Analysis of antibiotic susceptibility and extrachromosomal DNA content of Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Champion ◽  
Carla T. Helaszek ◽  
Bryan A. White
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Extrachromosomal Dna ◽  
Ruminococcus Albus ◽  
Ruminococcus Flavefaciens ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Reported Data

Seventeen Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens strains have been screened for naturally occurring antibiotic resistance, as determined by zones of inhibition from antibiotic disks. These strains were also examined for extrachromosomal DNA content. All strains screened are resistant to low levels (10–200 μg/mL) of streptomycin. In contrast to the previously reported data, we have found that R. flavefaciens C-94 is now susceptible to both kanamycin and tetracycline. However, R. flavefaciens FD-1 is not susceptible to kanamycin (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 40 μg/mL). Furthermore, R. albus 8 is resistant to tetracycline (MIC = 40 μg/mL), and erythromycin (MIC = 100 μg/mL). Six freshly isolated strains showed resistance to tetracycline (35–70 μg/mL), and all tetracycline-resistant strains also showed resistance to minocycline. None of these Ruminococcus determinants share homology with the streptococcal tetL, tetM, or tetN determinants. All 17 strains were screened for extrachromosomal DNA content. Nine different techniques for the detection and isolation of extrachromosomal DNA were tested. However, owing to difficulties in demonstrating or isolating plasmid DNA, it has not been possible to determine if these antibiotic resistance genes are plasmid borne. Evidence is presented to suggest that the presence of oxygen may affect the quality of the DNA obtained from Ruminococcus.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Genome Analysis of Carbapenem-Resistant Strains of Raoultella Species, an Emerging Multidrug-Resistant Bacterium in Hospitals

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Beiwen Zheng ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
Tingting Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacterium ◽  
The World ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT We report the characterization of six carbapenem-resistant Raoultella spp. (CRRS) in our hospital and a genomic analysis of 58 publicly available isolates. CRRS isolates are sporadically identified around the world, and different transposons carrying carbapenemases were the resistant mechanisms. Mobile genetic elements play an important role in acquiring antibiotic resistance genes from the hospital. An improved understanding of these transposon and targeted control measures will be very valuable to prevent CRRS dissemination.

scholarly journals Assessment of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance Transfer in the Gut

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Schjørring ◽  
Karen A. Krogfelt
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Strains

We assessed horizontal gene transfer between bacteria in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. During the last decades, the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains and treatment failures of bacterial infections have increased the public awareness of antibiotic usage. The use of broad spectrum antibiotics creates a selective pressure on the bacterial flora, thus increasing the emergence of multiresistant bacteria, which results in a vicious circle of treatments and emergence of new antibiotic resistant bacteria. The human gastrointestinal tract is a massive reservoir of bacteria with a potential for both receiving and transferring antibiotic resistance genes. The increased use of fermented food products and probiotics, as food supplements and health promoting products containing massive amounts of bacteria acting as either donors and/or recipients of antibiotic resistance genes in the human GI tract, also contributes to the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains. This paper deals with the assessment of antibiotic resistance gene transfer occurring in the gut.

Microbiological Quality and Prevalence of β-Lactam Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida da RessurreiÇão Brandão ◽  
Amanda Teixeira Sampaio Lopes ◽  
Maria Tereza da Silva Neta ◽  
Rhyan Barros Farias de Oliveira ◽  
Rachel Passos Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Crassostrea Rhizophorae

ABSTRACTThe microbiological quality of oysters reflects the microbiological quality of their habitats because they are filter feeders. The objective of this study was to assess the bacterial composition of the edible oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae in urban and preserved estuaries. Particularly, we assessed the presence of pathogenic bacteria, investigated antibiotic susceptibility in bacterial isolates, and quantified β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaKPC) via quantitative PCR of oyster DNA. Our results detected total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and enterobacteria in the oysters from urban estuaries, which is indicative of poor water quality. In addition, our detection of the eaeA and stxA2 virulence genes in 16.7% of E. coli isolates from oysters from this region suggests the presence of multiantibiotic-resistant enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli strains. During periods of low precipitation, increased contamination by E. coli (in winter) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (in autumn) was observed. In contrast, cultivated oysters inhabiting monitored farms in preserved areas had low levels of bacterial contamination, emphasizing that oyster culture monitoring enhances food quality and makes oysters fit for human consumption. Distinct antibiotic resistance profiles were observed in bacteria isolated from oysters collected from different areas, including resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. The presence of the blaTEM gene in 91.3% of oyster samples indicated that microorganisms in estuarine water conferred the capability to produce β-lactamase. To our knowledge, this is the first study to directly quantify and detect β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes in oysters. We believe our study provides baseline data for bacterial dynamics in estuarine oysters; such knowledge contributes to developing risk assessments to determine the associated hazards and consequences of consuming oysters from aquatic environments containing pathogenic bacteria that may possess antibiotic resistance genes.

Characterization of antibiotic resistance genes linked to class 1 and 2 integrons in strains of Salmonella spp. isolated from swine

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty San Martín ◽  
Lisette Lapierre ◽  
Javiera Cornejo ◽  
Sergio Bucarey
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Resistant Strains

The aim of this study was to characterize the antibiotic resistance profiles, the integron-associated resistance determinants, and the potential ability of transferring these determinants by conjugation in Salmonella enterica isolated from swine. Fifty-four strains of Salmonella spp. were isolated from healthy swine. The percentages of resistance, determined by the plate dilution method were as follows: oxytetracycline (41%), streptomycin (39%), sulphamethoxazol+trimethoprim (19%), enrofloxacin–ciprofloxacin (13%), and amoxicillin (0%). The most important resistance serovars were Salmonella Branderburg, Salmonella Derby, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Heidelberg. The oxytetracycline-resistant strains amplified the genes tetA (36%), tetB (64%); and the strains resistant to streptomycin and trimethoprim amplified the genes aadA1 (100%) and dfrA1 (100%), respectively. None of the fluoroquinolone-resistant strains amplified the gene qnr. Ten strains amplified the class 1 integron harboring the cassette aadA1. Six strains amplified the class 2 integron harboring the cassettes dfrA1, sat1, and aadA1. The conjugation assays showed that 2 strains transferred the tetA and aadA1 genes and the class 1 integron to a recipient strain. Taken together, the results obtained in this study show a high percentage of resistance in and the presence of integrons in strains of S. enterica isolated from swine. This information should support the implementation of regulations for the prudent use of antimicrobial agents in food-producing animals.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial agents in food products as a new threat of formation of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4 (72)) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Patraboy ◽  
D. V. Rotar
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Resistant Strains

In the article theve have been discussed the main directions of use of antimicrobial agents in the food industry and the consequences of formation of reservoir of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms for the healthcare system. The main emphasis was made on the differences between the control of use of antibiotics in animal husbandry in the European Union, the USA and Ukraine, as well as the quality of informing healthcare services about detection of resistant strains of microorganisms.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Serotypes and Whole-Genome Sequencing of Multiresistant Strains Isolated from Food Products in Russia

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Andrey L. Rakitin ◽  
Yulia K. Yushina ◽  
Elena V. Zaiko ◽  
Dagmara S. Bataeva ◽  
Oksana A. Kuznetsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pathogenicity Islands ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Multiresistant Strains

Food products may be a source of Salmonella, one of the main causal agents of food poisoning, especially after the emergence of strains resistant to antimicrobial preparations. The present work dealt with investigation of the occurrence of resistance to antimicrobial preparations among S. enterica strains isolated from food. The isolates belonged to 11 serovars, among which Infantis (28%), Enteritidis (19%), and Typhimurium (13.4%) predominated. The isolates were most commonly resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 19, 59.38%), cefazolin (n = 15, 46.86%), tetracycline (n = 13, 40.63%), and amikacin (n = 9, 28.13%). Most of the strains (68.75%) exhibited multiple resistance to commonly used antibiotics. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyse three multidrug-resistant strains (resistant to six or more antibiotics). Two of them (SZL 30 and SZL 31) belonged to S. Infantis, while one strain belonged to S. Typhimurium (SZL 38). Analysis of the genomes of the sequenced strains revealed the genes responsible for antibiotic resistance. In the genomes of strains SZL 30 and SZL 31 the genes of antibiotic resistance were shown to be localized mostly in integrons within plasmids, while most of the antibiotic resistance genes of strain SZL 38 were localized in a chromosomal island (17,949 nt). Genomes of the Salmonella strains SZL 30, SZL 31, and SZL 38 were shown to contain full-size pathogenicity islands: SPI-1, SPI-2, SPI-4, SPI-5, SPI-9, SPI-11, SPI-13, SPI-14, and CS54. Moreover, the genome of strain SZL 38 was also found to contain the full-size pathogenicity islands SPI-3, SPI-6, SPI-12, and SPI-16. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of various Salmonella serovars indicates that further research on the transmission pathways for these genetic determinants and monitoring of the distribution of these microorganisms are necessary.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Sudanese Banknotes and Determination of Their Resistance Profile

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha Ahmed Abd Alfadil ◽  
Malik Suliman Mohamed ◽  
Manal M. Ali ◽  
El Amin Ibrahim El Nima
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Resistant Strains

Background. Banknotes are one of the most exchangeable items in communities and always subject to contamination by pathogenic bacteria and hence could serve as vehicle for transmission of infectious diseases. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of contamination by pathogenic bacteria in Sudanese banknotes, determine the susceptibility of the isolated organisms towards commonly used antibiotics, and detect some antibiotic resistance genes.Methods. This study was carried out using 135 samples of Sudanese banknotes of five different denominations (2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 Sudanese pounds), which were collected randomly from hospitals, food sellers, and transporters in all three districts of Khartoum, Bahri, and Omdurman. Bacterial prevalence was determined using culture-based techniques, and their sensitivity patterns were determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Genotypic identification was carried out using PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing. Antibiotic resistance genes of some isolates were detected using PCR technique.Results. All Sudanese banknotes were found to be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria.Klebsiella pneumoniaewas found to be the most frequent isolate (23%), whereasBacillus mycoides(15%) was the most abundant Gram-positive isolate. There was a significant relationship between the number of isolates and the banknote denomination withpvalue <0.05 (the lower denomination showed higher contamination level). Our study has isolated bacteria that are resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins. Multidrug-resistant strains harboring resistant genes (mecA,blaCTX-M, andblaTEM) were also detected.Conclusion. All studied Sudanese banknotes were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains, and may play a significant role in the transmission of bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Cartography of opportunistic pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in a tertiary hospital environment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kern Rei Chng ◽  
Chenhao Li ◽  
Denis Bertrand ◽  
Amanda Hui Qi Ng ◽  
Junmei Samantha Kwah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Resistant Strains

AbstractThere is growing attention surrounding hospital acquired infections (HAIs) due to high associated healthcare costs, compounded by the scourge of widespread multi-antibiotic resistance. Although hospital environment disinfection is well acknowledged to be key for infection control, an understanding of colonization patterns and resistome profiles of environment-dwelling microbes is currently lacking. We report the first extensive genomic characterization of microbiomes (428), common HAI-associated microbes (891) and transmissible drug resistance cassettes (1435) in a tertiary hospital environment based on a 3-timepoint sampling (1 week and >1 year apart) of 179 sites from 45 beds. Deep shotgun metagenomic sequencing unveiled two distinct ecological niches of microbes and antibiotic resistance genes characterized by biofilm-forming and human microbiome influenced environments that display corresponding patterns of divergence over space and time. To study common nosocomial pathogens that were typically present at low abundances, a combination of culture enrichment and long-read nanopore sequencing was used to obtain thousands of high contiguity genomes (2347), phage sequences (1693) and closed plasmids (5910), a significant fraction of which (>60%) are not represented in current sequence databases. These high-quality assemblies and metadata enabled a rich characterization of resistance gene combinations, phage diversity, plasmid architectures, and the dynamic nature of hospital environment resistomes and their reservoirs. Phylogenetic analysis identified multidrug resistant strains as being more widely distributed and stably colonizing across hospital sites. Further genomic comparisons with clinical isolates across multiple species supports the hypothesis that multidrug resistant strains can persist in the hospital environment for extended periods (>8 years) to opportunistically infect patients. These findings highlight the importance of characterizing antibiotic resistance reservoirs in the hospital environment and establishes the feasibility of systematic genomic surveys to help target resources more efficiently for preventing HAIs.

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