scholarly journals Phylogeography of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) based on mitochondrial DNA variations

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURENCE MOUSSON ◽  
CATHERINE DAUGA ◽  
THOMAS GARRIGUES ◽  
FRANCIS SCHAFFNER ◽  
MARIE VAZEILLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
African Populations ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Dna Variations

Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) are the most important vectors of the dengue and yellow-fever viruses. Both took advantage of trade developments to spread throughout the tropics from their native area: A. aegypti originated from Africa and A. albopictus from South-East Asia. We investigated the relationships between A. aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes based on three mitochondrial-DNA genes (cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase I and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5). Little genetic variation was observed for A. albopictus, probably owing to the recent spreading of the species via human activities. For A. aegypti, most populations from South America were found to be genetically similar to populations from South-East Asia (Thailand and Vietnam), except for one sample from Boa Vista (northern Amazonia), which was more closely related to samples from Africa (Guinea and Ivory Coast). This suggests that African populations of A. aegypti introduced during the slave trade have persisted in Boa Vista, resisting eradication campaigns.

scholarly journals First molecular description, phylogeny and genetic variation of Taenia hydatigena from Nigerian sheep and goats based on three mitochondrial genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Ohiolei ◽  
Joshua Luka ◽  
Guo-Qiang Zhu ◽  
Hong-Bin Yan ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Geographical Regions

Abstract Background Cysticercosis caused by the metacestode larval stage of Taenia hydatigena is a disease of veterinary and economic importance. A considerable level of genetic variation among isolates of different intermediate hosts and locations has been documented. Generally, data on the genetic population structure of T. hydatigena is scanty and lacking in Nigeria. Meanwhile, similar findings in other cestodes like Echinococcus spp. have been found to be of epidemiological importance. Our aim, therefore, was to characterize and compare the genetic diversity of T. hydatigena population in Nigeria based on three mitochondrial DNA markers as well as to assess the phylogenetic relationship with populations from other geographical regions. Methods In the present study, we described the genetic variation and diversity of T. hydatigena isolates from Nigerian sheep and goats using three full-length mitochondrial genes: the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5). Results The median-joining network of concatenated cox1-nad1-nad5 sequences indicated that T. hydatigena metacestodes of sheep origin were genetically distinct from those obtained in goats and this was supported by high FST values of nad1, cox1, and concatenated cox1-nad1-nad5 sequences. Genetic variation was also found to be higher in isolates from goats than from sheep. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, the present study described the genetic variation of T. hydatigena population for the first time in Nigeria using full-length mitochondrial genes and suggests the existence of host-specific variants. The population indices of the different DNA markers suggest that analysis of long mitochondrial DNA fragments may provide more information on the molecular ecology of T. hydatigena. We recommend that future studies employ long mitochondrial DNA sequence in order to provide reliable data that would explain the extent of genetic variation in different hosts/locations and the biological and epidemiological significance.

Genetic variation and relationships of four species of medically important echinostomes (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in South-East Asia

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weerachai Saijuntha ◽  
Paiboon Sithithaworn ◽  
Kunyarat Duenngai ◽  
Nadda Kiatsopit ◽  
Ross H. Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South East Asia

Analysis of Genetic Variation in Ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer and the NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 4 Mitochondrial Genes of the Onchocerciasis VectorSimulium ochraceum

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario A. Rodríguez-pérez ◽  
Claudia A. Núñez-gonzález ◽  
Cristian Lizarazo-ortega ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-varela ◽  
Michael C. Wooten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit

scholarly journals Genetic variation of Echinococcus spp. in yaks and sheep in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China based on mitochondrial DNA

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Asekhaen Ohiolei ◽  
Chen-Yang Xia ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Jian-Zhi Liu ◽  
Wen-Qiang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Network ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
The Tibet Autonomous Region

Abstract Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans and livestock is caused by Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato). In China where CE is endemic, a number of studies have shown that Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) is majorly responsible for CE. However, E. canadensis (G6) which is the second leading cause of CE is now being detected in most parts of the country. In this study, the species diversity and genetic variation of Echinococcus granulosus (s.l.) in four counties in Tibet Autonomous Region of China were investigated. Methods Infection with Echinococcus granulosus (s.s.) in yaks and sheep was identified using NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 and 5 (nad1 and nad5) mitochondrial genes while the genotype G6 of E. canadensis initially diagnosed with NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) was further confirmed by analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome and a phylogenetic network constructed based on the nad2 and nad5 genes. Results Out of 85 hydatid cyst samples collected from slaughtered sheep (n = 54) and yaks (n = 31), 83 were identified as E. granulosus (s.s.) G1 (n = 77), G3 (n = 6) and 2 were identified as E. canadensis G6. Analysis of the nad1/nad5 genes revealed 16/17 mutations with 9/14 parsimony informative sites resulting in 15/14 haplotypes, respectively. Haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (π) of E. granulosus (s.s.) population were 0.650 and 0.00127 for nad1 and 0.782 and 0.00306 for nad5, respectively, with an overall negative Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs. A low FST indicated no genetic difference between isolates from sheep and yaks. Conclusion Pockets of infection with E. canadensis (G6, G7, G8 and G10) have been previously reported in sheep, goats, yaks and/or humans in different parts of China. While the G6 genotype has been previously reported in sheep in the Tibet Autonomous Region, the detection in a yak in the present study represents the first to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, we recommend future surveys and control efforts to comprehensively investigate other potential intermediate hosts for the prevalence and genetic diversity of the E. canadensis group (G6, G7, G8 and G10) across the country and their inclusion into the existing CE control programme.

The Occurrence and Distribution of Aphomia gularis (Zell.) (Lep., Galleriidae), A Pest of Stored Products

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Storage Pest

A summary is made of the literature dealing with the bionomics of Aphomia gularis (Zell.), a storage pest of almonds, walnuts, groundnuts and prunes, and to a lesser extent of rice and grain. Additional information is also given on its habits and occurrence in Britain.An outline is given of its origins, introduction and establishment in various parts of the world. The evidence leaves little doubt that the species originated in south-east Asia, its occurrence elsewhere being, with few exceptions, confined to the major ports of western Europe and North America. Cases of the spread of the pest from south-east Asia can be traced to the export of infested goods from that area. Unless action is taken to prevent further dispersal and measures applied to wipe out the known centres of infestation, further establishment of this species can be expected in countries at present not affected.It would appear that A. gularis is a subtropical and warm-temperate species, rarely found in the tropics and only able to maintain itself towards the northerly limits of its range, as in northern Britain and Sweden, in heated premises. In the cooler temperate regions, such as Britain, it cannot compete with such species as Ephestia elutella (Hb.) while in the tropics its ecological niche is filled by the very closely related species Corcyra cephalonica (Stnt.).Its apparent absence from regions in the southern hemisphere, where conditions favourable for development exist, may be due to its presence not having yet been recognised.

Cassia javanica (pink shower).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
General Construction ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Silvicultural Management ◽  
Bright Pink ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract C. javanica is an attractive small tree with widely spreading branches and showy, bright-pink blossoms. It is native to South-East Asia and is widely planted throughout the tropics as an ornamental and roadside tree, and has become naturalized in numerous tropical countries. C. javanica is very polymorphic and several subspecies have been distinguished. This is the only Cassia species with valuable timber. The wood is used for general construction, furniture and cabinet making. It is a leguminous species, fairly drought tolerant and coppices vigorously. The tree also has promise for the tannin industry. Due to the species' considerable potential, further research into its silvicultural management is warranted.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Relationships of the Madagascar Pygmy Kingfisher (Ispidina Madagascariensis)

The Auk ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 1271-1280
Author(s):  
Ben D. Marks ◽  
David E. Willard
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Tree Building ◽  
African Genus

Abstract The avifauna of Madagascar presents a complicated taxonomic and biogeographic problem. Although Madagascar was once connected to Africa, the birds of the island are not all of African origin. The Madagascar Pygmy Kingfisher (Ispidina madagascariensis) is sometimes placed in the African genus Ispidina and sometimes in the Southeast Asian genus Ceyx. We sequenced 755 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA from a fragment of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit II (ND2) and from the complete NADH dehydrogenase subunit III (ND3). We used these data to construct phylogenetic hypotheses for the Alcedinidae. Using these phylogenies, we evaluate previous hypotheses of relationships of I. madagascariensis. Although we cannot reject the hypothesis that I. madagascariensis is indeed a member of Ispidina, tree-building analyses support a relationship not with Ispidina or Ceyx, but instead with members of the African genus Corythornis. These data suggest that certain behaviors and plumage types have evolved several times in the Alcedinidae. Relations Phylogénétiques de Ispidina madagascariensis

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