scholarly journals Atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de uma combinação de óleos vegetais de caju e mamona e de óleos essenciais de cravo, eugenol, timol e vanilina contra bactérias Gram-negativas e Gram-positivas no rúmen de bovinos

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e4210816900
Author(s):  
Aylle Medeiros Matos ◽  
Mariana Garcia Ornaghi ◽  
Venício Macêdo Carvalho ◽  
Vicente Alfonso Diaz Avila ◽  
Edinéia Bonin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ruminococcus Albus ◽  
Ruminococcus Flavefaciens ◽  
Prevotella Ruminicola ◽  
Prevotella Bryantii

A preocupação pública com o uso rotineiro de antibióticos e ionóforos na dieta de ruminantes aumentou devido ao surgimento de bactérias resistentes aos antibióticos que podem representar riscos à saúde humana. Assim, esforços têm sido empregados para o desenvolvimento de compostos alternativos para substituir antibióticos e ionóforos na dieta de ruminantes. Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar os efeitos in vitro de uma mistura contendo óleos vegetais de caju e mamona e óleos essenciais de cravo-da-índia, eugenol, timol e vanilina sobre a atividade das bactérias Gram-negativas e Gram-positivas presentes no rúmen. O experimento foi elaborado de forma que cada bactéria fosse exposta às doses de 1,5, 3, 5 e 6,0 mg/mL da mistura, com seis repetições. As bactérias foram cultivadas em meio M2 de Hobson em tubos Hungate. A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada em espectrofotômetro a 600 nm. As leituras foram realizadas 0, 8, 12 e 24 horas após a inoculação a 39º C. As quatro concentrações (1,5, 3,0, 4,5 e 6,0 mg/mL) da mistura de óleos vegetais e essenciais inibiram o crescimento da Prevotella albensis, Prevotella bryantii, Prevotella ruminicola e Anaerovibrio lipolyticus 8 e 12 horas após a incubação. Para Ruminococcus albus e Ruminococcus flavefaciens a adição da mistura de óleos essenciais nas concentrações de 3,0 e 4,5 mg/mL resultou em maior impacto na dinâmica de crescimento, com redução na densidade óptica após 12 h de incubação. Em conclusão, os resultados mostram que a ação combinada dos óleos vegetais e essenciais influencia o crescimento de bactérias gram-negativas e gram-positivas e pode ser usado como um modulador ruminal. Deste modo, o estudo contribui com novas informações sobre a ação combinada dos óleos vegetais e essenciais como agentes antimicrobianos na produção de ruminantes.

scholarly journals In Vivo Competitions between Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Ruminoccus albus in a Gnotobiotic Sheep Model Revealed by Multi-Omic Analyses

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Yeoman ◽  
Christopher J. Fields ◽  
Pascale Lepercq ◽  
Philippe Ruiz ◽  
Evelyne Forano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Fibrobacter Succinogenes ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Ruminococcus Albus ◽  
Ruminococcus Flavefaciens ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens are the three predominant cellulolytic bacterial species found in the rumen. In vitro studies have shown that these species compete for adherence to, and growth upon, cellulosic biomass. Yet their molecular interactions in vivo have not heretofore been examined. Gnotobiotically raised lambs harboring a 17-h-old immature microbiota devoid of culturable cellulolytic bacteria and methanogens were inoculated first with F. succinogenes S85 and Methanobrevibacter sp. strain 87.7, and 5 months later, the lambs were inoculated with R. albus 8 and R. flavefaciens FD-1. Longitudinal samples were collected and profiled for population dynamics, gene expression, fibrolytic enzyme activity, in sacco fibrolysis, and metabolite profiling. Quantitative PCR, metagenome and metatranscriptome data show that F. succinogenes establishes at high levels initially but is gradually outcompeted following the introduction of the ruminococci. This shift resulted in an increase in carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and xylanase activities but not in greater fibrolysis, suggesting that F. succinogenes and ruminococci deploy different but equally effective means to degrade plant cell walls. Expression profiles showed that F. succinogenes relied upon outer membrane vesicles and a diverse repertoire of CAZymes, while R. albus and R. flavefaciens preferred type IV pili and either CBM37-harboring or cellulosomal carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), respectively. The changes in cellulolytics also affected the rumen metabolome, including an increase in acetate and butyrate at the expense of propionate. In conclusion, this study provides the first demonstration of in vivo competition between the three predominant cellulolytic bacteria and provides insight on the influence of these ecological interactions on rumen fibrolytic function and metabolomic response. IMPORTANCE Ruminant animals, including cattle and sheep, depend on their rumen microbiota to digest plant biomass and convert it into absorbable energy. Considering that the extent of meat and milk production depends on the efficiency of the microbiota to deconstruct plant cell walls, the functionality of predominant rumen cellulolytic bacteria, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, has been extensively studied in vitro to obtain a better knowledge of how they operate to hydrolyze polysaccharides and ultimately find ways to enhance animal production. This study provides the first evidence of in vivo competitions between F. succinogenes and the two Ruminococcus species. It shows that a simple disequilibrium within the cellulolytic community has repercussions on the rumen metabolome and fermentation end products. This finding will have to be considered in the future when determining strategies aiming at directing rumen fermentations for animal production.

Analysis of antibiotic susceptibility and extrachromosomal DNA content of Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Champion ◽  
Carla T. Helaszek ◽  
Bryan A. White
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Extrachromosomal Dna ◽  
Ruminococcus Albus ◽  
Ruminococcus Flavefaciens ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Reported Data

Seventeen Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens strains have been screened for naturally occurring antibiotic resistance, as determined by zones of inhibition from antibiotic disks. These strains were also examined for extrachromosomal DNA content. All strains screened are resistant to low levels (10–200 μg/mL) of streptomycin. In contrast to the previously reported data, we have found that R. flavefaciens C-94 is now susceptible to both kanamycin and tetracycline. However, R. flavefaciens FD-1 is not susceptible to kanamycin (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 40 μg/mL). Furthermore, R. albus 8 is resistant to tetracycline (MIC = 40 μg/mL), and erythromycin (MIC = 100 μg/mL). Six freshly isolated strains showed resistance to tetracycline (35–70 μg/mL), and all tetracycline-resistant strains also showed resistance to minocycline. None of these Ruminococcus determinants share homology with the streptococcal tetL, tetM, or tetN determinants. All 17 strains were screened for extrachromosomal DNA content. Nine different techniques for the detection and isolation of extrachromosomal DNA were tested. However, owing to difficulties in demonstrating or isolating plasmid DNA, it has not been possible to determine if these antibiotic resistance genes are plasmid borne. Evidence is presented to suggest that the presence of oxygen may affect the quality of the DNA obtained from Ruminococcus.

scholarly journals 16S rDNA sequencing of Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens: design of a signature probe and its application in adult sheep

Microbiology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 145 (7) ◽  
pp. 1797-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis O. Krause ◽  
Brian P. Dalrymple ◽  
Wendy J. Smith ◽  
Roderick I. Mackie ◽  
Christopher S. McSweeney
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
16S Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Ruminococcus Albus ◽  
Ruminococcus Flavefaciens ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

Identification and characterisation of the predominant lactic acid-producing and lactic acid-utilising bacteria in the foregut of the feral camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ghali ◽  
P. T. Scott ◽  
G. A. Alhadrami ◽  
R. A. M. Al Jassim
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Acid Media ◽  
Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens ◽  
Prevotella Ruminicola ◽  
De Man

The camel is emerging as a new and important animal in the Australian livestock industry. However, little is known regarding the microbial ecosystem of the gastrointestinal tract of this ruminant-like animal. This study was carried out to determine the diversity of lactic acid-producing and lactic acid-utilising bacteria in the foregut of the feral camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Australia. Putative lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the foregut contents of camels by culturing on De Man, Rogosa, Sharpe and lactic acid media. Identification of representative isolates was based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Fermentation end products of glucose (i.e. volatile fatty acids and lactate) were also measured in vitro. The key predominant bacteria identified in this study were closely related to Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Lachnospira pectinoschiza and Prevotella ruminicola. The main L-lactate producers were those isolates closely related to S. bovis, S. ruminantium and Lactococcus garvieae, while the efficient lactate utilisers were S. ruminantium-related isolates. D-lactate was produced by isolates closely related to either L. pectinoschiza or S. ruminantium. The predominant bacteria isolated and characterised in this study are identical and/or closely related to those typically found in true ruminants (e.g. S. ruminantium, B. fibrisolvens, S. bovis). In addition, some of the bacteria isolated represent novel species of Lachnospira and Clostridium in the context of lactic acid bacteria from a large herbivorous host. The results from this study have contributed to our understanding and provide opportunities to reduce foregut acidosis in the camel.

scholarly journals Effects of seaweed extracts on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, methane production, and microbial abundance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youyoung Choi ◽  
Shin Ja Lee ◽  
Hyun Sang Kim ◽  
Jun Sik Eom ◽  
Seong Uk Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens ◽  
Seaweed Extracts ◽  
Prevotella Ruminicola

AbstractSeveral seaweed extracts have been reported to have potential antimethanogenic effects in ruminants. In this study, the effect of three brown seaweed species (Undaria pinnatifida, UPIN; Sargassum fusiforme, SFUS; and Sargassum fulvellum, SFUL) on rumen fermentation characteristics, total gas, methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) production, and microbial populations were investigated using an in vitro batch culture system. Seaweed extract and its metabolites, total flavonoid and polyphenol contents were identified and compared. For the in vitro batch, 0.25 mg∙mL−1 of each seaweed extract were used in 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of incubation. Seaweed extract supplementation decreased CH4 yield and its proportion to total gas production after 12, 24, and 48 h of incubation, while total gas production were not significantly different. Total volatile fatty acid and molar proportion of propionate increased with SFUS and SFUL supplementation after 24 h of incubation, whereas UPIN was not affected. Additionally, SFUS increased the absolute abundance of total bacteria, ciliate protozoa, fungi, methanogenic archaea, and Fibrobacter succinogenes. The relative proportions of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, and Prevotella ruminicola were lower with seaweed extract supplementation, whereas Anaerovibrio lipolytica increased. Thus, seaweed extracts can decrease CH4 production, and alter the abundance of rumen microbial populations.

Efeito do uso de própolis sobre a presença de bactérias gram-positivas e negativas no liquido ruminal de bovinos

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Stefania Caroline Claudino da Silva ◽  
Eliane Gasparino ◽  
Ana Paula Del Vesco ◽  
Valério Balini ◽  
Lucia Maria Zeoula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Fibrobacter Succinogenes ◽  
Streptococcus Bovis ◽  
Ruminococcus Flavefaciens ◽  
Prevotella Ruminicola

<p>O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do uso da própolis sobre a presença de bactérias Gram-positivas e negativas no liquido ruminal de bovinos. O experimento foi conduzido utilizando cinco bovinos mestiços, distribuídos em delineamento quadrado latino 4x4 recebendo uma dieta base, suplementada com quatro tratamentos distintos: controle, LLOS B3+, LLOS C1+ e LLOS C1++, sendo os LLOS a base de própolis.  Foi coletado liquido ruminal de bovinos para a extração e amplificação do gene 16S rDNA das bactérias. Através da amplificação foi observada a presença de bactérias das espécies <em>Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Streptococcus bovis, Prevotella ruminicola, Eubacterium ruminantium e Anaerovibrio lipolytica. </em>Os tratamentos controle e LLOS B3+ foram positivos para 50% das 30 amostras testadas. LLOS C1++ foi positivos para 40%, e o tratamento LLOS C1+ foi positivo para 63% das amostras testadas.  Pode-se concluir que os produtos utilizados como aditivos neste experimento podem influenciar na característica da flora ruminal, alterando a composição de suas bactérias, entretanto, os tratamentos a base de própolis não selecionaram apenas bactérias Gram-positivas, como sugerido nas literaturas.</p>

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