202 W dual-end-pumped Tm:YLF laser with a VBG as an output coupler

We demonstrated a 202 W Tm:YLF slab laser using a reflecting volume Bragg grating (VBG) as an output coupler at room temperature. Two kinds of active heat dissipation methods were used for the VBG to suppress the shift of wavelength caused by its increasing temperature. The maximum continuous wave (CW) output power of 202 W using the microchannel cooling was obtained under the total incident pump power of 553 W, the corresponding slope efficiency and optical-to-optical conversion efficiency were 39.7% and 36.5%, respectively. The central wavelength was 1908.5 nm with the linewidth (full width at half maximum) of 0.57 nm. Meanwhile, with the laser output increasing from 30 to 202 W, the total shift was about 1.0 nm, and the wavelength was limited to two water absorption lines near 1908 nm. The beam quality factors M2 were measured to be 2.3 and 4.0 in x and y directions at 202 W.

Going Beyond Incrementalism: Climate Projects’ Beneficiaries’ Perspective on What Could Be Described as Transformational Adaptation

The concept of transformational adaptation is increasingly becoming a buzzword in the field of political ecology or the emerging sub-field of climate change governance. However, what kind of adaptation to climate impact can best be described as transformational? This question is not fully answered, since the concept is still at an embryonic stage of life. In this article, the concept is diagnosed bottom-up—exclusively from the perspective of adaptation project beneficiaries. The question is asked: what kind of adaptation project intervention and outcome do you consider transformational? How is transformational adaptation different from incremental adaptation? Through an interpretive research paradigm, some selected adaptation projects from Ghana were used as a case study. According to the interviewees, climate change adaptation interventions that create a systematic shift in livelihood to a more sustainable option, create equitable power structures that influence adaptive decision-making, minimise vulnerability and create opportunity for scaling up could be described as transformational. Specifically, it was found that project beneficiaries consider transformational adaptation strategies that encourage and support a total shift in livelihood (e.g., from rice farming to snail rearing) as transformational. On the basis of the data, the study concludes, though with some cautious optimism, that transformational adaptation could spur innovations and diffusion of ideas and create a path for poverty reduction.

Analisis dan Kontribusi Sektor Basis Non-Basis: Penentu Potensi Produk Unggulan Kabupaten Kebumen

The research method used in this study is LQ Analysis to determine changes in the structure/performance of the regional economy to a higher economic structure (provincial or national) as a reference and Shift Share Analysis to determine the performance or work productivity of the regional economy by comparing it with larger regions (regional or national level). This study takes secondary data obtained from BPS data. Based on the results of the study note that (1) the commodity of Corn, Cassava, Sweet Potatoes, Peanuts, and Soybeans have a number of LQ> 1. These results describe these five products being the base products in Kebumen Regency. Calculation of total shift-share that triggers rapid growth for Kebumen Regency is the commodity of paddy, maize, cassava, soybeans, and green beans. While sweet potatoes and peanuts have not been able to trigger growth in the growth of the food crops sub-sector in Kebumen Regency

Kepunahan Bahasa Dalam Aspek Sosiolingustik

Language extinction Is a total shift in one language and that shift from one language to another, not from one language to another in one language, meaning the first language that was originally used by a speech joint (community language users become extinct because the speech jokes favor second languages (totally leaving their first language), or because the disappearance of the language user community that occurs due to natural disasters and such. Because many things cause the extinction of a language, namely there are four: First, the speakers think of themselves as socially inferior. Second, attachment to the past. Third, the traditional and Fourth side, because economically life is stagnant. But apart from all that, there are also efforts that can be made to prevent and prevent the extinction of language through the inculcation of awareness of language preservation, including local language subjects at every level of education.

The New Maghrebi Woman and the Occident: From Occidentophilia to Ambivalence

As a reaction to European women’s campaign to save native women from their own men, Algerian authors debated the condition of native women and called for their emancipation through education. Questions around whether French education would divert them from their prime role as the guardians of national culture, whether too much Occidental culture would contaminate and alienate them from their own people, and whether exposure to French ways would incite them to rebel against their traditions and customs were debated at length. These questions and many others were echoed in the work of Djamila Débêche as the first Maghrebi feminist novelist whose novels illustrate the emergence of the French educated native woman, who is active in the public sphere and who, like her male counterparts, she engages with the Occident. Her novels and articles denote a total shift from the image of the silent and secluded native woman to that of the active feminist agent. In order to gain a better understanding of Débêche’s novels this chapter situates them in their feminist context and investigates the influence of French feminism and the emergent Algerian feminist movement on their author’s viewpoints.

Perencanaan Produksi Kantung Plastik dengan Theory Of Constraints

PTFJ memproduksi kantong plastik alami dan kantong plastik berwarna dengan berbagai ukuran. Kantong plastik alami merupakan pesanan khusus sedangkan kantung plastik berwarna merupakan persediaan. Proses produksi terdiri dari 5 tahap, yaitu Pencampuran, Peniupan, Pemotongan, Perforasi, dan Pengemasan. Ada perbedaan dalam jumlah mesin, pengangkut, dan pergeseran di setiap tahap. Karena perbedaan-perbedaan ini, produksi perlu direncanakan dengan baik sehingga pekerjaan-dalamproses dapat dipertahankan pada tingkat minimal. Perencanaan produksi dilakukan oleh Teori Kendala yang terdiri dari 5 langkah. Pada tahap identifikasi kendala, kapasitas yang tersedia dan kapasitas yang dibutuhkan dihitung berdasarkan teknik Perencanaan Kapasitas yang Dipotong RCCP dengan Bill of Labor Approach (BOLA). Setelah itu, eksploitasi kendala, subordinasi, dan elevasi kendala dilakukan. Penerapan Teori Kendala menghasilkan perforasi stasiun sebagai stasiun bottleneck, di mana persyaratan kapasitas mencapai 110% hingga 145% dari kapasitas yang tersedia. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas yang tersedia di stasiun Perforasi dengan menambahkan shift pada hari tertentu. Jumlah shift tambahan tertinggi terjadi pada Agustus di 24 shift. Selanjutnya, waktu kerja di stasiun lain juga disesuaikan. Pengurangan shift diterapkan dengan 2 pendekatan. Pertama, jika pengurangan shift menyebabkan total shift lebih kecil dari jumlah hari dalam sebulan, maka shift tersebut digunakan sesuai dengan jumlah hari dalam 1 bulan. Kedua, ketika pengurangan shift menghasilkan total shift yang masih lebih besar dari jumlah hari, jumlah shift dapat berbeda pada hari tertentu. Karena penambahan dan pengurangan shift, jumlah operator yang diperlukan juga disesuaikan. Setelah elevasi, tidak ada stasiun bottleneck. PTFJ manufactures natural plastic bags and colored plastic bags of various sizes. Natural plastic bags are make-to-order while colored plastic bags are make-to-stock. The production process consists of 5 stages, namely Mixing, Blowing, Cutting, Perforation, and Packaging. There are differences in the number of machines, carriers, and shifts in each stage. Due to these differences, production needs to be well planned so that work-in-process can be maintained at a minimal level. Production planning is conducted by Theory of Constraints which consists of 5 steps. At the constraint identification stage, the available capacity and required capacity are calculated based on the Rough Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP) technique with the Bill of Labor Approach (BOLA). Thereafter, constraint exploitation, subordination, and constraint elevation are performed. The implementation of Theory of Constraints results in station Perforation as a bottleneck station, where capacity requirements reach 110% to 145% of the available capacity. Therefore, an elevation is done to increase the capacity available at the Perforation station by adding shifts on a given day. The highest number of additional shifts occurred in August at 24 shifts. Furthermore, working time at other stations is also adjusted. Shift reduction is applied with 2 approaches. First, if the shift reduction causes the total shift to be smaller than the number of days in a month, then the shift is used according to the number of days in 1 month. Second, when the reduction of shift results in a total shift that is still greater than the number of days, the number of shifts can be different on a given day. Because of the addition and subtraction of shifts, the number of required operators is also adjusted. After the elevation, there is no bottleneck station.

Tuning Plasmon Induced Reflectance with Hybrid Metasurfaces

Electrically tunable metasurfaces with graphene offer design flexibility to efficiently manipulate and control light. These metasurfaces can be used to generate plasmon-induced reflectance (PIR), which can be tuned by electrostatic doping of the graphene layer. We numerically investigated two designs for tunable PIR devices using the finite difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The first design is based on two rectangular antennas of the same size and a disk; in the second design, two parallel rectangular antennas with different dimensions are used. The PIR-effect was achieved by weak hybridization of two bright modes in both devices and tuned by changing the Fermi level of graphene. A total shift of ∼362 nm was observed in the design with the modulation depth of 53% and a spectral contrast ratio of 76%. These tunable PIR devices can be used for tunable enhanced biosensing and switchable systems.

Community palliative medicine out-of-hours needs and the 7-day week: a service evaluation

BackgroundEvidence regarding out-of-hours (OOH) community palliative care provision is required to inform the need for a 7-day work.AimThis paper seeks to provide evidence for this discussion by defining general practitioners’ (GPs) OOH workload and patients’ demographics, symptomology and interventions. By quantifying the challenges faced, we can understand current practice and focus on what provision is required.DesignUsing Shropshire Doctors Co-operative’s recorded data, the authors have collated a representative picture of the OOH GP palliative care practice over a year from 161 OOH GP–patient interactions.SettingPrimary care.ResultsPalliative care makes up 11.4% of the total OOH GP home visits (HV). Overall 56% of OOH GP HVs are for patients who are expected to die within 48 hours, with 80% of the symptoms being agitation, secretions and pain. Overall 5.7% of OOH GP palliative HVs resulted in hospital admission; however, this decreased to 0.6% adjusting for the last 48-hour prognosis.ConclusionOOH Shropshire GPs deal with a wide variety of scenarios in a heterogeneous population. The greatest demand is from 17:00 to 00:00 (65% of the total shift) on weekdays, and from 09:00 to 00:00 on weekends (82% of the shift). These data begin to quantify the role being performed by OOH GPs, have implications for service provision and support 7-day work.

Eksistensi Sektor Pertanian dalam Struktur Perekonomian Kabupaten Bangli

The Existence of Agricultural Sector in Bangli Regency Economic Structure Contribution of agricultural sector to economy of Bangli Regency has decreased during 2011-2015 with relatively slow growth. This condition indicates that there has been a structural transformation of the economy, therefore it is necessary to analyze the existence of agricultural sector in terms of its current and future role whether it is still a leading sector or will turn into non-leading sectors. This study uses secondary data in the form of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) by industry of Bangli Regency and Bali Province in 2011-2015. The data were collected by using document study and analyzed by Location Quotient, Dynamic Location Quotient and Total Shift Share method. The results showed that the agricultural sector is the basis sector in Bangli Regency today and in the future. While the sub sectors in agricultural sector that become the basis is seasonal horticultural crops, annual horticulture and other crops, livestock and forestry and logging. Sub sectors in agriculture sector which are predicted to change the role in the future are food crops, annual plantation and fishery that changes role become basis sector were caused by the location factor. While the annual horticulture sub-sector and livestock are changed into non-basis sub-sectors were caused by the economic structure factor.