Simultaneous occurrence of two new myxosporean species infecting the central nervous system of Hypopygus lepturus from Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Azevedo ◽  
R Feltran ◽  
S Rocha ◽  
E Matos ◽  
E Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Myxosporean Species

MULTIPLE MALFORMATIONS STUDIED WITH A NATIONAL REGISTER OF MALFORMATIONS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-417
Author(s):  
Bengt Källén ◽  
Jan Winberg
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
National Register ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Malformation Syndrome ◽  
Specific Syndrome ◽  
The Central Nervous System

An analysis was performed of 120 children, born with multiple malformations and reported to the Swedish national register of congenital malformations. The simultaneous occurrence of two or more specific malformations may be random or due to the presence of a specific syndrome. A statistical analysis demonstrates that specific associations do occur between certain malformations, and one "new" syndrome was found, consisting of closure defects of the central nervous system, an- or microphthalmia, cleft lip and/or cleft palate, and reduction malformations of the limbs, not related to the amelia-phocomelia group. Children with this constellation of malformations were especially common during the first half of 1965. Its cause is unknown. The method of analysis presented may be useful for an early detection of a new, drug-induced malformation syndrome.

New species of Myxosporea from frogs and resurrection of the genus Cystodiscus Lutz, 1889 for species with myxospores in gallbladders of amphibians

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHLIE HARTIGAN ◽  
IVAN FIALA ◽  
IVA DYKOVÁ ◽  
KARRIE ROSE ◽  
DAVID N. PHALEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
New Species ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Cane Toad ◽  
Rhinella Marina ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Myxosporean Species

SUMMARYTwo new myxosporean species in the gallbladders of frogs have recently spread across eastern Australia and cause disease. Cystodiscus axonis sp. n. and Cystodiscus australis sp. n. are species of Myxosporea (Myxozoa) identified from a range of Australian frogs and tadpoles including the introduced Cane toad (Rhinella marina). The new species are defined by their distinct genetic lineage, myxospore morphology and ultrastructure of the pre-sporogonic development. Spores of both species are produced in the gallbladder. Spores of C. axonis sp. n. possess distinct filiform polar appendages (FPA). The pre-sporogonic development of C. axonis sp. n. is within myelinated axons in the central nervous system of hosts, as well as bile ducts of tadpoles. Pre-sporogonic and sporogonic development of C. australis sp. n. is confined to tadpole bile ducts and myxospores of C. australis sp. n. are devoid of FPA. The genus Cystodiscus Lutz, 1889 introduced for Cystodiscus immersus Lutz, 1889 is emended to accompany myxosporean parasites affecting amphibians previously classified in the genus Myxidium sensu lato. A synopsis of described species within Cystodiscus is provided.

The Spectrum of Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) in Childhood

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1437-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Tillema ◽  
A. McKeon
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The evaluation of inflammatory central nervous system disorders in childhood with predominant involvement of the optic nerves and spinal cord has been greatly enhanced over the last decade with identification of a group of disorders unified by the detection of neuromyelitis optica (NMO)–IgG, an antibody targeting the central nervous system–predominant water channel aquaporin-4. Clinical syndromes are predominated by the relapsing form of NMO but also include encephalopathic variants that can mimic acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Maintenance immunotherapy is used to prevent relapses in NMO-IgG–seropositive patients. In contrast, NMO-IgG–seronegative children with NMO more commonly have a monophasic course (simultaneous occurrence of optic neuritis and transverse myelitis) and do not require remission-maintaining immunotherapy, but close surveillance is advised. Current clinical, pathological, and pathogenetic knowledge is reviewed with a focus on clinical presentation, neuroimaging findings, serological investigations, and treatment of children with disorders within the spectrum of central nervous system aquaporin-4 autoimmunity.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Mammalian Bone Marrow Acetylcholinesterase

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mammalian Bone

Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) (ACHE) has been localized at cholinergic junctions both in the central nervous system and at the periphery and it functions in neurotransmission. ACHE was also found in other tissues without involvement in neurotransmission, but exhibiting the common property of transporting water and ions. This communication describes intracellular ACHE in mammalian bone marrow and its secretion into the extracellular medium.

Glucuronyl 3-sulfate occurs exclusively on distal unmyelinated terminals of selected sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 958-959
Author(s):  
S.S. Spicer ◽  
B.A. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Leu 7

Generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue antigens has yielded several (VC1.1, HNK- 1, L2, 4F4 and anti-leu 7) which recognize the unique sugar epitope, glucuronyl 3-sulfate (Glc A3- SO4). In the central nervous system, these MAbs have demonstrated Glc A3-SO4 at the surface of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the retina and other widespread regions of the brain.Here we describe the distribution of Glc A3-SO4 in the peripheral nervous system as determined by immunostaining with a MAb (VC 1.1) developed against antigen in the cat visual cortex. Outside the central nervous system, immunoreactivity was observed only in peripheral terminals of selected sensory nerves conducting transduction signals for touch, hearing, balance and taste. On the glassy membrane of the sinus hair in murine nasal skin, just deep to the ringwurt, VC 1.1 delineated an intensely stained, plaque-like area (Fig. 1). This previously unrecognized structure of the nasal vibrissae presumably serves as a tactile end organ and to our knowledge is not demonstrable by means other than its selective immunopositivity with VC1.1 and its appearance as a densely fibrillar area in H&E stained sections.

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