Renewable organic waste as substrate conditioning for the production of Euterpe oleracea seedlings

Forest restoration has the premise of restoring degraded native vegetation to conditions prior to degradation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of seedlings of a native species from the Amazon biome (Euterpe oleracea) under different substrates. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Tocantins, using a completely randomized design, and a 5x 4 factorial scheme, with five substrates (babassu stem + soil, babassu stem + rice husk + soil, coconut fiber + soil, babassu stem + fiber coconut + rice husk + soil, commercial substrate + soil - control), four trial periods (50, 100, 150 and 200 days). The evaluated variables: plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter, seedling quality index, leaf area and absolute growth rate. The growth of assai seedlings was influenced by the different substrates, until the 150 days after transplanting the quality and development of the seedlings were the same, both for the treatments that used commercial substrate and for the treatments that used renewable materials in their composition. The treatment using babassu stem (T1) obtained better shoot dry matter, total dry matter and seedling quality index values, in addition to being a material found in abundance in the regions, making this treatment the most viable and recommended for the production of assai seedlings.

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CROP COEFFICIENT, DRY MATTER PARTITION AND SEEDLINGS QUALITY OF Hymenaea courbaril L. IN CONTAINERS SIZES UNDER WATER DEFICIT IRRIGATION1

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/1806-90882017000200013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

Author(s):

César Antônio da Silva ◽

Durval Dourado Neto ◽

Cícero José da Silva

Keyword(s):

Water Availability ◽

Native Species ◽

Quality Index ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Crop Coefficient ◽

Riparian Forests ◽

Plastic Tube ◽

Hymenaea Courbaril ◽

Irrigation Levels

ABSTRACT Native species seedlings are commonly used in the degraded areas reforestation, riparian forests and legal reserve. Among the factors that influence the seedlings quality, are the container size and the substrate water availability. Thus, the objective of this paper was to evaluate Hymenaea courbaril L. seedlings response in function of irrigation levels and container sizes. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse, in randomized blocks design, with three replications in split plots, in 2 x 5 scheme. Rigid pots of 3.1 L and stiff plastic tubes of 4.0 L were used in the plots, while irrigation levels equals to 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of the maximum evapotranspiration (ETm) were used in the subplots. The stiff plastic tube provided larger ETm and increased seedlings quality and, consequently, larger crop coefficient (Kc) in comparison with rigid pot, in the phase from 80 to 200 days after the sowing (DAS). The Kc of the seedlings in citrovase varired from 0.54 to 1.12, of the planting at 200 DAS, according the Penman-Monteith methodology. Irrigation levels between ETm 86.8% and 100% propitiated larger seedlings quality index. To the 200 DAS, the roots dry matter was larger than the leaves dry matter, unlike the initial phases.

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Influence of alternative substrates on biomass and quality of cedar seedlings

Scientific Electronic Archives ◽

10.36560/141220211478 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Cleverson Agueiro de Carvalho ◽

Reginaldo Almeida Andrade ◽

Felippe Coelho de Souza ◽

Rychaellen Silva de Brito ◽

Davair Lopes Teixeira Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Cedrela Odorata ◽

Forage Grasses ◽

Planted Forests ◽

Alternative Substrates ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Organic Compost

The production of native species seedlings is essential for the establishment of planted forests or for the recovery of degraded areas. In the nursery stage, the quality of the substrate is crucial for plant growth and development. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of alternative substrates, produced from agroforestry residues and decomposed forage grasses, on the biomass input and quality of cedar (Cedrela odorata) seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, located in Rio Branco, Acre, in a completely randomized design, with three treatments, consisting of substrates: brachiaria organic compost (1:1); organic compost combined with crushed brazil nut husk (2:1) and commercial substrate, with ten repetitions. At 90 days after sowing, total, shoot and root dry matter and Dickson's quality index were evaluated. The organic compost from Brachiaria grass favors the accumulation of biomass, improves the quality of cedar seedlings and can replace the commercial substrate in a viable way.

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Supplementation of rice husk activated charcoal in feed and its effects on growth and histology of the stomach and intestines from giant trevally, Caranx ignobilis

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.27036.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 1274

Author(s):

Firdus Firdus ◽

Samadi Samadi ◽

Abdullah A. Muhammadar ◽

Muhammad A. Sarong ◽

Zainal A. Muchlisin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Activated Charcoal ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Intestinal Villi ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Absolute Growth ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Background: Research on supplementing feed with rice husk activated charcoal was carried out to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of rice husk activated charcoal on the growth and histological features of the Caranx ignobilis intestine. Methods: This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of six treatments and four replications, including adding activated charcoal to feed at concentrations of 0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% for 42 days. The measured parameters included daily growth rate (DGR), specific growth rate (SGR), absolute growth rate (AGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), survival rate (SR), length of foveola gastrica, width of foveola gastrica, length of intestinal villi, and width of intestinal villi. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s test. Results: The results showed that supplementing fish feed with rice husk activated charcoal at different concentrations significantly affected the values of DGR, AGR, FCR, FE, SR, length of the foveola gastrica, length of the villous intestine, and width of the villous intestine, but did not significantly affect SGR or foveola gastrica width. Conclusion: The 2% rice husk activated charcoal treatment showed the best results for all parameters.

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Utilization of nyamplung industrial waste for compost and the response to nyamplung seedlings growth and nitrogen uptake

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/914/1/012055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 914 (1) ◽

pp. 012055

Author(s):

T M Hasnah ◽

E Windyarini ◽

B Leksono ◽

K Riyantika ◽

B H Purwanto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Quality Index ◽

N Uptake ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Seedling Quality ◽

Total N ◽

Compost Quality ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Before And After ◽

Compost Application

Abstract The solid waste (dregs seed) of nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) industry from seed pressing processes could be more than 50% of the dry seed weight. Nyamplung oil industry in Bantul (Yogyakarta) has been produced nyamplung oil 4-5 ton/month that produced dregs seed around 50-60%/ton nyamplung dry seeds. The accumulated waste has been piled up and immediately important to utilize it. This study aimed to determine (i) the effect of bioactivators with ameliorant material application and the interactions among treatments on nyamplung dregs compost quality, and (ii) the growth response, seedling quality index and nitrogen uptake on nyamplung seedlings with nyamplung dregs compost application. The study was arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial. Two bioactivators Prouponic Gb#1 and cattle rumen bio starter were used in the study. The bioactivators were combined by ameliorants (no ameliorant, dolomite, and rice husk ash) with 3 replicates for each treatment. Analyses of soil chemical properties were carried out on nyamplung dregs before and after the treatments applied including: pH, DHL, N Total, C/N ratio, P Total, K Total. Those characters were compared to SNI No.19-7030-2004 on compost quality standards. DHL, C/N ratio, the total N, P, and K met the criteria on SNI. Seedling growth characters (height, diameter, number of leaves) and seedling quality index varied between nyamplung dregs compost treatments and control up to 16 weeks observation. Nyamplung dregs compost application showed the highest N uptake on nyamplung seedlings compared to the controls. Nyamplung seedling quality index was highly influenced by the uptake of N nutrients in the shoots and the roots than by height character and diameter.

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The amazonian capim-açú is less nitrogen dependente than antelope grass to produce leaf dry matter

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n2p124-131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 124-131

Author(s):

Ivo G. R. de Araújo ◽

Jairo O. Cazetta ◽

Rosane C. Rodrigues ◽

Sâmara S. C. Sanchês ◽

Clésio dos S. Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Native Species ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Native Grasses ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Native Pastures

ABSTRACT The Maranhão floodplain is dominated by native grasses like capim-açú (Paspalum plicatulum, Mich.). Due to scarce information on nutrient demands of native species, farmers are replacing native pastures by exotic and potentially invasive species such as antelope grass (Echinochloa pyramidalis, Lam). The aim of this study was to compare the growth of capim-açú and antelope grass, under varying N and K doses, to better understand the potential of capim-açú to be used as forage. The experiment was carried out in pots, consisting of a 2 × 5 × 2 factorial scheme (2 species × 5 N doses × 2 K doses) with four repetitions, in a completely randomized design. The N doses of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg dm-3 were combined with 10 and 30 mg dm-3 K2O. The capim-açú produces higher leaf to stem ratio aboveground by using lower nitrogen and potassium doses than antelope grass. Leaf, stalk, and total dry matter production of both studied species do not respond to potassium doses.

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Supplementation of rice husk activated charcoal in feed and its effects on growth and histology of the stomach and intestines from giant trevally, Caranx ignobilis

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.27036.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 1274

Author(s):

Firdus Firdus ◽

Samadi Samadi ◽

Abdullah A. Muhammadar ◽

Muhammad A. Sarong ◽

Zainal A. Muchlisin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Activated Charcoal ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Intestinal Villi ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Absolute Growth ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Background: Research on supplementing feed with rice husk activated charcoal was carried out to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of rice husk activated charcoal on the growth and histological features of the giant trevally Caranx ignobilis intestine. Methods: This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of six treatments and four replications, including adding activated charcoal to feed at concentrations of 0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% for 42 days. The measured parameters included daily growth rate (DGR), specific growth rate (SGR), absolute growth rate (AGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), survival rate (SR), length of foveola gastrica, width of foveola gastrica, length of intestinal villi, and width of intestinal villi. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s test. Results: The results showed that supplementing fish feed with rice husk activated charcoal at different concentrations significantly affected the values of DGR, AGR, FCR, FE, SR, length of the foveola gastrica, length of the villous intestine, and width of the villous intestine, but did not significantly affect SGR or foveola gastrica width. Conclusion: The 2% rice husk activated charcoal treatment showed the best results for all parameters.

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SUBSTRATE AND FERTILIZATION IN THE QUALITY OF Myrocarpus frondosus SEEDLINGS

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v49i4.59748 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 831

Author(s):

Suelen Carpenedo Aimi ◽

Maristela Machado Araujo ◽

Maria Helena Fermino ◽

Luciane Almeri Tabaldi ◽

Thairini Claudino Zavistanovicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Native Species ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Fluorescence Maximum ◽

Randomized Design

Myrocarpus frondosus is a native species with high commercial timber value. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of seedlings of Myrocarpus frondosus in the nursery and to indicate the most adequate substrate and fertilization for the production of seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with four replications, in a factorial scheme, composed of four combinations of substrates: S1-100% commercial substrate (CS); S2 - 80% CS and 20% carbonated rice husk (CRH); S3 - 60% CS and 40% CRH; S4 - 40% CS and 60% CRH, and four fertilizations: NF – No fertilization; CRF – controlled release fertilizer (ammonium sulfate, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride); RRF – ready release fertilizer and micronutrients. Physical and chemical analyses were performed on the substrate. At 300 days after emergence, the following morphological variables were evaluated: (height, stem diameter, H/SD ratio, leaf area, root length, aerial dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, Dickson quality index) and the physiological variables chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, initial fluorescence, maximum fluorescence, Fv/Fm ratio and electron transport rate). Regardless of the substrate and fertilization, slow growth of the species was observed, even for the best treatment, which was verified from the height (17.87 cm) and stem diameter (2.62 mm). The use of the commercial substrate (40%) with carbonated rice husk (60%) associated with the concentration of 6 g L-1 of controlled release fertilizer is recommended, since they present the best results for the morphological and physiological variables in the nursery in general.

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QUALITY OF CAMBUCI PEPPER SEEDLINGS IN RESPONSE TO THE APPLICATION OF NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS

JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE ◽

10.32404/rean.v7i4.4880 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 73-79

Author(s):

Nicholas Taborda Nordi ◽

Eduardo Santana Aires ◽

Thatiane Nepomuceno Alves ◽

Samara Moreira Perisato ◽

Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso

Keyword(s):

Quality Index ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Final Performance ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Nutrient Solutions ◽

Dickson Quality Index

One of the main stages in the production system of a crop is the production of quality seedlings since it influences the plants' final performance in the field and their production. The study aimed to evaluate different nutrient solutions in the production of Cambuci pepper seedlings. The design used was a complete randomized design, with six treatments corresponding to the nutrient solutions proposed for the pepper crop by Castellane and Araújo, Claudio Roberto, Hoagland, and Arnon, besides the commercial products Plenan® and Biobokashi®, and a control treatment without fertilization, with six replications. The final evaluation was carried out 45 days after sowing. The following variables were analyzed: stem diameter, plant height, leaf dry matter, shoot dry matter, the number of leaves, relative chlorophyll index ("Spad"), and Dickson quality index. The seedlings subjected to the applications of Claudio Roberto and Hoagland and Arnon solutions have the highest heights and number of leaves, the largest stem diameter, shoot dry matter, leaf area, and Dickson quality index with 2.60 and 2.51 mm, 0.54 and 0.62 g, 38.64 and 41.91 cm2, and 0.107; 0.097, respectively. The Hoagland and Arnon nutrient solution provided the best characteristics to produce Cambuci pepper seedlings.

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Evaluation of Substrates for Jenipapo (Genipa americana L.) Seedlings Production

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n2p352 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 352

Author(s):

Ana Veruska Cruz da Silva ◽

Adrielle Naiana Ribeiro Soares ◽

Milena Nascimento Cardoso ◽

Marília Freitas de Vasconcelos Melo ◽

Evandro Neves Muniz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Seedling Height ◽

Coconut Fiber ◽

Fertilized Soil ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Growth Of Seedlings ◽

Relative Chlorophyll Content

Jenipapo (Genipa americana L. Rubiaceae) is a native species not endemic to Brazil and found in several biomes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the emergence and growth of seedlings cultivated in different substrates. Treatments were made of: T1 (fertilized soil), T2 (fertilized soil + coconut fiber), T3 (fertilized soil + sand), T4 (sand + coconut fiber), T5 (bovine manure + coconut fiber), and T6 (bovine manure + sand). The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design, with six treatments (substrates) and four replications of 25 seeds. The following variables were evaluated: first emergence count, percentage of emergence, emergence speed index, seedling height, root length, stem diameter, number of leaves, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), leaf area, root dry matter, and shoot dry matter. The substrates T1 (fertilized soil), T2 (fertilized soil + coconut fiber), T3 (fertilized soil + sand) and T6 (bovine manure + sand) were more efficient for jenipapo seedlings production.

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Superação de dormência de sementes e desenvolvimento de mudas de jatobazeiro em substratos alternativos

Colloquium Agrariae ◽

10.5747/ca.2020.v16.n5.a399 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 103-113

Author(s):

Patrícia Rodrigues Maffud Carvalho ◽

César Antônio da Silva ◽

Luís Léssi dos Reis ◽

Janaina Rodrigues Maffud

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Plant Seeds ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Emergence Percentage ◽

Chlorophyll Index ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Forest Humus

The propagation of the jatoba (Hymenaea courbarilL.) by seeds is highly promising in the recovery of degraded areas. Thus, the present research aimed to compare methods forjatoba plant seeds dormancy overcomingand to evaluate the development of seedlings of this species in alternative substrates. In the first experiment, in screened nursery, a completely randomized design was used, with four replications and seven seed treatments: scarification with sandpaper(SS), SS and immersion in water for 24 h, SS and immersion in water for 48 h, intact seed, seed immersed in water for 48 h and seed immersed in water for 96 h. The seedlings that emergency were counted every other days, from 13 to 51days after sowing, quantifying the emergence percentage, the emergence speed index and the emergence average time.The second experiment, in greenhouse,was composed ofthree replicates, in randomized blocks, being seven substrates were used:commercial substrate (CS); 40% SC + 60% forest humus (FH); 40% SC + 60% charcoal rice husk (CRH); 40% SC + 60% bovine manure (BM); 40% CRH + 60% BM; 40% CRH + 60% FH; e 40% FH + 60% BM. At 50, 70 and 120 days after sowing were evaluated the parameters: seedlingheight, leafsnumber, stem diameter, fresh matterand dry matter of aerial partand roots, and leaf area.At 120 DAS, the chlorophyll index was also evaluated. The scarification with sandpaper and immersion of seeds in water for 24 hours presented a greater emergence (96.4% and IVE = 0.697).The mixture containing 40% FHand 60% BMresulted seedlings with a larger leaf area, chlorophyll index and roots and aerial part dry matter, at 120 days after sowing.

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