scholarly journals Illuminating Light

10.33540/856 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mike Henry Petrus Alphons Sas
Keyword(s):  
Illuminating Light

Tandem scanning reflected light microscopy: How it works and applications

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Alan Boyde ◽  
Milan Hadravský ◽  
Mojmír Petran ◽  
Timothy F. Watson ◽  
Sheila J. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Central Symmetry ◽  
Single Line ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Illuminating Light ◽  
Illuminating Beam

The principles of tandem scanning reflected light microscopy and the design of recent instruments are fully described elsewhere and here only briefly. The illuminating light is intercepted by a rotating aperture disc which lies in the intermediate focal plane of a standard LM objective. This device provides an array of separate scanning beams which light up corresponding patches in the plane of focus more intensely than out of focus layers. Reflected light from these patches is imaged on to a matching array of apertures on the opposite side of the same aperture disc and which are scanning in the focal plane of the eyepiece. An arrangement of mirrors converts the central symmetry of the disc into congruency, so that the array of apertures which chop the illuminating beam is identical with the array on the observation side. Thus both illumination and “detection” are scanned in tandem, giving rise to the name Tandem Scanning Microscope (TSM). The apertures are arranged on Archimedean spirals: each opposed pair scans a single line in the image.

Practical Necessity and Moral Heroism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Fruh
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Moral Exemplars ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Practical Necessity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Illuminating Light

Discussions of closely associated notions of practical necessity, volitional necessity, and moral incapacity have profited from a focus on cases of agential crisis to further our understanding of how features of an agent’s character might bind her. This paper turns to agents in crises in order to connect this way of being bound to the phenomenon of moral heroism. The connection is fruitful in both directions. Importing practical necessity into examinations of moral heroism can explain the special sense of bindingness moral heroes frequently express while preserving the status of heroic acts as supererogatory. It also helps explain how heroes persevere and act as so few others do. On the other hand, the context of moral heroism allows a fuller development of some features of the concept of practical necessity, shedding more illuminating light on the roots of practical necessity in character through recent findings in the psychology of moral exemplars.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Tunable and Reconfigurable Metamaterials

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghun Bang ◽  
Jeonghyun Kim ◽  
Gwanho Yoon ◽  
Takuo Tanaka ◽  
Junsuk Rho
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Real World ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Artificial Atoms ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Illuminating Light ◽  
Tunable Metamaterial

Metamaterials are composed of nanostructures, called artificial atoms, which can give metamaterials extraordinary properties that cannot be found in natural materials. The nanostructures themselves and their arrangements determine the metamaterials’ properties. However, a conventional metamaterial has fixed properties in general, which limit their use. Thus, real-world applications of metamaterials require the development of tunability. This paper reviews studies that realized tunable and reconfigurable metamaterials that are categorized by the mechanisms that cause the change: inducing temperature changes, illuminating light, inducing mechanical deformation, and applying electromagnetic fields. We then provide the advantages and disadvantages of each mechanism and explain the results or effects of tuning. We also introduce studies that overcome the disadvantages or strengthen the advantages of each classified tunable metamaterial.

Ordinary Illuminating Light Speckle Using Optical Fiber For Surface Deformation Measurement

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Sen ◽  
Zhao Jun ◽  
Pon Shochoung
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Deformation Measurement ◽  
Illuminating Light

Determination of Impact Ionization Coefficients Measured from 4H Silicon Carbide Avalanche Photodiodes

2007 ◽  
Vol 556-557 ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.S. Loh ◽  
C. Mark Johnson ◽  
J.S. Ng ◽  
Peter M. Sandvik ◽  
Steve Arthur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Ionization ◽  
Avalanche Photodiodes ◽  
Submicron Devices ◽  
Illuminating Light ◽  
Factor Data ◽  
Ionization Coefficients ◽  
P Type ◽  
Dark Currents ◽  
The Impact

Hole initiated avalanche multiplication characteristics of 4H-SiC avalanche photodiodes have been studied. The diodes had n+-n-p SiC epitaxial layers grown on a p-type substrate. These 1 mm2 devices had very low dark currents and exhibited sharp breakdown at voltages of approximately 500V. The diodes multiplication characteristics appeared to be identical when the wavelength of the illuminating light from the top varied from 288 to 325nm, implying that almost pure hole initiated multiplication was occurring. The multiplication factor data were modelled using a local multiplication model with impact ionization coefficients of 4H-SiC reported by various authors. The impact ionization coefficients extracted from submicron devices by Ng et al. were found to give accurate predictions for multiplication factors within the uncertainties of the doping levels. This result suggests that their ionization coefficients can be applied to thicker bulk 4H-SiC structures.

scholarly journals The Return of Civilization—and of Arnold Toynbee?

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Human Experience ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
History Of ◽  
Illuminating Light

AbstractAfter a period of neglect, civilization as a concept seems once more to have regained popularity among a number of historians and social scientists. Why? What is the appeal of civilization today? And might the return of civilization also herald a return to the work of Arnold Toynbee, once regarded as the towering figure of civilizational analysis? This paper considers the history of the concept of civilization, and argues for the continuing importance and relevance of Toynbee's multi-volumeA Study of Historywithin that tradition. The claim is that, whatever the weaknesses of Toynbee's general approach, the civilizational perspective he adopts allows him to cast an illuminating light on many important historical questions. Moreover his belief in the “philosophical contemporaneity” and equal value of all civilizations should make him peculiarly attractive to those many today who reject Eurocentrism and who are increasingly persuaded of the need to consider the total human experience from earliest times up to the present.

scholarly journals Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Ma ◽  
Guo Dong Bai ◽  
Hong Bo Jing ◽  
Cheng Yang ◽  
Lianlin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feedback System ◽  
Manual Control ◽  
Control Software ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Ambient Environment ◽  
Physical Sensors ◽  
Illuminating Light ◽  
Feedback Algorithm ◽  
Online Feedback ◽  
Radiation Beams

Abstract Intelligence at either the material or metamaterial level is a goal that researchers have been pursuing. From passive to active, metasurfaces have been developed to be programmable to dynamically and arbitrarily manipulate electromagnetic (EM) wavefields. However, the programmable metasurfaces require manual control to switch among different functionalities. Here, we put forth a smart metasurface that has self-adaptively reprogrammable functionalities without human participation. The smart metasurface is capable of sensing ambient environments by integrating an additional sensor(s) and can adaptively adjust its EM operational functionality through an unmanned sensing feedback system. As an illustrative example, we experimentally develop a motion-sensitive smart metasurface integrated with a three-axis gyroscope, which can adjust self-adaptively the EM radiation beams via different rotations of the metasurface. We develop an online feedback algorithm as the control software to make the smart metasurface achieve single-beam and multibeam steering and other dynamic reactions adaptively. The proposed metasurface is extendable to other physical sensors to detect the humidity, temperature, illuminating light, and so on. Our strategy will open up a new avenue for future unmanned devices that are consistent with the ambient environment.

Coherent noise suppression of phase images in digital holography by rotating illuminating light

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1345-1350
Author(s):  
李艳 Li Yan ◽  
肖文 Xiao Wen ◽  
潘锋 Pan Feng ◽  
戎路 Rong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Digital Holography ◽  
Noise Suppression ◽  
Coherent Noise ◽  
Phase Images ◽  
Illuminating Light

scholarly journals Illuminating light, cytokinin, and ethylene signalling crosstalk in plant development: Fig. 1.

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (16) ◽  
pp. 4913-4931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marketa Zdarska ◽  
Tereza Dobisová ◽  
Zuzana Gelová ◽  
Markéta Pernisová ◽  
Siarhei Dabravolski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Illuminating Light ◽  
Ethylene Signalling

scholarly journals Optical activity in the scattering of structured light

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (47) ◽  
pp. 25819-25829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Cameron ◽  
Stephen M. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Optical Activity ◽  
Structured Light ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Single Plane ◽  
Illuminating Light

We observe that optical activity in light scattering can be probed using types of illuminating light other than single plane (or quasi plane) waves and that this introduces new possibilities for the study of molecules and atoms.

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