scholarly journals Estrus induction in the non-breeding season is not associated with hydrometra in dairy goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e21101119162
Author(s):  
Ana Lucia Rosa e Silva Maia ◽  
Joanna Maria Gonçalves Souza-Fabjan ◽  
Paulo Sergio Cerqueira Rangel ◽  
Luana Rangel Côrtes ◽  
Maria Emilia Franco Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Control Light ◽  
And Control

This study aimed to compare the prevalence of hydrometra (HD) at the end of the reproductive season in goats subjected (HORM and LIGHT) or not (Control-HORM and Control-LIGHT) to estrus induction by either hormonal protocol or light program, respectively, in the non-breeding season. HORM-goats received intravaginal sponges (six days) associated with cloprostenol plus eCG 24 h before sponge removal while LIGHT-goats were submitted to 16 h of light and 8 h of darkness for 60 days. Pregnant goats from both groups gave birth at the early reproductive season and were evaluated by transrectal ultrasound ~45 days after the end of the season. The control goats (Control-HORM and Control-LIGHT) were also examined. There was no difference in the prevalence of HD between goats from HORM (8/31; 25.8%) compared to Control-HORM (4/26; 15.4%), or LIGHT (9/54; 16.7%) compared to Control-LIGHT (7/51; 13.7%), as well as between HORM and LIGHT groups. In conclusion, estrus induction with both hormonal and light protocols is not associated with the development of HD in dairy goats.

scholarly journals 338 SYNCHRONISATION OF OVULATION IN MERINO EWES WITH GnRH IN THE BREEDING AND NON-BREEDING SEASON

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
J. Reyna ◽  
P. Thomson ◽  
G. Evans ◽  
C. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
And Control

The objective was to determine the effect of GnRH as an aid to synchronise the time of ovulation in Merino ewes during the non-breeding and breeding seasons as determined by transrectal ultrasound. Oestrus was synchronized in 20 nulliparous Merino ewes (11–12 months old; 2 replicates of 10 animals) during spring 2003 and autumn 2004 at Camden, NSW, Australia, using FGA sponges for 12 days (30 mg Ovagest, Bioniche Pty. Ltd., Armidale, NSW) and an i.m. injection of 400 IU of PMSG (Pregnecol, Bioniche Pty. Ltd., Armidale, NSW). Ultrasound evaluations of ovaries were recorded on VHS tapes every 12 h for 36 h starting at sponge removal (SR), then half of the animals received an i.m. injection of 40 μg synthetic GnRH (Fertagyl, Intervet Australia Pty. Ltd, Bendigo, VIC) and ultrasound evaluations were conducted every 6 h until 60 h. The positions of the largest follicles were recorded on ovarian maps and their growth was monitored. Time of ovulation was defined as the time of disappearance of the largest follicle from the ovary. Ten days after ovulation, the position and diameter of the CL was confirmed by ultrasound. Comparisons were made between treated and control animals, and between breeding and non-breeding seasons, using t-tests. During the non-breeding season ovulation took place from 42 to 54 h (mean 48 ± 2.83 h) vs. 42 to 60 h (mean 52.2 ± 5.69 h) after SR in GnRH-treated vs. control animals (P < 0.05), respectively. Ovulation was delayed in the breeding compared with the non-breeding season (P < 0.05), starting from 48 to 60 h after SR for treated (52.8 ± 3.79 h) and control animals (57.0 ± 4.24 h; P < 0.05). These results suggest that GnRH synchronized the time of ovulation compared with the controls but the time of ovulation was later in the breeding than in the non-breeding season.

23 INDUCTION OF ESTRUS IN CYCLIC ALPINE GOATS WITH SHORT-TERM PROGESTAGEN PROTOCOLS WITH OR WITHOUT eCG ADMINISTRATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Fonseca ◽  
J. M. G. Souza ◽  
J. H. Bruschi ◽  
J. H. M. Viana ◽  
F. Z. Brandão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Foreign Protein ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Estrus Response ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles

Depending on the season, estrus can be efficiently induced using male effect, melatonin implants, light controlled programs, prostaglandin, progestagens, and gonadotrophins. The eCG is the most used hormone employed in estrus induction protocols in goats. However, as eCG is a foreign protein, a humoral immune response (i.e. antibody formation) is displayed in goats, which tends to reduce the efficiency of eCG when successively administered. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of omitting the administration of eCG to induce estrus in Alpine goats during the breeding season in herds submitted to successive hormonal estrus induction. This study was done in April (local breeding season) of 2009 in Florestal/MG, Brazil. Nulliparous (n = 10) and pluriparous (n = 10) Alpine goats were equally assigned to receive (Day 0) MAP 60 mg intravaginal sponges (Progespon®, Schering Plough Animal Health, São Paulo, Brazil) for 6 days and 50 μg D-cloprostenol (Ciosin®, Schering Plough Animal Health) i.m. with (T1) or without (T2) 200 IU of eCG (Novormon 5000®, Schering Plough Animal Health) i.m. 24 h before sponge removal. Transrectal ultrasound (5 MHz probe, Aloka SSD 500®, Tokyo, Japan) was done at 12-h intervals until 72 h after sponge removal. All goats underwent timed AI 55 h after sponge removal according to expected ovulation (Menchaca et al. 2007 Anim. Reprod. Sci. 102, 76-87). Statistical analysis was performed using all tests at the 95% confidence interval (SAEG® program, Funarbe, Viçosa, Brasil). Data are reported as percentage or mean ± SD. The following results for T1 or T2 animals (respectively) were observed: estrus response (80 and 80%), goats ovulating (80 and 100%), interval from sponge removal to estrus onset (46.0 ± 17.0 and 53.5 ± 18.1 h) and to ovulation (58.8 ± 6.2 and 66.0 ± 9.8 h), interval from estrus onset to ovulation (26.0 ± 8.5 and 26.0 ± 0.7 h), diameter of ovulatory follicles (7.1 ± 0.6 and 7.4 ± 0.9 mm), number of ovulations (1.7 ± 0.8 and 1.8 ± 0.9 h), intervals from sponge removal to insemination (56.9 ± 2.3 and 58.2 ± 1.2 h) and from estrus onset to insemination (10.9 ± 14.5 and 4.6 ± 16.1h) and pregnancy rate (20 and 40%). Eight goats were inseminated at 17 to 23 h after estrus onset, which resulted in 50% pregnancy rate, and the other 2 pregnant goats were inseminated without being detected in estrus. In Brazil, dairy goats are inseminated with frozen-thawed semen 12 to 24 h after estrus onset or 42 to 55 h after sponge removal. Thus, for Alpine goats, this study suggests that earlier AI time should be avoided. However, under heat detection, AI at 18 to 24 h can be indicated. Ovarian ultrasonography of goats submitted to estrus induction gives great information of ovulation time relative to device removal and to estrus onset, which can optimize AI efficiency. In herds with successive estrus induction this kind of information could indicate an error in the common times currently used in AI programs in goats in Brazil. Financial support: Embrapa Goats and Sheep, CNPq and FAPEMIG.

scholarly journals Tuning flavin environment to detect and control light-induced conformational switching in Drosophila cryptochrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddarth Chandrasekaran ◽  
Connor M. Schneps ◽  
Robert Dunleavy ◽  
Changfan Lin ◽  
Cristina C. DeOliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Reactions ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Conformational Switching ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Degradation Activity ◽  
Recognition Motifs ◽  
Cellular Turnover ◽  
Control Light ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
And Control

AbstractLight-induction of an anionic semiquinone (SQ) flavin radical in Drosophila cryptochrome (dCRY) alters the dCRY conformation to promote binding and degradation of the circadian clock protein Timeless (TIM). Specific peptide ligation with sortase A attaches a nitroxide spin-probe to the dCRY C-terminal tail (CTT) while avoiding deleterious side reactions. Pulse dipolar electron-spin resonance spectroscopy from the CTT nitroxide to the SQ shows that flavin photoreduction shifts the CTT ~1 nm and increases its motion, without causing full displacement from the protein. dCRY engineered to form the neutral SQ serves as a dark-state proxy to reveal that the CTT remains docked when the flavin ring is reduced but uncharged. Substitutions of flavin-proximal His378 promote CTT undocking in the dark or diminish undocking in the light, consistent with molecular dynamics simulations and TIM degradation activity. The His378 variants inform on recognition motifs for dCRY cellular turnover and strategies for developing optogenetic tools.

scholarly journals 75 Epigenetic marks within the swine placenta are differentially expressed due to season

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
Robin Cheek ◽  
Lea A Rempel ◽  
Jeremy Miles
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Chromatin Modification ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Downstream Targets ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Expression Platform ◽  
Semen Storage ◽  
And Control

Abstract The objective of the current project was to validate expression of known chromatin modification genes and assess downstream targets in d45 swine placenta derived from seasonal semen collections and breedings and semen storage. Six treatment groups were developed based upon: season of semen collection (cool or warm), storage of semen (cooled-extended or cryopreserved), and season of breeding (summer or winter) with 8 litters per group as follows: 1) cool/cooled-extended/winter, 2) cool/cryopreserved/winter, 3) warm/cryopreserved/winter, 4) warm/cooled-extended/summer, 5) warm/cooled-extended/summer, and 6) cool/cryopreserved/summer. RNA was extracted from the placenta of a small, medium, and large fetus from each litter, pooled by litter, reverse transcribed, and used for qPCR. Three genes; ATF2, ASH2L, and SMYD3, were validated. Downstream gene targets, ILIB and NANOG, were also tested. Interactions and main effects were tested using the mixed procedure of SAS with boar as a random effect. Placental ASH2L had a tendency for increased expression from summer breedings (P &gt;0.05), similar to previous findings using a different expression platform. Placental expression of ATF2 was greatest (P&lt; 0.05) from placenta derived by summer breedings. A downstream target of ATF2, ILIB, had greater (P&lt; 0.05) placental expression from summer breedings and semen that was cooled-extended as compared to cryopreserved (P&lt; 0.05). Validation of placental expression of SMYD3 was greater from cooled-extended semen in contrast to cryopreserved semen (P&lt; 0.05). These data were unexpected, as previously we determined a difference by breeding season only. However, NANOG, downstream of SMYD3, had greater placental expression from summer breedings (P&lt; 0.05). The current study validated previous results indicating chromatin modification genes were primarily influenced predominantly by breeding season and to a lesser extent, semen storage techniques. Downstream targets were also influenced by breeding season likely influencing prenatal development. These data support that epigenetic modifications persist, even though modern swine systems regulate and control temperature and lighting.

Building superlattices from individual nanoparticles via template-confined DNA-mediated assembly

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 359 (6376) ◽  
pp. 669-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Yuan Lin ◽  
Jarad A. Mason ◽  
Zhongyang Li ◽  
Wenjie Zhou ◽  
Matthew N. O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Materials ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Gold Surface ◽  
Broadband Absorber ◽  
Dynamic Tuning ◽  
Locked Nucleic Acids ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Control Light ◽  
And Control ◽  
Individual Nanoparticles

DNA programmable assembly has been combined with top-down lithography to construct superlattices of discrete, reconfigurable nanoparticle architectures on a gold surface over large areas. Specifically, the assembly of individual colloidal plasmonic nanoparticles with different shapes and sizes is controlled by oligonucleotides containing “locked” nucleic acids and confined environments provided by polymer pores to yield oriented architectures that feature tunable arrangements and independently controllable distances at both nanometer- and micrometer-length scales. These structures, which would be difficult to construct by other common assembly methods, provide a platform to systematically study and control light-matter interactions in nanoparticle-based optical materials. The generality and potential of this approach are explored by identifying a broadband absorber with a solvent polarity response that allows dynamic tuning of visible light absorption.

Syphacia obvelata infections and reproduction of male domestic mice Mus musculus domesticus on a sub-Antarctic Island

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pisanu ◽  
J.-L. Chapuis ◽  
R. Périn
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Male Activity ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Activity Indices

AbstractThe reproductive activity of feral male mice on an island of the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen archipelago was influenced by biological factors depending on periods within the breeding season. After having controlled host reproductive activity indices for body size, i.e. age, and body condition effects, Syphacia obvelata prevalence did not vary with host reproductive status or age either during the beginning or the middle–end of the reproductive season. Considering the beginning of the breeding season, worm abundance was more pronounced in males the year following a strong winter crash of the population than in years when high over wintering survival occurred. During the middle–end of the breeding season, males with the highest reproductive status were more infected than males with a lower reproductive status in years when oldest individuals dominated the population. It is suggested that this situation was due to an endocrine related increased host susceptibility partly influenced by a change in the age structure of the population, and that an increase in worm transmission was not directly related to male activity concurrent with reproductive status, nor to population density.

Effect of zeranol implants on age at onset of puberty, fertility and embryo fetal mortality in beef heifers

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. King ◽  
R. N. Kirkwood ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
G. A. Bo ◽  
C. Lulai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Fetal Mortality ◽  
Diagnostic Ultrasonography ◽  
Beef Heifer ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Thirty-three cross-bred beef heifer calves were implanted with zeranol (36 mg) at birth, 100 and 300 d of age and 40 heifer calves remained as untreated controls. Heifers were examined rectally by diagnostic ultrasonography every 14 d from 10 to 14 mo of age and then, every 21 d until the end of test (100 d after exposure to bulls). The presence of a CL, diameter of the largest follicle, total number of follicles ≥ 3 mm, diameter of the right uterine horn and age at puberty were recorded. At 15 mo heifers were exposed to bulls for 63 d. Mean (± SEM) age at onset of puberty in zeranol-implanted heifers (420 ± 8.9 d) was greater than control heifers (362 ± 6.2 d; P < 0.05). The diameter of the largest follicle was smaller (P < 0.05) in pre-pubertal zeranol-implanted heiferes than in pre-pubertal control heifers between 10 and 14 mo of age and at puberty. Within the zeranol-implanted heifers, the diameter of the largest follicle was smaller in pre-pubertal (P < 0.05) than pubertal heifers until 14 mo of age. The uterine diameter of zeranol-implaned heifers was smaller (P < 0.05) than that of control heifers during all examinations prior to breeding. Pubertal heifers had a larger (P < 0.05) uterine diameter than pre-pubertal heifers. Pregnancy rate after the first 21-d period of the breeding season and at the end of test was higher (P < 0.001) for control than for zeranol-implanted heifers (82.5 and 100%, respectively and 24 and 42.5%, respectively). Pregnancy loss in zeranol-implanted heifers was 37.5% compared with 0% for control heifers (P < 0.001). Heifers that became pregnant during the first 21 d of the breeding season had reached puberty earlier (396.9 ± 12.5 and 358.7 ± 6.4 d of age for zeranol-implanted and control heifers, respectively) than heifers not conceiving in the first 21 d (472.8 ± 10.8 d and 380.0 ± 17.7 d for zeranol-implanted and control heifers, respectively; P < 0.05). Heifers that became pregnant during the first 21 d of the breeding season had a larger (P < 0.001) uterine diameter (18.17 ± 0.21 mm) than non-pregnant heifers (16.28 ± 0.36 mm). Within the zeranol-implanted group, pregnant heifers had a larger (P < 0.05) uterine diameter (17.75 ± 0.05 mm) than non-pregnant heifers (15.78 ± 0.38 mm). Heifers that were not pregnant at the end of test began cycling later and had a numerically smaller uterine diameter than pregnant heifers (430 ± 17.5 d vs. 374.7 ± 6.2 d; and 15.1 ± 0.6 mm vs. 17.3 ± 0.24 mm, respectively), however these differences were not significant (P > 0.05). It was concluded that zeranol implants from birth delay the onset of puberty and decrease uterine horn diameter. Futhermore, the lower pregnancy rate in zeranol-implanted heiferes 100 d after exposure to bulls was caused by failure to cycle early in life, and in those that were cycling, failure to conceive and abortions between 25 and 45 d of gestation. Key words: Zeranol, bovine, puberty, fertility, uterine diameter, ultrasonography

Use of two cloprostenol administrations 11.5 days apart efficiently synchronizes oestrus in photostimulated multiparous dairy goats in the non‐breeding season

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 965-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Monteiro Netto ◽  
Mario Felipe Alvarez Balaro ◽  
Isabel Oliveira Cosentino ◽  
Caroline Gomes Espírito Santo ◽  
Rodrigo Vasconcelos Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Dairy Goats

scholarly journals Tuning Plasmon Induced Reflectance with Hybrid Metasurfaces

Photonics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin Habib ◽  
Ekmel Ozbay ◽  
Humeyra Caglayan
Keyword(s):  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Fdtd Method ◽  
Spectral Contrast ◽  
Design Flexibility ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Control Light ◽  
And Control ◽  
Difference Time ◽  
Total Shift

Electrically tunable metasurfaces with graphene offer design flexibility to efficiently manipulate and control light. These metasurfaces can be used to generate plasmon-induced reflectance (PIR), which can be tuned by electrostatic doping of the graphene layer. We numerically investigated two designs for tunable PIR devices using the finite difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The first design is based on two rectangular antennas of the same size and a disk; in the second design, two parallel rectangular antennas with different dimensions are used. The PIR-effect was achieved by weak hybridization of two bright modes in both devices and tuned by changing the Fermi level of graphene. A total shift of ∼362 nm was observed in the design with the modulation depth of 53% and a spectral contrast ratio of 76%. These tunable PIR devices can be used for tunable enhanced biosensing and switchable systems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document