scholarly journals Healthy lifestyle by race/skin color and educational level in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e577101220911
Author(s):  
Mariana Souza Lopes ◽  
Patrícia Pinheiro de Freitas ◽  
Caroline Otoni da Silva ◽  
Raquel de Deus Mendonça ◽  
Aline Cristine Souza Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Current Smoker ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
High Educational

This study aimed to describe the prevalence of healthy lifestyles and examine its association to the combined effects of race and educational level in Brazil. Cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from the 2013 National Health Survey. Race was categorized as white, brown, or black, and educational level as low, medium, or high. To assess the combined effects of race and educational level, a combined variable was created. Healthy lifestyle factors were: non current smoker; non risk use of alcohol; daily consumption of fruit, and vegetables and being active. Lifestyle status was categorized as less healthy or healthier.  Of the 59,249 participants, 18.4% of the whites and 6.8% of blacks reported higher education, respectively. Healthy lifestyle status differed by race and educational level. The prevalence of 3 or more parameters were higher than 80% among individuals with high educational levels, regardless of race. The association of healthy lifestyle status with the combined effects of both race and educational levels remained significant after adjustments, except in blacks and browns with high educational levels. Education may be one of an important structural determinant of health status in Brazil, especially among blacks and browns. Investments in education can be helpfull to reduce racial inequalities.

scholarly journals Energy Balance–Related Behavior and Anthropometric Measures Among Adolescents Across Three Educational Levels: A Cross-Sectional Study in Dutch Schools

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica A. M. Ridder ◽  
Maaike Koning ◽  
Tommy L. S. Visscher ◽  
Remy A. Hirasing ◽  
Jacob C. Seidell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Organized Sports ◽  
Lower Educational Level ◽  
School Canteen

Energy balance–related behavior on schooldays and beliefs about school-based interventions may differ between students in different educational levels, sexes, and BMI (body mass index) categories. In Zwolle (the Netherlands), 1,084 adolescents (13-15 years) at 9 secondary schools completed a questionnaire. Overweight prevalence (boys 18.1%, girls 19.3%) increased with decreasing educational level, especially in boys. Girls reported healthier behavior than boys regarding daily consumption of fruit (35% vs. 29%), vegetables (58% vs. 48%), ≤1 snack/candy (36% vs. 26%), ≤3 glasses of sugared drinks (80% vs. 73%; all p < .05). Unhealthier dietary behaviors were associated with lower educational level, except for eating sugary and savory snacks. Snacks and sugared drinks consumed at school were mostly brought from home (61.6% and 68.5%, respectively). Overweight students reported less frequent consumption of daily breakfast, snacks, and sugared drinks than nonoverweight students. Of all students, 40% spent ≥1 hour per day cycling to school. Lower educational level students reported less organized sports activities than higher level students, but more outside play and other activities. Overweight was associated with cycling to school (boys) and participating in organized sports (girls). More girls than boys were interested in lessons about healthy nutrition (44.4% vs. 31.7%). To stimulate physical activity, boys suggested more physical education classes (63%), girls advised more variation (47%) and choice (43%). A healthy school canteen (57%) and offering free fruit (67%) were suggested as promising interventions to stimulate healthy behavior. Educational and environmental interventions to tackle unhealthy dietary and physical activity behavior should be developed in collaboration with parents and tailored to educational level and gender.

scholarly journals Prevalence of low back pain in different educational levels: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Apolinário de Souza Batista ◽  
Nicholas Henschke ◽  
Vinícius Cunha Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Educational Level ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Educational Differences ◽  
High Educational

Abstract Introduction: Non-specific low back pain (LBP) can be understood through the interaction of biopsychosocial factors such as education. Unfortunately, it remains unclear whether education can be considered an important risk and prognostic factor for the occurrence of LBP. Objective: To investigate the association between education and LBP. Methods: The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, AMED and PsyINFO. Results: Thirteen studies were included in the review. The Prevalence Critical Appraisal Instrument (PCAI) was used to assess risk of bias. Methodological quality scores ranged from 7 to 10 on a scale of 0-10. There was a 23% (95% CI, 13-37) prevalence of LBP (10,582 out of a total of 99,457 cases) in the general sample at the time of assessment. The meta-analysis of studies on the prevalence of LBP in people with low, medium or high educational level found the following results, respectively: 24% (95% CI, 12-43), 27% (95% CI, 9-56), and 18% (95% CI, 5-50). The meta-regression identified heterogeneity among the studies included in the review. This can be explained by educational differences (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Occurrence of LBP varies according to educational level. Individuals with higher educational levels are less often affected by LBP than individuals with medium or low educational levels.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome in fixed-shift workers

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Canuto ◽  
Marcos Pascoal Pattussi ◽  
Jamile Block Araldi Macagnan ◽  
Ruth Liane Henn ◽  
Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Work Shift ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

OBJECTIVE To analyze if metabolic syndrome and its altered components are associated with demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral factors in fixed-shift workers.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 902 shift workers of both sexes in a poultry processing plant in Southern Brazil in 2010. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was determined according to the recommendations from Harmonizing the Metabolic Syndrome. Its frequency was evaluated according to the demographic (sex, skin color, age and marital status), socioeconomic (educational level, income and work shift), and behavioral characteristics (smoking, alcohol intake, leisure time physical activity, number of meals and sleep duration) of the sample. The multivariate analysis followed a theoretical framework for identifying metabolic syndrome in fixed-shift workers.RESULTS The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the sample was 9.3% (95%CI 7.4;11.2). The most frequently altered component was waist circumference (PR 48.4%; 95%CI 45.5;51.2), followed by high-density lipoprotein. Work shift was not associated with metabolic syndrome and its altered components. After adjustment, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was positively associated with women (PR 2.16; 95%CI 1.28;3.64), workers aged over 40 years (PR 3.90; 95%CI 1.78;8.93) and those who reported sleeping five hours or less per day (PR 1.70; 95%CI 1.09;2.24). On the other hand, metabolic syndrome was inversely associated with educational level and having more than three meals per day (PR 0.43; 95%CI 0.26;0.73).CONCLUSIONS Being female, older and deprived of sleep are probable risk factors for metabolic syndrome, whereas higher educational level and higher number of meals per day are protective factors for metabolic syndrome in fixed-shift workers.

‘To define means to say what you know about things’: the development of definitional skills as metalinguistic acquisition

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEATRICE BENELLI ◽  
CARMEN BELACCHI ◽  
GIANLUCA GINI ◽  
DANIELA LUCANGELI
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Metalinguistic Awareness ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Formal Quality ◽  
Formal Definitions ◽  
Italian Children ◽  
Metalinguistic Skills ◽  
High Educational ◽  
Metalinguistic Ability

Some authors have suggested that definitional skills include metalinguistic components (Watson, 1985; Snow, 1990; McGhee-Bidlack, 1991). The present study therefore empirically investigated relations between the ability to define words and level of metalinguistic awareness in 280 Italian children (with ages ranging from 5 to 11 years) and in two groups of 40 adults each (with low and high educational levels, respectively). We used a definitional task presenting 24 terms (nouns, verbs, and adjectives, which were either concrete or abstract) and a task examining 6 different aspects of metalinguistic awareness. Our aim was to demonstrate that metalinguistic skills can positively predict the formal quality of definitions and to identify various aspects of metalinguistic skills that might be directly related to definitional skills. Results showed better performance on both tasks as a function of age and educational level; they also confirmed the important roles of metalinguistic ability and educational level in producing well-structured formal definitions.

scholarly journals INTER-GENERATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ADVANCEMENT AND BODY HEIGHT

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
MONIKA KRZYŻANOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Educational Advancement ◽  
Social Advancement ◽  
High Educational

Summary.This study investigates the association between body height and inter-generational social advancement through education. Questionnaire data were collected from 2800 students (1023 men and 1777 women) from the universities of Wrocław, Poland. The questions referred to three generations: the students and their parents and grandparents. Information was collected on the age, body height and weight of the students and their parents, and on the parents’ and grandparents’ education. The lowest body heights were typically found for individuals from families with the lowest educational levels, whereas the greatest body heights were found for those brought up in families with a high educational status or in families who had upgraded their status. The size of the change in the educational level of parents is only associated with fathers’ and female students’ body height. Individuals who had advanced from a middle educational level or who came from families with this type of advancement were found to be significantly taller, on average, than those upgrading their educational level from the lowest position. The results show that, for men, educational advancement during the course of their lives or in the earlier generation is more favourable to achieving higher stature, whereas for women, the multi-generational tradition of a high educational status is of greater significance.

scholarly journals Healthy Vegan Lifestyle Habits among Argentinian Vegetarians and Non-Vegetarians

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocio Gili ◽  
Sara Leeson ◽  
Evelyn Montes-Chañi ◽  
Daniel Xutuc ◽  
Ismael Contreras-Guillén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Lifestyle Pattern ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle ◽  
High Educational

Although current research has contributed to the promotion of whole-food plant-based diets, few studies have examined healthy vegan dietary and lifestyle factors, especially in South America. Therefore, we aimed at investigating the adherence to healthy vegan lifestyle habits among Argentinian vegetarians and omnivorous, using a recently developed vegetarian lifestyle index adapted to the vegan dietary pattern. Also, accessibility of vegetarian foods, and the proportion of household income spent on food were assessed in a cross-sectional approach with 1454 participants. The population was comprised of females (84.9%), singles (55.0%), young-adults (mean age 32.1, standard deviation (SD) = 13.6), employed (50.8%), with high educational levels (50.4%), and low prevalence of both tobacco smoking (7.0%) and frequent alcohol consumption (7.6%). The mean score of adherence to healthy vegan lifestyle habits was 6.64 (SD = 1.72), with higher scores indicating better adherence. Non-vegetarians (5.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 5.61–5.89) had a significantly lower adjusted mean score compared to semi-(6.32; 95% CI, 6.17–6.47), pesco-(6.99; 95% CI, 6.59–7.39), lacto-ovo-vegetarians (7.10; 95% CI, 6.96–7.24), as well as vegans (8.59; 95% CI, 8.35–8.83). The mean proportion of household income spent on food was significantly lower among vegans compared with other dietary patterns. The whole studied population showed a low consumption of whole grains, legumes, vegetables, nuts, and seeds. Although vegans showed a better diet and lifestyle pattern there is a need to improve eating and lifestyle habits to address risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Argentina.

scholarly journals Number of remaining teeth and its association with educational level in Chilean adults: data from the National Health Survey 2016-2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Margozzini ◽  
Rodrigo Berrios ◽  
Rosario García-Huidobro ◽  
Claudia Véliz ◽  
Carolina del Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Main Independent Variable ◽  
Functional Dentition ◽  
Chilean Population

Abstract Background: Several population studies have addressed oral health inequity-related issues. Edentulism, functional dentition and number of remaining teeth have been linked to different socioeconomic level measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between educational level (EL) and tooth loss in the Chilean population aged 15 years old and above, based on the recent data collected from the 2016-2017 National Health Survey (ENS 2016-2017). Methods: The sample for this cross-sectional study comprised 5473 subjects. The main independent variable in the study was educational level (LEL: low, MEL: medium, HEL: high). In order to measure tooth loss number of remaining teeth, edentulism and functional dentition were considered. Based on a multivariate logistic regression, it was possible to obtain odds ratios (OR) and, therefore, to assessing the condition of dentition according to the subject’s EL. As to the number of teeth variable, multiple linear regressions were conducted. The analyses were carried out in the SPSS 24.0 program considering the complex sampling design of ENS 2016-2017. Results: When comparing LEL subjects with HEL subjects, the adjusted difference in the number of remaining teeth was 3.11 for maxilla and 1.72 for mandible. An individual with a LEL had a 7.51 [3.50-16.10] and 6.06 [2.68-13.68] times higher risk of upper edentulism and lower edentulism than a HEL individual respectively. Regarding functional dentition, the adjusted OR in HEL subjects was 13.33 [8.02-22.15] and in MEL subjects was 2.81 [2.03-3.87], compared to LEL results. Conclusions: LEL was associated with a significant tooth loss in the Chilean population. Regardless of age, subjects with a LEL obtained a lower mean of number of remaining teeth, higher prevalence of edentulism and lower prevalence of functional dentition.

scholarly journals Obesity and central obesity in Indonesia: evidence from a national health survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dante S. Harbuwono ◽  
Laurentius A. Pramono ◽  
Em Yunir ◽  
Imam Subekti
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: Obesity and central obesity have become serious public health problems in developing countries such as Indonesia. Although 10 years have passed since the largest national health survey was conducted in 2007, no further analysis and publication concerning obesity and central obesity in Indonesia have been conducted based on the survey. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of obesity and central obesity, and its association with sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities in Indonesia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the National Basic Health Survey 2007 using total sampling method from 33 provinces. Obesity is defined as body mass index ≥25 according to the Asia-Pacific standard for obesity. Central obesity is defined as waist circumference >90 cm for men and > 80 cm for women according to the Asia-Pacific standard for central obesity.Results: The prevalence of obesity and central obesity in the Indonesian adult population are 23.1% and 28%, respectively. Both rates are higher in females than in males. Obesity and central obesity are associated with the risk of diabetes and hypertension.Conclusion: Prevalence of obesity and central obesity is high in the Indonesian adult population. Interventional programs are important to promote awareness of obesity and healthy lifestyle changes in the community.

scholarly journals How does bridging social capital relate to health-behavior, overweight and obesity among low and high educated groups? A cross-sectional analysis of GLOBE-2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlijn B. M. Kamphuis ◽  
Joost Oude Groeniger ◽  
Maartje P. Poelman ◽  
Mariëlle A. Beenackers ◽  
Frank J. van Lenthe
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bonding Social Capital ◽  
Bridging Social Capital ◽  
Educational Groups ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
High Educational

Abstract Background Social capital is an important determinant of health, but how specific sub-dimensions of social capital affect health and health-related behaviors is still unknown. To better understand its role for health inequalities, it is important to distinguish between bonding social capital (connections between homogenous network members; e.g. similar educational level) and bridging social capital (connections between heterogeneous network members). In this study, we test the hypotheses that, 1) among low educational groups, bridging social capital is positively associated with health-behavior, and negatively associated with overweight and obesity, and 2) among high educational groups, bridging social capital is negatively associated with health-behavior, and positively with overweight and obesity. Methods Cross-sectional data on educational level, health-behavior, overweight and obesity from participants (25–75 years; Eindhoven, the Netherlands) of the 2014-survey of the GLOBE study were used (N = 2702). Social capital (“How many of your close friends have the same educational level as you have?”) was dichotomized as: bridging (‘about half’, ‘some’, or ‘none of my friends’), or bonding (‘all’ or ‘most of my friends’). Logistic regression models were used to study whether bridging social capital was related to health-related behaviors (e.g. smoking, food intake, physical activity), overweight and obesity, and whether these associations differed between low and high educational groups. Results Among low educated, having bridging social capital (i.e. friends with a higher educational level) reduced the likelihood to report overweight (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.52–1.03) and obesity (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38–0.88), compared to low educated with bonding social capital. In contrast, among high educated, having bridging social capital (i.e. friends with a lower educational level) increased the likelihood to report daily smoking (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.37–3.27), no leisure time cycling (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.17–2.04), not meeting recommendations for vegetable intake (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.50–2.91), and high meat intake (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.05–1.83), compared to high educated with bonding social capital. Conclusions Bridging social capital had differential relations with health-behavior among low and high educational groups. Policies aimed at reducing segregation between educational groups may reduce inequalities in overweight, obesity and unhealthy behaviors.

scholarly journals Health Inequality Analysis in Europe: Exploring the Potential of the EQ-5D as Outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Spronk ◽  
Juanita A. Haagsma ◽  
Erica I. Lubetkin ◽  
Suzanne Polinder ◽  
M. F. Janssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequality ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Chronic Health Conditions ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Eq Vas ◽  
High Educational

Objective: This study explored the additive value of the multi-item EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) as an outcome measure in health inequality analyses, relative to the single-item EuroQol visual analog scale (EQ VAS).Methods: A sample comprising the general population from Italy, the Netherlands, and United Kingdom (UK) completed the EQ-5D-5L and the EQ VAS. The level of education was selected as a proxy for socio-economic status (SES). EQ-5D-5L level sum scores (LSS) were compared against EQ VAS scores. Stratified and multivariable analyses were used to study the associations between SES and the LSS/EQ VAS relative to the presence of chronic health conditions.Results: A total of 10,172 people participated in this study. In the UK and Netherlands, the LSS was worst for respondents with a low educational level and better for respondents with middle and high educational levels. For Italy, the LSS was best for respondents with a middle educational level compared to respondents with low and high educational levels. The same patterns were observed for the EQ VAS, but differences were slightly smaller. Multivariable analyses showed generally stronger predictive relations in the UK, and with the LSS. The presence of chronic health conditions and being unable to work were independent strong predictors, canceling out the effects of education.Conclusions: In three different European countries, the EQ-5D measures show the presence of education-dependent health inequalities, which are universally explained in regression analysis by independently the presence of chronic health conditions and the inability to work. In stratified analysis, the EQ-5D-5L LSS discriminates slightly better between participants with different levels of SES compared to the EQ VAS.

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