed drag zone (0 mm), but in 40, 45, 50 and 55% of concentration there are had drag zone (9 mm, 13 mm, 13.5 mm, and 18 mm). this can be said that the raw fruit of sapodilla sapota extract can inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria can be done, then the next extension to the sufferers of the disease typhus to consume raw fruits of sapodilla sapota so that can reduce the growth of bacteria.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Mannitol Salt Agar for Detection of Oxacillin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by Disk Diffusion and Agar Screening

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 2254-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Kampf ◽  
Christoph Lecke ◽  
Ann-Katrin Cimbal ◽  
Klaus Weist ◽  
Henning Rüden
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance

Mannitol salt agar was evaluated for detection of oxacillin resistance in 136 Staphylococcus aureus isolates. AllmecA-positive isolates (n = 54) were correctly categorized as oxacillin resistant by the disk diffusion test (1-μg disk; zone diameter, <16 mm); the specificity was 97.6%. Agar screening (2 μg of oxacillin per ml) revealed a sensitivity of 98.1% and a specificity of 95.1%.

An alternative disk diffusion test in broth and macrodilution method for colistin susceptibility in Enterobacteriales

2019 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 105765
Author(s):  
López-Jácome Luis Esaú ◽  
Rengel-Garcia Christian Rodolfo ◽  
Hernández-Durán Melissa ◽  
Colín-Castro Claudia Adriana ◽  
García-Contreras Rodolfo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test

scholarly journals Ceftaroline resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius gene mecA carriers

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 2233-2236
Author(s):  
Carolina B. Scherer ◽  
Larissa S. Botoni ◽  
Antônio U. Carvalho ◽  
Kelly M. Keller ◽  
Adriane P. Costa-Val
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
Ceftaroline Fosamil ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Current Report

ABSTRACT: Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) being a constant concern, ceftaroline fosamil has been recently approved as a new cephalosporin, active against MRSA, for use in humans; only rare cases of resistance have been reported till date. There is no report of resistance to ceftaroline in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, which is the main bacterium causing dermatitis and otitis in dogs. To evaluate staphylococcal resistance to ceftaroline, 35 isolates of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP), carrying the mecA gene, from 26 dogs with folliculitis and nine dogs with external otitis, underwent disk diffusion test with cefoxitin, oxacillin, and ceftaroline. Tests with cefoxitin and oxacillin showed > 90% sensitivity in methicillin resistance detection. In the disk diffusion test, 97.14% (34/35) were resistant to cefoxitin, 94.29% (33/35) to oxacillin, and 31.43% (11/35) to ceftaroline. Of the ceftaroline-resistant strains, 27.27% (3/11) were obtained from the ears of dogs while the rest (8/11) were from the skin. The current report is the first description of MRSP resistance to ceftaroline.

scholarly journals Ceftazidime-avibactam and Meropenem Double Disk Diffusion Test for Identifying Carbapanem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Distinguishing Between Serine and Metallo-β-Lactamase Producing Organisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S375-S375
Author(s):  
Lynn-Yao Lin ◽  
Ian Critchley ◽  
David Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
The Us ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background Early detection of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE) is crucial for selection of effective treatment. While KPC is the most prevalent carbapenemase in the US, phenotypic screening methods, such as the carbapenemase inactivation method (CIM) and CarbaNP, cannot easily distinguish between serine and metallo-β-lactamases (MBL). The aim of this study was to evaluate a simple double disk diffusion (DD) test to confirm carbapenem (meropenem) resistance (MER disk) and that resistance was due to a serine carbapenemase as indicated by susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI disk). MBL-producing organisms are likely to be resistant to both MER and CAZ-AVI. Methods In total, 83 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were selected for the validation: 54 Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), 16 Enterobacter cloacae (ECL) and 13 Escherichia coli (EC). All isolates were screened for specific β-lactamase genes (Checkpoints, Wageningen, Netherlands) and included KPC, OXA, IMP, VIM, NDM as well as strains with KPC and alterations on OmpK35 and OmpK36. Isolates were tested for susceptibility to MER and CAZ-AVI by disk diffusion and broth microdilution (BMD) per CLSI guidelines. Results were analyzed to evaluate suitability of the DD test to distinguish between serine and MBL-producing organisms. Results Overall correlation between disk and BMD was 97–100% for CAZ-AVI and 94–100% for MER. Among the 50 CRE that were susceptible to CAZ-AVI were strains positive for KPC, or OXA, or in combination with ESBLs. Among the 16 isolates that were resistant to both CAZ-AVI and MER were strains that produced MBLs such as IMP, VIM and NDM and included strains with alteration in OmpK35 and OmpK36. Among the 17 carbapenem-susceptible control strains all were susceptible to both agents and were positive for AmpC or ESBLs. Conclusion The CAZ-AVI and MER DD test was successful in confirming CRE phenotype and in distinguishing between serine carbapenemase-producing and MBL-producing organisms. The test will be useful in screening patients in future trials to evaluate the efficacy of CAZ-AVI in global CRE studies where MBL’s are more prevalent in other geographic regions. Both disks are commercially available and can be performed in most clinical laboratories. Disclosures L. Y. Lin, Allergan plc: Employee, Salary; I. Critchley, Allergan plc: Employee, Salary; D. Melnick, Allergan plc: Employee, Salary

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Fluconazole and Voriconazole against Clinical Isolates of Candida spp. Determined by Disk Diffusion Testing in Turin, Italy

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1657-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narcisa Mandras ◽  
Vivian Tullio ◽  
Valeria Allizond ◽  
Daniela Scalas ◽  
Giuliana Banche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Disk Diffusion Testing ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant

ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of fluconazole and voriconazole against 1,024 clinical isolates of Candida spp. were determined by the agar disk diffusion test using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M44-A guidelines. The results of this investigation demonstrated the broad-spectrum in vitro activity of voriconazole, relative to that of fluconazole, against yeasts tested, in particular fluconazole-resistant isolates, such as Candida krusei that showed high susceptibility to voriconazole. The situation in Turin, Italy, is quite similar to that of the rest of Italy, reflecting the worldwide trend.

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