scholarly journals An Appropriate Lower Respiratory Tract Specimen Is Essential for Diagnosis of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hoon Lee ◽  
Chang-Seop Lee ◽  
Heung-Bum Lee
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

scholarly journals COVID-19: Need of the hour to revisit asymptomatic prevalence of coronavirus pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Richard Avoi ◽  
Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim ◽  
Mohammad Saffree Jeffree ◽  
Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients

  Since the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic unfolded in China (Huang et al., 2020) back in December 2019, thus far, more than five million people were infected with the virus and 333,401 death were recorded worldwide (WHO, 2020b). The exponential increase in number shows that COVID-19 spreads faster compared to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). A study (Zou et al., 2020) has shown that high viral loads of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are detected in symptomatic patients soon after the onset of symptoms, wherein the load content is higher in their nose than in their throat. Furthermore, the same study has revealed similar viral loads between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Therefore, these findings may suggest the possibility of COVID-19 transmission earlier before the onset of symptoms itself. In the early stages of the pandemic, the control measures carried out have focused on screening of symptomatic person; at the time, the whole world thought that the spread of SARS-Cov-2 would only occur through symptomatic person-to-person transmission. In comparison, transmission in SARS would happen after the onset of illness, whereby the viral loads in the respiratory tract peaked around ten days after the development of symptoms by patients (Peiris et al., 2003). However, case detection for SARS (i.e. screening of symptomatic persons) will be grossly inadequate for the current COVID-19 pandemic, thus requiring different strategies to detect those infected with SARS-CoV-2 before they develop the symptoms.

scholarly journals An Overview: Coronaviruses in Recent Two Decades

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Al-Mashhadan ◽  
◽  
Alaa Mohammed ◽  
Rasha Raheem ◽  
Emad Yousif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Common ◽  
Tract Infections

Coronaviruses are an association of viruses which lead sicknesses in mammals and birds. The Common symptoms that affect humans are respiratory tract infections, fever, headache, etc.In this review, we highlight the development in coronaviruses in recent two decade, which include simpleacute respiratory syndrome (2002-2003), middle east respiratory syndrome (2012) and coronavirus disease 2019 (2019-2020).

scholarly journals A comprehensive review about SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 625-648
Author(s):  
SK Manirul Haque ◽  
Omar Ashwaq ◽  
Abdulla Sarief ◽  
Abdul Kalam Azad John Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
The World ◽  
Severe Fever

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in China, December 2019. Since then, it has spread the length and breadth of the world at an unprecedented, alarming rate. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, which causes COVID-19, has much in common with its closest homologs, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV. The virus–host interaction of SARS-CoV-2 uses the same receptor, ACE2, which is similar to that of SARS-CoV, which spreads through the respiratory tract. Patients with COVID-19 report symptoms including mild-to-severe fever, cough and fatigue; very few patients report gastrointestinal infections. There are no specific antiviral strategies. A few strong medications are under investigation, so we have to focus on proposals which ought to be taken to forestall this infection in a living host.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Receptor in the Upper Respiratory Tracts of Humans and Dromedary Camels

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 4838-4842 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Widagdo ◽  
V. Stalin Raj ◽  
Debby Schipper ◽  
Kimberley Kolijn ◽  
Geert J. L. H. van Leenders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is not efficiently transmitted between humans, but it is highly prevalent in dromedary camels. Here we report that the MERS-CoV receptor—dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)—is expressed in the upper respiratory tract epithelium of camels but not in that of humans. Lack of DPP4 expression may be the primary cause of limited MERS-CoV replication in the human upper respiratory tract and hence restrict transmission.

scholarly journals Investigation of MERS-CoV seropositivity among Umrah visitors from the Çorum Region of Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-612
Author(s):  
Ayşe Semra GÜRESER ◽  
Derya YAPAR ◽  
Özlem AKDOĞAN ◽  
Ayşegül TAYLAN ÖZKAN ◽  
Nurcan BAYKAM
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Positive Results

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Since the vast majority of cases (more than 85%) are reported from Saudi Arabia, there is a pandemic potential for pilgrimage due to Hajj or Umrah. It is reported from Turkey that more than 400 thousand people went to Saudi Arabia for umrah and 61 thousand people for Hajj in 2014. In this study it is aimed to investigate the patients who had just returned from Makkah for Umrah and who also applied to the Infectious Disease Clinics at the Hitit University Erol Olcok Training and Research Hospital for having respiratory tract symptoms. Their serologic situations have been determined by ELISA whether there is any risk in terms of performing the Hajj and Umrah, and contracting MERS-CoV. Between January 1st to the 31st of October 2015, 40 people were included in this study, which were admitted to our hospital with upper respiratory tract complaints and had previously been in Saudi Arabia for Umrah within the last 15 days. As a control group, 40 healthy people without any complaints and travel histories to risky areas were selected. Their serum samples were taken and searched by MERS-CoV IgG ELISA (Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany). The results ≤0.8 were considered as negative, ≥1.1 were as positive, 0.8-1.1 were suspected. All suspected and positive results have been revaluated and confirmed. Only two (5%) individuals from the patients’ group were found as positive for the MERS-CoV IgG antibodies, but individuals from the remaining patients’ group and also all control group members were determined as negative. Travels to Saudi Arabia could be a risk for exposure to MERS-CoV. Although there is no evidence, contamination could be realized by anthropologically due to crowds.

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