scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Taenia hydatigena from Sheep in Khartoum, Sudan

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosline James Muku ◽  
Hong-Bin Yan ◽  
John Asekhaen Ohiolei ◽  
Abubakar Ahmed Saaid ◽  
Sara Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Low Diversity

The cestode <i>Taenia hydatigena</i> uses canids, primarily dogs, as definitive hosts, while the metacestode larval stage cysticercus infects a range of intermediate hosts, including domestic animals such as goats, sheep, and pigs. Cysticercosis due to <i>T. hydatigena</i> has large veterinary and economic drawbacks. Like other taeniids, e.g., <i>Echinococcus</i>, intraspecific variation is found among the members of the genus Taenia. In Africa, few studies are available on the epidemiology and distribution of <i>T. hydatigena</i>, and even fewer studies are available on its genetic variation. In this study, we molecularly identified 11 cysticerci from sheep in Sudan and demonstrated the genetic variation based on the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (<i>nad</i>1) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (<i>cox</i>1) mitochondrial genes. The isolates were correctly identified as <i>T. hydatigena</i> with more than 99% similarity to those in the GenBank database. Low diversity indices and insignificant neutrality indices were observed, with 3 and 2 haplotypes for the <i>nad</i>1 and <i>cox</i>1 genes, respectively. The results suggest the presence of unique <i>T. hydatigena</i> haplotypes in Sudan, as haplotypes with 100% similarity were not found in the GenBank database. With few available studies on the genetic variation of <i>T. hydatigena</i> in Africa, this report represents the first insights into the genetic variation of <i>T. hydatigena</i> in Sudan and constitutes useful data.

scholarly journals First molecular description, phylogeny and genetic variation of Taenia hydatigena from Nigerian sheep and goats based on three mitochondrial genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Ohiolei ◽  
Joshua Luka ◽  
Guo-Qiang Zhu ◽  
Hong-Bin Yan ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Geographical Regions

Abstract Background Cysticercosis caused by the metacestode larval stage of Taenia hydatigena is a disease of veterinary and economic importance. A considerable level of genetic variation among isolates of different intermediate hosts and locations has been documented. Generally, data on the genetic population structure of T. hydatigena is scanty and lacking in Nigeria. Meanwhile, similar findings in other cestodes like Echinococcus spp. have been found to be of epidemiological importance. Our aim, therefore, was to characterize and compare the genetic diversity of T. hydatigena population in Nigeria based on three mitochondrial DNA markers as well as to assess the phylogenetic relationship with populations from other geographical regions. Methods In the present study, we described the genetic variation and diversity of T. hydatigena isolates from Nigerian sheep and goats using three full-length mitochondrial genes: the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5). Results The median-joining network of concatenated cox1-nad1-nad5 sequences indicated that T. hydatigena metacestodes of sheep origin were genetically distinct from those obtained in goats and this was supported by high FST values of nad1, cox1, and concatenated cox1-nad1-nad5 sequences. Genetic variation was also found to be higher in isolates from goats than from sheep. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, the present study described the genetic variation of T. hydatigena population for the first time in Nigeria using full-length mitochondrial genes and suggests the existence of host-specific variants. The population indices of the different DNA markers suggest that analysis of long mitochondrial DNA fragments may provide more information on the molecular ecology of T. hydatigena. We recommend that future studies employ long mitochondrial DNA sequence in order to provide reliable data that would explain the extent of genetic variation in different hosts/locations and the biological and epidemiological significance.

Analysis of Genetic Variation in Ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer and the NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 4 Mitochondrial Genes of the Onchocerciasis VectorSimulium ochraceum

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario A. Rodríguez-pérez ◽  
Claudia A. Núñez-gonzález ◽  
Cristian Lizarazo-ortega ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-varela ◽  
Michael C. Wooten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit

Analysis of Genetic Variation in Ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer and the NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 4 Mitochondrial Genes of the Onchocerciasis Vector Simulium ochraceum

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario A. Rodríguez-pérez ◽  
Claudia A. Núñez-gonzález ◽  
Cristian Lizarazo-ortega ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-varela ◽  
Michael C. Wooten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit

scholarly journals Is there low maternal genetic variation in West Asian populations of leopard?

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-708
Author(s):  
Mohammad S. Farhadinia ◽  
Mohammad Reza Ashrafzadeh ◽  
Helen Senn ◽  
Sohrab Ashrafi ◽  
Hamid Farahmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Amova Analysis

Abstract Persian leopards Panthera pardus saxicolor have been extirpated from over 84% of their historic range and are now limited to rugged landscapes of West Asia and the Caucasus. Understanding and maintaining genetic diversity and population connectivity is important for preventing inbreeding and genetic drift, both of which can threaten population viability. All previous analyses of intraspecific genetic variation of West Asian leopards based on the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 gene have reported low mitogenomic diversity. In the current study, we sequenced 959 bp of the mtDNA cytochrome b gene to describe the spatial genetic structure of 22 wild Persian leopards across Iran, which hosts most of the subspecies extant range. The findings based on phylogenetic trees and median-joining network indicated that leopards from Iran formed a distinct subclade, i.e., P. p. saxicolor. The AMOVA analysis showed significant differentiation (88.55%) between the subclades of Persian leopards and other Asian leopards. The lowest levels of haplotype (0.247) and nucleotide (0.00078) diversity were estimated in Persian leopards from Iran. Mitochondrial genome sequencing revealed only two closely related haplotypes. There was no evidence for recent sudden demographic expansion scenario in Persian leopards. The low diversity in cytochrome b gene could potentially be brought about by selective pressure on mitochondria to adapt to oxidative stress and higher metabolic rates in cold environments.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato from Humans in Slovenia

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Barbara Šoba ◽  
Špela Gašperšič ◽  
Darja Keše ◽  
Tadeja Kotar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
Important Intermediate ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato

The larval form of tapeworms of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato species cluster cause an important zoonotic infection, cystic echinococcosis (CE). Molecular characterization of the cluster’s isolates from different hosts greatly contributes to a better understanding of its transmission dynamics. To date, no genetic information is available on CE in Slovenia. In this work, we characterized isolates from human CE cases. Parasite samples from 18 patients were collected, together with the patients’ demographic and clinical data. Genomic DNA was analyzed by conventional PCR and sequencing at four mitochondrial loci (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, cox1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, nad1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5, nad5; and small ribosomal RNA, rrnS). Thirteen isolates were successfully amplified and sequenced. Seven (58.8%) patients were infected with E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) G1, five (38.5%) with E. canadensis G7 and one (7.7%) with E. granulosus s.s. G3. Echinococcus canadensis G7, the pig genotype, was identified exclusively in autochthonous Slovenes, while the patients originating from the Western Balkans were all infected with E. granulosus s.s. Our findings suggest that pigs are important intermediate hosts for human CE in Slovenia.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) based on mitochondrial DNA variations

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURENCE MOUSSON ◽  
CATHERINE DAUGA ◽  
THOMAS GARRIGUES ◽  
FRANCIS SCHAFFNER ◽  
MARIE VAZEILLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
African Populations ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Dna Variations

Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) are the most important vectors of the dengue and yellow-fever viruses. Both took advantage of trade developments to spread throughout the tropics from their native area: A. aegypti originated from Africa and A. albopictus from South-East Asia. We investigated the relationships between A. aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes based on three mitochondrial-DNA genes (cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase I and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5). Little genetic variation was observed for A. albopictus, probably owing to the recent spreading of the species via human activities. For A. aegypti, most populations from South America were found to be genetically similar to populations from South-East Asia (Thailand and Vietnam), except for one sample from Boa Vista (northern Amazonia), which was more closely related to samples from Africa (Guinea and Ivory Coast). This suggests that African populations of A. aegypti introduced during the slave trade have persisted in Boa Vista, resisting eradication campaigns.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of Echinococcus spp. in yaks and sheep in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China based on mitochondrial DNA

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Asekhaen Ohiolei ◽  
Chen-Yang Xia ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Jian-Zhi Liu ◽  
Wen-Qiang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Network ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
The Tibet Autonomous Region

Abstract Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans and livestock is caused by Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato). In China where CE is endemic, a number of studies have shown that Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) is majorly responsible for CE. However, E. canadensis (G6) which is the second leading cause of CE is now being detected in most parts of the country. In this study, the species diversity and genetic variation of Echinococcus granulosus (s.l.) in four counties in Tibet Autonomous Region of China were investigated. Methods Infection with Echinococcus granulosus (s.s.) in yaks and sheep was identified using NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 and 5 (nad1 and nad5) mitochondrial genes while the genotype G6 of E. canadensis initially diagnosed with NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) was further confirmed by analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome and a phylogenetic network constructed based on the nad2 and nad5 genes. Results Out of 85 hydatid cyst samples collected from slaughtered sheep (n = 54) and yaks (n = 31), 83 were identified as E. granulosus (s.s.) G1 (n = 77), G3 (n = 6) and 2 were identified as E. canadensis G6. Analysis of the nad1/nad5 genes revealed 16/17 mutations with 9/14 parsimony informative sites resulting in 15/14 haplotypes, respectively. Haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (π) of E. granulosus (s.s.) population were 0.650 and 0.00127 for nad1 and 0.782 and 0.00306 for nad5, respectively, with an overall negative Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs. A low FST indicated no genetic difference between isolates from sheep and yaks. Conclusion Pockets of infection with E. canadensis (G6, G7, G8 and G10) have been previously reported in sheep, goats, yaks and/or humans in different parts of China. While the G6 genotype has been previously reported in sheep in the Tibet Autonomous Region, the detection in a yak in the present study represents the first to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, we recommend future surveys and control efforts to comprehensively investigate other potential intermediate hosts for the prevalence and genetic diversity of the E. canadensis group (G6, G7, G8 and G10) across the country and their inclusion into the existing CE control programme.

Intraspecific variability among NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 sequences of Taenia hydatigena

2001 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander H. Kedra ◽  
Vasyl V. Tkach ◽  
Zdzislaw Swiderski ◽  
Zbigniew Pawłowski
Keyword(s):  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena

scholarly journals Correction to: First molecular description, phylogeny and genetic variation of Taenia hydatigena from Nigerian sheep and goats based on three mitochondrial genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Ohiolei ◽  
Joshua Luka ◽  
Guo-Qiang Zhu ◽  
Hong-Bin Yan ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Molecular Description

Following publication of the original article [1], the have authors flagged that the information in the legend of Fig. 1 is detailed in the wrong order.

scholarly journals Morphology, Molecular Identity, and Pathogenicity of Verticillium dahliae and V. longisporum Associated with Internally Discolored Horseradish Roots

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Myoung Yu ◽  
Ibrahim H. Cafarov ◽  
Mohammad Babadoost
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Molecular Identity ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

During 2008 to 2009, 255 isolates of Verticillium were obtained from internally discolored horseradish roots collected from California, Illinois, and Ontario. Twenty representative isolates were selected according to morphological features and geographic origin for further characterization. Based on the conidial size, the isolates were divided into two groups: Verticillium dahliae (4.4 ± 1.23 μm) and V. longisporum (7.8 ± 1.76 μm). Genetic diversity of the isolates was determined by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase subunit III [cox3] and NADH dehydrogenase subunit I [nad1]). Based on ITS analysis, Verticillium isolates were divided into two clades: V. dahliae and V. longisporum. However five isolates of V. longisporum (identified based on conidial size) were clustered with a V. dahliae clade, whereas the other five isolates formed a distinct V. longisporum clade. Combined analysis of the mitochondrial genes cox3 and nad1 showed that the two genetic clades of V. longisporum in ITS region analysis corresponded to the previously reported V. longisporum lineage A1/D3 and A1/D2. Pathogenicity tests revealed that all tested Verticillium isolates caused internal discoloration of horseradish roots, and there were no significant differences in either incidence or severity of root discoloration among the genetic groups.

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