Enzymatic response of Macrobrachium jelskii (Miers, 1877) exposed to water from urban and rural rivers in Bahia, Brazil

Several biomarker enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) can be used to measure oxidative stress in animals caused by exposure to xenobiotics. The objective of the present study was to characterize different points of the Capivari (CP1 and CP2), Paraguaçu (PG1 and PG2) and Subaé (SB1 and SB2) Rivers, state of Bahia, in relation to the presence of xenobiotics, using CAT and GST as bioindicators in M. jelskii. The water-sampling sites were considered urban or rural and in all of them signs of environmental degradation were observed. Therefore, acute exposure tests (96h) were performed with water samples collected during the dry and rainy seasons. Results showed that the activity of CAT and GST in prawns exposed to water from CP1 and CP2 were very similar, while those exposed to water from PG1, PG2, SB1 and SB2 formed distinct groups of data. Significant increase in the activity of at least one of the analyzed enzymes in each sampling site was observed, when compared to animals in the control group. This demonstrated a possible oxidative stress in M. jelskii caused by the presence of xenobiotics in the water (e.g., domestic sewage, pesticides, oil, and heavy metals). Enzymatic activities were higher in animals from experiments carried out in the rainy season, except for the CAT activity of animals exposed to water from Subaé River. This study demonstrated the potential of M. jelskii as bioindicator and contributed to the knowledge of aspects of the antioxidant defense system of this species.

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Characteristics of lipid peroxidation processes and factors of the antioxidant defense system in chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine ◽

10.20538/1682-0363-2021-4-63-70 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 63-70

Author(s):

O. V. Smirnova ◽

V. V. Tsukanov ◽

A. A. Sinyakov ◽

O. L. Moskalenko ◽

N. G. Elmanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Gastric Cancer ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Control Group ◽

Defense System ◽

Glutathione S Transferase

Background. The problem of gastric cancer remains unresolved throughout the world, while chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) increases the likelihood of its development by 15 times. In the Russian Federation, the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) is among the highest, with it prevailing among males. One of the leading mechanisms in molecular pathology of membranes is lipid peroxidation (LPO). The severity of oxidative membrane damage depends on concomitant diseases, contributing to emergence and progression of pathological processes and development of cancer. Currently, the problem of LPO is unsolved in biological systems.The aim of this study was to investigate the state of LPO and antioxidant defense system in CAG and GC. Materials and methods. The parameters were studied in 45 patients with CAG and 50 patients with GC. The control group included 50 practically healthy volunteers without gastrointestinal complaints, who did not have changes in the gastric mucosa according to the fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy (FEGDS) findings.Results. In patients with CAG, an increase in malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase was found in the blood plasma compared with the control group. In patients with CAG, lipid peroxidation was activated, and the malondialdehyde level increased by 3.5 times relative to normal values. At the same time, the body fought against oxidative stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase. All patients with GC showed pronounced oxidative stress in the blood plasma in the form of a 45-fold increase in malondialdehyde. The activity of the main antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase was reduced in GC. Catalase was activated, which indicated pronounced oxidative stress, significant damage to blood vessels, and massive cell death. Glutathione-related enzymes (glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase) and the antioxidant protein ceruloplasmin were activated, which also indicated significant oxidative stress and severe intoxication in patients with GC.Conclusion. Depending on the stage and type of cancer, an in-depth study of lipid peroxidation and factors of the antioxidant defense system can be used to correct therapy and prevent cancer and can serve as markers of progression and prognosis in gastric cancer.

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Salivary Antioxidant and Oxidative Stress Marker Levels in HIV-Positive Individuals

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ◽

10.2174/1386207322666190306144629 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 59-64

Author(s):

Samaneh Vaziri Amjad ◽

Poorandokht Davoodi ◽

Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi ◽

Hamidreza Abdolsamadi ◽

Jalal Poorolajal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Oxidative Stress Marker ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Control Group ◽

Defense System ◽

Positive Group ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Background:HIV infections are a worldwide health problem. HIV infection reduces CD4+ cell counts. Oxidative stress might play an important role in the stimulation of virus replication and immunodeficiency. Saliva might be the first line of defense against oxidative stress.Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress marker and antioxidant levels of saliva in HIV-infected patients by measuring total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde level.Methods:A total of 49 HIV-positive patients and 49 healthy HIV-negative individuals were randomly selected. All the patients were clinically examined. Five mL of unstimulated whole saliva was collected and evaluated by spectrophotometric assay. Data were analyzed with STATA 11.Results:Mean ages of the case and control groups were 28 and 33 years, respectively. Salivary malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher in the HIV-positive group (3.68±2.26) compared to the healthy control group (2.79±1.91). Levels of salivary total antioxidant capacity were significantly lower in the HIV-positive group (0.20± 0.09) compared to the control group (0.27±0.10).Conclusion:The antioxidant defense system in HIV-positive individuals was low and oxidative stress was high in this population. Saliva might be used as a diagnostic tool for antioxidant changes in HIV-positive patients in the future. There were changes in salivary antioxidant defense system and oxidative stress in HIV-positive individuals. Antioxidant supplements might help local salivary and general health statuses.

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Effect of chronic cadmium exposure on antioxidant defense system in some tissues of rats: protective effect of selenium

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.931197 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 403-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

BI Ognjanović ◽

SD Marković ◽

SZ Pavlović ◽

RV Žikić ◽

AŠ Štajn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Significant Decline ◽

Defense System ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Cd Exposure ◽

Vit C

The effects of selenium (Se) on antioxidant defense system in liver and kidneys of rats with cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity were examined. Cd exposure (15 mg Cd/kg b.m./day as CdCl2 for 4 weeks) resulted in increased lipid peroxidation (LP) in both organs (p<0.005 and p<0.01). Vitamin C (Vit C) was decreased in the liver (p<0.005), whereas vitamin E (Vit E) was increased in the liver and kidneys (p<0.005 and p<0.05) of Cd-exposed animals. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were decreased in both tissues (p<0.05 and p<0.005), whereas catalase (CAT) activity was decreased only in liver (p<0.005). Glutathione S-transferase (GST) increased in both tissues (p<0.005 and p<0.01). Treatment with Se (0.5 mg Se/kg b.m./day as Na2SeO3 for 4 weeks) significantly increased liver and kidneys SOD and GSH-Px activities (p<0.05 to p<0.005), as well as CAT and GST activities only in the liver (p<0.01). In animals exposed to Se, both the concentrations of Vit C (p<0.01) and Vit E (p<0.005) were increased in both tissues. Co-treatment with Se resulted in reversal of oxidative stress with significant decline in analyzed tissues Cd burden. Our results show that Se may ameliorate Cd-induced oxidative stress by decreasing LP and altering antioxidant defense system in rat liver and kidneys and that Se demonstrates the protective effect from cadmium-induced oxidative damage.

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Oxidative stress/PERK/apoptotic pathways interaction contribute to tramadol neurotoxicity in rat cerebral and cerebellar cortex and thyme enhances the antioxidant defense system: histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20182083 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 124 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nahla Reda Sarhan ◽

Yasmeen Mohamed Taalab

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Er Stress ◽

Cerebellar Cortex ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Caspase 3 ◽

Opioid Analgesic ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Control Group ◽

Defense System

Background: Tramadol is an opioid analgesic with several adverse reactions. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses have been involved in the molecular mechanisms underlying tramadol neurotoxicity. Importantly, protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) is a key ER-downstream pathway that mediates apoptosis. We aimed to determine the cellular stresses interaction that mediates PERK-induced apoptosis in tramadol-treated rats and to assess the effect of thyme in enhancing the antioxidant defense system in the face of such stresses.Methods: Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into 4 groups. Control group, thyme group received thyme extract (500 mg/kg/day) orally. Tramadol group received tramadol HCL (40 mg/Kg/day) dissolved in saline orally. Tramadol + Thyme group received tramadol and thyme extract. After 30 days, frontal motor and cerebellar cortex specimens were biochemically assessed for oxidative stress biomarkers and evaluated for histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical changes. Results: Tramadol group showed a significant elevation in malondialdehyde level with a reduction in superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities. Histologically and ultrastructurally, there were remarkable degenerative and apoptotic changes in the neurons and glial cells. In parallel, we detected a significant increase in integrated density for PERK immunostaining and number of caspase-3 positive cells/HPF compared to control. Tramadol + Thyme group showed improvement in oxidative stress parameters, histological and ultrastructural changes. Moreover, integrated density for PERK immunostaining and number of caspase-3 positive cells/HPF were significantly lower than Tramadol group.Conclusions: Oxidative and ER stress-mediated PERK/apoptosis axis corroborates to the tramadol-induced neurotoxicity. Therapeutic strategies enhancing antioxidant activity and/or blocking ROS-mediated ER stress pathway may resolve tramadol neurotoxicity.

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Skeletal muscle uncoupling-induced longevity in mice is linked to increased substrate metabolism and induction of the endogenous antioxidant defense system

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00518.2012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 304 (5) ◽

pp. E495-E506 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

S. Keipert ◽

M. Ost ◽

A. Chadt ◽

A. Voigt ◽

V. Ayala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Redox Signaling ◽

Defense System ◽

High Fat ◽

Substrate Metabolism ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant

Ectopic expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in skeletal muscle (SM) mitochondria increases lifespan considerably in high-fat diet-fed UCP1 Tg mice compared with wild types (WT). To clarify the underlying mechanisms, we investigated substrate metabolism as well as oxidative stress damage and antioxidant defense in SM of low-fat- and high-fat-fed mice. Tg mice showed an increased protein expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase, markers of lipid turnover (p-ACC, FAT/CD36), and an increased SM ex vivo fatty acid oxidation. Surprisingly, UCP1 Tg mice showed elevated lipid peroxidative protein modifications with no changes in glycoxidation or direct protein oxidation. This was paralleled by an induction of catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, an increased redox signaling (MAPK signaling pathway), and increased expression of stress-protective heat shock protein 25. We conclude that increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial uncoupling in vivo does not reduce the oxidative stress status in the muscle cell. Moreover, it increases lipid metabolism and reactive lipid-derived carbonyls. This stress induction in turn increases the endogenous antioxidant defense system and redox signaling. Altogether, our data argue for an adaptive role of reactive species as essential signaling molecules for health and longevity.

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Impact of seasonally frozen soil on germinability and antioxidant enzyme activity of Picea asperata seeds

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x09-001 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 723-730 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jihong Qin ◽

Qing Liu

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽

Frozen Soil ◽

Defense System ◽

Frozen Ground ◽

Subalpine Zone ◽

Picea Asperata

In the subalpine zone of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau of China, Dragon spruce (Picea asperata Mast.) is commonly used for reforestation. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of seasonally frozen soil on the germination of P. asperata seeds and to investigate whether these effects were associated with resumption of the antioxidant defense system. The nonfrozen treatment resulted in near failure of germination (1%) and was associated with relatively high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and low activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxide (APX). Germination of P. asperata seeds at 10 cm under the seasonally frozen soil was higher than that at 5 cm by 26%; this higher germination rate was associated with the recovery of SOD, CAT, and APX activities. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in seeds from seasonally frozen treatments were higher than those in the nonfrozen treatment, implying greater lipid peroxidation and that frozen seeds might have suffered from oxidative stress. The results indicate that seasonally frozen soil facilitated the germination of P. asperata seeds and that germination was closely related to the resumption of antioxidant enzymes activity. Overall, these findings suggest that the disappearance of seasonally frozen ground caused by global warming might result in failure of regeneration of P. asperata.

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