scholarly journals Water Supply Services to Cities in Spain and the Debate on Private Participation in Their Management: Which Is More Efficient?

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Private Participation ◽  
Water Supply Services

Water Supply Services in Spanish Cities and the Debate on Private Participation in Their Management: Which Model is Most Efficient?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Sevilla-Jimenez ◽  
Teresa Torregrosa ◽  
Julian López-Milla ◽  
Jose Perles-Ribes
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Municipal Services ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Private Participation ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
Concession Contract ◽  
Water Supply Services

Abstract Supplying water to the population is one of the fundamental services of any Spanish city given the importance of the good itself, regardless of how it is managed. However, it is sometimes seen more as a source of extra finance for the municipality, and, in recent years, as an issue of political debate in terms of the adequacy of one form of management or another: public or private. Currently, 35% of Spain's population is supplied by public specialised entities, 33% by private companies under a concession contract, 22% by mixed companies and 10% by undifferentiated municipal services. In simple terms, 45% corresponds to public management and 55% is fully or partially managed by the private sector. By analysing the annual accounts of the companies that operate in the Spain's principal municipalities, this study seeks to determine the role played by the private sector in the management of the mixed companies. Due to the diversity of services provided by these companies and the lack of differentiated statistics for each of them, we have used the Annual Accounts presented to the Central Mercantile Register or the data submitted to the Ministry of Finance in order to assess the influence of private participation on the results of the companies.

scholarly journals Private Actors, Public Goods and Responsibility for the Right to Water in International Investment Law: An Analysis of Urbaser v. Argentina

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Edward Guntrip
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
International Investment Law ◽  
Investment Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Water Supply Services

International investment law balances public and private interests within the broader framework of international law. Consequently, when water supply services, which constitute a public good, are privatized and operated by foreign investors, questions arise regarding whether foreign investors could be held responsible for the right to water under international law. This article considers how the tribunal in Urbaser v. Argentina allocated responsibility for compliance with the right to water between the host State and the foreign investor when resolving a dispute over privatized water services. It highlights how the tribunal in Urbaser v. Argentina supports different understandings of public and private based on whether the human rights obligation is framed in terms of the duty to respect or protect. The article argues that the tribunal’s rationale overcomplicates the process of allocating responsibility for violations of the human right to water when water supply services have been privatized.

scholarly journals Programa Cisterna nas Escolas: estudo de caso na Microrregião Serrana dos Quilombos no estado de Alagoas, Brasil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Elvis Pantaleão Ferreira ◽  
José Thales Pantaleão Ferreira ◽  
Fabiana De Souza Pantaleão
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
The State ◽  
Report Cards ◽  
Public System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Water Supply Services

O Projeto Cisternas nas Escolas objetiva o fornecimento de água para as escolas rurais do Semiárido, utilizando ações estruturais mediante concepção de cisternas como tecnologia social para armazenamento de água pluvial, e ações não estruturais por meio de práticas educativas contextualizadas. Este trabalho objetiva apresentar um pioneiro diagnóstico da infraestrutura dos serviços de abastecimento de água as escolas rurais em que foram implantadas cisternas do Programa Cisternas nas Escolas na Microrregião Serrana dos Quilombos, no estado de Alagoas, especificamente no município de Santana do Mundaú, utilizando-se como metodologia a pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, com emprego de entrevista semiestruturada e não estruturada, além do uso de questionário, fichas-relatório e registros fotográficos. Das cisternas implantadas nas escolas, apenas uma está sendo parcialmente utilizada. Estão todas elas totalmente desprovidas de acompanhamento técnico, sendo possível perceber a falta de interesse do executivo municipal na promoção da manutenção desses equipamentos. São fundamentais ações que elevem o empoderamento social a essas construções.  Cistern in Schools Program: case study in the mountainous microregion of quilombos in the state of Alagoas, Brazil The reality of many rural schools in the public system presents a still worrying scenario regarding access to water. The Cisterns in Schools Project aims to provide water for rural schools in the Semi-Arid and priority areas located in indigenous villages and quilombola communities, using structural actions through the design of cisterns as social technology for rainwater storage, and non-structural actions through contextualized educational practices. The work aims to present a pioneering diagnosis of the infrastructure of water supply services to rural schools in which cisterns of the Cisterns in Schools Program were implemented in the mountainous dos Quilombos Microregion in the state of Alagoas, specifically in the municipality of Santana do Mandau. The methodology was based on exploratory and qualitative research using semi-structured and unstructured interviews, using a questionnaire, report cards and photographic records. Of the cisterns installed in schools, only one is being partially used. They are all totally devoid of technical monitoring, being possible to perceive the lack of interest of the municipal executive in promoting the maintenance of this equipment. Keywords: Water supply, Education, Health.

scholarly journals Rapid Performance Evaluation of Water Supply Services for Strategic Planning

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1197-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulfam Shahzad ◽  
Rashid Rehan ◽  
Muhammad Fahim
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
System A ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Interactive Map ◽  
Water Supply Services

The assessment of existing water supply services was carried out through selected performance indicators with the aim of using that data in future for strategic planning of urban Mardan. The key performance indictors studied were selected to assess both the quantity and quality of water. The quality of water was assessed by turbidity, pH, and E-coli tests for samples collected at the start, middle, and tail end of the distribution system. The quantity of water supplied was measured by calculating discharges from water tapes at the three selected locations in the distribution system. A total of thirty samples were collected from ten union councils out of fourteen covering urban Mardan. A number of issues are highlighted in the overall water supply infrastructure and short, mid, and long term remedial measures are recommended. The results are presented in the form of an interactive map using Google Earth and VBA based dynamic database. It was found that the overall quality of water is generally acceptable for drinking. However, the presence of bacteria is an issue in many cases which needs to be resolved. A significant decrease in discharge is observed in the distribution systems away from the source due to leakages and illegal connections. A comprehensive overhaul of both management and infrastructure is required for sustainable and satisfactory level of services.

scholarly journals Critical Factors for the Success of Rural Water Supply Services in Brazil

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2180
Author(s):  
Anna V. M. Machado ◽  
João A. N. dos Santos ◽  
Norbertho da S. Quindeler ◽  
Lucas M. C. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Water Supply Services

The universalization of drinking water in rural communities poses a great challenge to developing countries, where rural areas often receive poor water service coverage and limited attention from authorities. This scenario is the current reality in Brazil. The community management model of rural water services has proven to be a noteworthy approach to ensure the continuity of water supply where private and public entities do not operate. However, its sustainability depends on several aspects. The authors of the current paper performed a thorough review of relevant publications in the rural sanitation field of study using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) methodology, which enabled the creation of a list of essential factors capable to ensure the sustainability of Rural Water Supply Services (RWSS). Using the Nominal Group Technique with a selection of participants from a national conference held in Brazil in 2015, specialists hierarchized the factors, demonstrating their perception of the most important aspects necessary in RWSS throughout Brazil. Consequently, the authors noticed the necessity of a strong enabling environment, which recognizes small communities and their local services. Water quality control, post-construction support and the existence of a financial scheme were also pointed out as important aspects to ensure RWSS’s sustainability.

Performance Indicators for Water Supply Services: Third Edition

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (0) ◽  
pp. 9781780406336-9781780406336 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Alegre ◽  
J. M. Baptista ◽  
E. Cabrera ◽  
F. Cubillo ◽  
P. Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Water Supply Services
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